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81. 发明授权

US5782755A Monitoring one or more solutes in a biological system using optical techniques 失效
标题翻译：使用光学技术监测生物系统中的一种或多种溶质
公开(公告)号：US5782755A
公开(公告)日：1998-07-21
申请号：US349839
申请日：1994-12-02
申请人： Britton Chance , Hanli Liu
发明人： Britton Chance , Hanli Liu
IPC分类号： A61B5/145 , A61B5/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/14546 , A61B5/14551 , A61B5/6824 , A61B5/7257
摘要： A scheme for monitoring one or more solutes in a biological system comprising the steps of: delivering light into a biological system containing one or more solutes, the light having a wavelength selected to be in a range wherein at least one of the one or more solutes is substantially non-absorbing; detecting at least first and second portions of the delivered light, the first portion having traveled through the biological system along one or more paths characterized by a first average path length, and the second portion having traveled through the biological system along one or more paths characterized by a second average path length that is greater than the first average path length; and comparing the first and second portions of the delivered light to monitor a concentration of one or more of the solutes in the biological system. Also described are schemes for monitoring low molecular weight polyhydroxy solutes, generally sugars (mannitol, fructose, sucrose, glucose), alcohols (methanol and propanediol), and electrolytes (sodium and potassium chloride).
摘要翻译：用于监测生物系统中的一种或多种溶质的方案，包括以下步骤：将光输送到含有一种或多种溶质的生物系统中，所述光的波长选择在一个或多个溶质中的至少一个溶质基本上不吸收; 检测所传送的光的至少第一和第二部分，所述第一部分沿着一个或多个路径行进通过所述生物系统，其特征在于具有第一平均路径长度，并且所述第二部分沿着一个或多个路径行进通过所述生物系统通过大于第一平均路径长度的第二平均路径长度; 以及比较所输送的光的第一和第二部分以监测生物系统中一种或多种溶质的浓度。还描述了用于监测低分子量多羟基溶质，通常为糖（甘露醇，果糖，蔗糖，葡萄糖），醇（甲醇和丙二醇）和电解质（钠和氯化钾）的方案。

82. 发明授权

US5664574A System for tissue examination using directional optical radiation 失效
标题翻译：使用定向光学辐射进行组织检查的系统
公开(公告)号：US5664574A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-09
申请号：US320160
申请日：1994-10-07
申请人： Britton Chance
发明人： Britton Chance
IPC分类号： A61B10/00 , A61B5/00 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/47 , G01N21/49 , G01N21/64
CPC分类号： G01N21/6456 , A61B5/0073 , A61B5/0091 , A61B5/1455 , A61B5/14553 , A61B5/4312 , G01N21/3151 , G01N21/4795 , G01N21/49 , G01N21/6486 , A61B2562/0233 , A61B2562/0242 , A61B2562/043 , A61B5/14551 , A61B5/7239 , G01N2021/1789 , G01N2021/3181 , G01N2021/6421 , G01N2021/6484 , G01N21/47 , G01N2201/0696
摘要： A method and system for examination of a subject positioned between input and detection ports of the spectroscopic system applied to the subject. The systems shown include at least one light source for introducing at one or multiple input ports, electromagnetic non-ionizing radiation of a known time-varying pattern of photon density of a wavelength selected to be scattered and absorbed while migrating in the subject, radiation pattern control means for achieving a directional pattern of emitted resulting radiation that possesses substantial gradient of photon density, at least one detector for detecting the radiation that has migrated in the subject at one or multiple detection ports. The systems also include processing means for processing the detected radiation and creating sets of data, and evaluation means for examining the subject using the data sets. The emitted directional radiation pattern utilizes its gradient of photon density to detect a hidden object while scanning across the examined subject. The wavelength of the radiation can be selected to be sensitive to endogenous or exogenous pigments, or to cause fluorescent emission from a fluorescent constituent of interest in the subject. The operation of the systems is computer controlled.
摘要翻译：一种用于检查位于应用于被摄体的光谱系统的输入和检测端口之间的被摄体的方法和系统。所示的系统包括用于在一个或多个输入端口处引入的至少一个光源，其被选择为被散射和吸收的波长的光子密度的已知时变模式的电磁非电离辐射，同时在受试者中迁移，辐射图控制装置，用于实现具有基本梯度的光子密度的所发射的所得辐射的方向图，至少一个检测器，用于检测在一个或多个检测端口处在被检体中迁移的辐射。该系统还包括用于处理检测到的辐射和创建数据集的处理装置，以及用于使用数据集检查对象的评估装置。发射的方向辐射图使用其光子密度梯度来检测被扫描物体，同时扫描被检查的对象。辐射的波长可以选择为对内源性或外源性色素敏感，或者从受试者感兴趣的荧光成分引起荧光发射。系统的操作是计算机控制的。

83. 发明授权

US5596987A Optical coupler for in vivo examination of biological tissue 失效
标题翻译：用于体内检查生物组织的光耦合器
公开(公告)号：US5596987A
公开(公告)日：1997-01-28
申请号：US367939
申请日：1995-01-03
申请人： Britton Chance
发明人： Britton Chance
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , G01N21/03 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/49
CPC分类号： A61B5/14552 , A61B5/0091 , A61B5/14551 , A61B5/14553 , A61B5/4312 , A61B5/6814 , G01N21/49 , A61B2562/146 , G01N2021/0342 , G01N2021/1789 , G01N2021/3144 , G01N21/4795 , G01N2201/0696
摘要： An optical coupler for in vivo examination of biological tissue includes an optical input port positionable on or near the examined tissue, a first light guide optically coupled to the optical input port and constructed to transmit optical radiation of a visible or infra-red wavelength from a source to the optical input port. The optical coupler also includes an optical detection port, positionable on or near the examined tissue, constructed and arranged to receive radiation that has migrated in the examined tissue from the input port. Connected to the detection port is a detector light guide, constructed to transmit radiation from the detection port to an optical detector. Disposed at least partially around the examined tissue and the input and detection ports is optical medium arranged to couple the radiation to the tissue, limit escape of photons, or account for photons that escaped from the tissue. The optical coupler also enables a precise relative geometry of input and detection ports. The optical coupler may further include a system for altering controllably absorptive or scattering properties of the optical medium. The optical coupler may be further adapted for needle localization procedure, ultrasonic examination of tissue, and may include coils for magnetic resonance imaging of the tissue also examined optically.
摘要翻译：用于体内检查生物组织的光学耦合器包括可定位在所检查的组织上或附近的光学输入端口，光学耦合到光学输入端口并被构造为将可见光或红外波长的光辐射从光源输入端口。光耦合器还包括可检测的组织上或附近的光学检测端口，其被构造和布置为接收从输入端口迁移到经检查的组织中的辐射。连接到检测端口的是检测器光导，被构造成将检测端口的辐射传输到光学检测器。至少部分地围绕被检查的组织设置，并且输入和检测端口是布置成将辐射耦合到组织的光学介质，限制光子逃逸，或者考虑从组织逸出的光子。光耦合器还能够实现输入和检测端口的精确相对几何。光耦合器还可以包括用于改变光学介质的可控制吸收或散射特性的系统。光耦合器可以进一步适用于针定位程序，组织的超声波检查，并且可以包括用于也被光学检查的组织的磁共振成像的线圈。

84. 发明授权

US5402778A Spectrophotometric examination of tissue of small dimension 失效
标题翻译：小尺度组织的分光光度检测
公开(公告)号：US5402778A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-04
申请号：US6233
申请日：1993-01-19
申请人： Britton Chance
发明人： Britton Chance
IPC分类号： G01N21/35 , A61B5/00 , A61B5/145 , A61B5/1455 , G01N21/03 , G01N21/31 , G01N21/49
CPC分类号： A61B5/14552 , A61B5/1455 , G01N21/49 , A61B5/14553 , G01N2021/0342 , G01N2021/1789 , G01N2021/3144 , G01N21/4795 , G01N2201/0696
摘要： A system for examination of a relatively small volume of biological tissue of interest using visible or infra-red radiation includes a spectrophotometer, an optical medium of a relatively large volume having selectable scattering and absorptive properties, and a processor adapted to determine a physiological property of the examined tissue. The spectrophotometer includes a light source for introducing radiation at an optical input port, a detector for detecting radiation that has migrated through a path from the input port to an optical detection port, and a processor for evaluating changes between the introduced and the detected radiation. The biological tissue of interest is positioned into the photon migration path inside the optical medium to create a tissue-medium optical path. The optical medium is adapted to limit substantially escape of photons from the tissue. The processor determines a physiological property of the tissue based on the detected optical property of the tissue-medium optical path and the scattering or absorptive properties of the selected optical medium. Alternatively, the system can match the optical properties of the medium to the optical properties of the tissue. The spectrophotometer is a continuous wave spectrophotometer, a phase modulation spectrophotometer or a time-resolved spectrophotometer.
摘要翻译：使用可见或红外辐射检查相对小体积的感兴趣的生物组织的系统包括分光光度计，具有可选择的散射和吸收性质的相对较大体积的光学介质，以及适于确定生物学特性的处理器检查的组织。分光光度计包括用于在光学输入端口处引入辐射的光源，用于检测已经通过从输入端口到光学检测端口的路径迁移的辐射的检测器，以及用于评估引入的和检测到的辐射之间的变化的处理器。感兴趣的生物组织位于光学介质内的光子迁移路径中，以产生组织介质光路。光学介质适于限制光子从组织的基本上的逸出。处理器基于检测到的组织介质光路的光学特性和所选择的光学介质的散射或吸收特性来确定组织的生理特性。或者，系统可以将介质的光学性质与组织的光学性质相匹配。分光光度计是连续波分光光度计，相位调制分光光度计或时间分辨分光光度计。

85. 发明授权

US5119815A Apparatus for determining the concentration of a tissue pigment of known absorbance, in vivo, using the decay characteristics of scintered electromagnetic radiation 失效
标题翻译：用于使用烧结电磁辐射的衰变特性在体内测定已知吸光度的组织颜料的浓度的装置
公开(公告)号：US5119815A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-09
申请号：US287847
申请日：1988-12-21
申请人： Britton Chance
发明人： Britton Chance
IPC分类号： G01J3/28 , G01N21/49 , G01N21/59
CPC分类号： G01J3/2889 , G01N21/49 , G01N21/59 , G01N2021/1791
摘要： Methods and apparatus using the principles of time-resolved spectroscopy are disclosed. The present invention employs incident light pulses of sufficiently short duration to permit the rate of the rise and decay of such pulses to be measured. Consequently, the rate of decay, u, permits a determination of the concentration of an absorptive pigment, such as hemoglobin. The present invention also allows the precise path length the photons travel to be determined. Using this path length information and by measuring changes in optical density using known continuous light (CW) spectrophotometry systems, the methods and apparatus disclosed allow changes in the concentration of an absorptive pigment to be correctly be measured. From these data, the oxygenation state of a tissue region, such as the brain, can be accurately determined in real time.
摘要翻译：公开了使用时间分辨光谱原理的方法和装置。本发明采用足够短持续时间的入射光脉冲，以允许测量这些脉冲的上升和下降的速率。因此，衰减速率u允许测定吸收性颜料如血红蛋白的浓度。本发明还允许确定光子行进的精确路径长度。使用该路径长度信息并通过使用已知的连续光（CW）分光光度法系统测量光密度的变化，所公开的方法和装置允许正确测量吸收性颜料的浓度的变化。从这些数据可以准确地确定脑组织区域的氧合状态。

86. 发明授权

US5062428A Method and device for in vivo diagnosis detecting IR emission by body organ 失效
标题翻译：体内诊断检测体内器官红外发射的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5062428A
公开(公告)日：1991-11-05
申请号：US653971
申请日：1991-02-11
申请人： Britton Chance
发明人： Britton Chance
IPC分类号： A61B5/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/0059
摘要： A sensitive photon detector can be used for external detection in vivo of emission from a body organ, for instance of singlet oxygen emission in the near infrared at 1280 nm, for various purposes such as control of oxygenation of a patient. At such a wavelength bone and overlying tissue are sufficiently transparent to allow detection exteriorly of the body. Stray light and thermal emissions at this wavelength in a lit room are sufficiently low, or can otherwise be controlled, to allow detection of this singlet radiation by for instance a cooled Ge detector, to determine a rate of detected photons. Detection of this radiation can be taken for instance as indicating damage in process from over-oxygenation of a patient, allowing preventing and remedial measures to be taken in oxygen treatment. If a wavelength of interest is absorbed by overlying body tissues, insertion of an optical fiber leading to a detector, or of a detector itself, into the patient's body via a cavity of the body or otherwise can be employed for getting sufficiently close to the organ of interest.
摘要翻译：敏感光子检测器可用于身体器官发射的外部检测，例如在1280nm的近红外线中的单线态氧发射，用于各种目的，例如控制患者的氧合。在这样的波长下，骨骼和上覆组织足够透明以允许身体外部的检测。在点燃房间中的这种波长的杂散光和热辐射足够低，或者否则可以被控制，以允许通过例如冷却的Ge检测器检测该单线辐射，以确定检测到的光子的速率。可以检测这种辐射，例如作为指示患者过氧化的过程中的损伤，允许在氧治疗中采取预防和补救措施。如果感兴趣的波长被覆盖的身体组织吸收，则通过身体的空腔将导致检测器或检测器本身的光纤插入患者体内或以其他方式可以用于使得与器官充分接近出于兴趣。

87. 发明授权

US4441502A NMR System for determining relationship between work output and oxidative phosphorylation capability in an exercising body member 失效
标题翻译：用于确定锻炼身体成员中工作输出与氧化磷酸化能力之间的关系的NMR系统
公开(公告)号：US4441502A
公开(公告)日：1984-04-10
申请号：US409554
申请日：1982-08-19
申请人： Britton Chance
发明人： Britton Chance
IPC分类号： A61B5/055 , A61B5/22 , G01R33/465 , A61B5/05
CPC分类号： A61B5/4519 , A61B5/055 , A61B5/22 , G01R33/465
摘要： A NMR apparatus for determining the relationship between work output of an exercising body member and the steady-state capability of oxidative phosphorylation of the muscle tissue as measured by the PCr/P.sub.i ratio in the tissue. The apparatus includes the large hollow magnet of the NMR system, with a radio frequency probe mounted therein, arranged to underlie a human limb, such as an arm, inserted in the magnet from one end. Adjacent to the opposite end a Cybex ergometer is mounted. A hand lever is pivotally mounted in the magnet and is connected by a link bar to the drive arm of the ergometer. The subject inserts his arm in the magnet and grasps the hand lever, performing controlled work strokes at uniformly spaced short intervals over a selected length of time, such as 10 minutes, observing the output trace of the ergometer and maintaining a constant work output intensity with each stroke. The NMR apparatus provides curves of the NMR response at 24.3 MHz and a magnetic field of 20 kg, showing the intensities of the phosphorus-containing components of the muscle tissue, including PCr and P.sub.i. This enables accurate measurement and monitoring of the work output from the muscle simultaneously with the generation of the phosphorus NMR response curves. A curve may be plotted showing PCr/P.sub.i versus time, which affords criteria of muscle performance. Another useful curve may be plotted showing muscle unit volume work rate in terms of joules/sec versus P.sub.i /PCr, also capable of detecting biochemical abnormality, muscle dystrophy or vascular disease.
摘要翻译：用于确定锻炼身体成员的工作输出与肌肉组织的氧化磷酸化的稳态能力之间的关系的NMR装置，其通过组织中的PCr / Pi比测量。该装置包括NMR系统的大型中空磁体，其中安装有射频探针，其布置成从一端插入磁体中的诸如臂的人体肢体的下面。在相反的一端安装了Cybex测力仪。手柄可枢转地安装在磁体中，并通过连杆连接到测力计的驱动臂。被摄对象将他的手臂插入磁铁并抓住手柄，在选定的时间长度（如10分钟）内以均匀间隔的短时间间隔执行受控工作行程，观察测力计的输出轨迹并保持恒定的工作输出强度每次冲程 NMR装置提供了在24.3MHz的NMR响应和20kg的磁场的曲线，显示了包括PCr和Pi在内的肌肉组织的含磷成分的强度。这能够在产生磷核磁共振响应曲线的同时准确测量和监测肌肉的工作输出。可以绘制曲线，其显示PCr / Pi与时间，其提供肌肉性能的标准。可以绘制另一个有用的曲线，显示肌肉单位体积工作速率（以焦耳/秒为单位）对Pi / PCr，也可以检测生化异常，肌肉营养不良或血管疾病。

88. 发明授权

US4023905A Flash photolysis split beam spectrophotometer 失效
标题翻译：闪光光解裂束分光光度计
公开(公告)号：US4023905A
公开(公告)日：1977-05-17
申请号：US644863
申请日：1975-12-29
申请人： Britton Chance
发明人： Britton Chance
IPC分类号： G01N21/63 , G01N31/00 , G01J3/42
CPC分类号： G01N21/631 , G01N31/00 , Y10S435/808
摘要： Method and apparatus for providing flash photolysis of CO-inhibited cytochrome oxidase in a first portion of a sample exposed to an oxygenating agent and optically comparing the result with a non-photolyzed second portion of the sample or with a previously photolyzed portion of the sample. The sample is contained in a tubular transparent chamber located in the optical scanning path of a split-beam spectrophotometer having respective split-beam light guide channels traversing two spaced portions of the tubular sample chamber. Two corresponding photolyzing light guide channel assemblies are provided perpendicular to the scanning light guide channels, coplanar therewith, with a laser adjustably positioned to selectively flash-illuminate either of the two transverse photolyzing light guide channels optically communicating with the sample chamber. The technique may be employed either with frozen samples or with samples in the liquid state, with the viscosity suitably increased and with a constriction between the two portions of the sample chamber to inhibit mixing.
摘要翻译：用于在暴露于含氧剂的样品的第一部分中提供CO抑制细胞色素氧化酶的快速光解的方法和装置，并将结果与样品的未光解的第二部分或样品的先前光解部分进行光学比较。样品包含在分光束分光光度计的光学扫描路径中的管状透明室中，该分光光度计具有穿过管状样品室的两个间隔开的部分的相应的分束光导通道。垂直于扫描光导通道设置两个相应的光引导通道组件，与扫描光导通道共面，激光可调节地定位成选择性地闪光照射与样品室光学连通的两个横向光引导通道中的任一个。该技术可以与冷冻样品或液体状态的样品一起使用，粘度适当地增加，并且在样品室的两个部分之间收缩以抑制混合。

89. 发明授权

US3963351A Multi-channel optical time-sharing apparatus having a rotating filter wheel with position-encoding means 失效
标题翻译：具有带位置编码装置的旋转滤光轮的多通道光时分装置
公开(公告)号：US3963351A
公开(公告)日：1976-06-15
申请号：US567946
申请日：1975-04-14
申请人： Britton Chance , Victor Legallais , John R. Sorge , Norman C. Graham, Jr.
发明人： Britton Chance , Victor Legallais , John R. Sorge , Norman C. Graham, Jr.
IPC分类号： G01J1/44 , G01J3/12 , G01N21/31 , G01J3/30 , G01J3/48
CPC分类号： G01N21/314 , G01J2001/444 , G01J2003/123 , G01N2021/3162 , G01N2021/3174 , G01N2021/4742 , G01N2021/6421 , G01N21/6408 , G01N2201/0621 , G01N2201/0806
摘要： A multi-wavelength time-sharing apparatus usable in various different configurations of optical measuring equipment to provide a plurality of time-shared optical channels and including appropriate circuitry. The apparatus employs a turbine-driven filter wheel having a shaft position-encoding arrangement consisting of a hollow shaft portion which is internally illuminated. The hollow shaft portion has two sets of spaced apertures cyclically communicating with respective angularly spaced pairs of externally fixedly mounted phototransistors which are sequentially illuminated as the shaft portion rotates and which produce timing pulses which drive Schmitt triggers, which, in a typical embodiment, in turn produce pulses compatible with a logic circuit employed to decode the phototransistor signals into triggers for driving a 4-channel switched gain equalizer, a dark current clamp, and detector gates. Appropriate selection of the signals enables the instrument to function as a fluorometer or a spectrophotometer.
摘要翻译：一种可用于各种不同配置的光学测量设备以提供多个时间共享的光学信道并且包括适当的电路的多波长时间共享装置。该装置采用具有轴位置编码装置的涡轮驱动滤光轮，该轴位置编码装置由内部照明的中空轴部分组成。空心轴部分具有两组间隔开的孔，这些孔与相应的有角度地间隔开的外部固定安装的光电晶体管对循环连通，随着轴部分旋转，该光电晶体管依次被照亮，并且产生驱动施密特触发器的定时脉冲，在典型的实施例中，产生与用于将光电晶体管信号解码为用于驱动4通道开关增益均衡器，暗电流钳和检测器门的触发器的逻辑电路兼容的脉冲。信号的适当选择使得仪器能够用作荧光计或分光光度计。

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