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71. 发明授权

US06519774B2 Scuba wet suit with constant buoyancy 失效
公开(公告)号：US06519774B2
公开(公告)日：2003-02-18
申请号：US09877106
申请日：2001-06-11
申请人： Joan L. Mitchell
发明人： Joan L. Mitchell
IPC分类号： B63C1104
CPC分类号： B32B3/26 , A41D13/0125 , A41D31/0038 , A41D2400/14 , B32B7/04 , B32B2307/304 , B32B2437/00 , B63C11/04 , B63C2011/046
摘要： An article of insulation includes a plurality of containers supported by at least one support layer. Each of the containers have rigid walls which enclose either a vacuum or a gas. When in water, the rigid-wall containers provide insulation and buoyancy which makes the insulation ideal for clothing and wet suits. These properties may be enhanced by making the support layer from thermal insulation material and/or one which itself exhibits a desired buoyancy. The containers may be formed as beads which are spherical or non-spherical in shape, or the containers may have a tubular shape. Further, the beads may all be of the same size or the sizes may be varied to achieve desired buoyancy and/or insulation properties. A wet suit made from this insulation outperforms conventional wet suits in terms of insulation, buoyancy, comfort, safety, thinness, and functionality. An article of clothing made from this insulation may be used to keep a wearer afloat until help arrives.

72. 发明授权

US5349348A Multi-mode data stream generator 失效
标题翻译：多模式数据流生成器
公开(公告)号：US5349348A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-20
申请号：US745640
申请日：1991-08-15
申请人： Karen L. Anderson , Ian R. Finlay , Joan L. Mitchell , Davey S. Thornton
发明人： Karen L. Anderson , Ian R. Finlay , Joan L. Mitchell , Davey S. Thornton
IPC分类号： H03M7/30 , G06T9/00 , H04N1/41 , H04N1/413 , H04N7/26
CPC分类号： G06T9/007
摘要： Improved apparatus and method for encoding and decoding information is disclosed herein. The invention uses the same marker segment information to engage an encoder or a decoder. The technique eliminates many of the complexities associated with building parameter lists, and generating various types of marker segments in a form compatible with both the decode and encode processing.
摘要翻译：本文公开了用于编码和解码信息的改进的装置和方法。本发明使用相同的标记段信息来接合编码器或解码器。该技术消除了与构建参数列表相关联的许多复杂性，并且以与解码和编码处理兼容的形式生成各种类型的标记段。

73. 发明授权

US4935882A Probability adaptation for arithmetic coders 失效
标题翻译：算术编码器的概率适应
公开(公告)号：US4935882A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-19
申请号：US222332
申请日：1988-07-20
申请人： William B. Pennebaker , Joan L. Mitchell
发明人： William B. Pennebaker , Joan L. Mitchell
IPC分类号： H03M7/40
CPC分类号： H03M7/4006
摘要： Apparatus and method for adapting the estimated probability of either the less likely or more likely outcome (event) of a binary decision in a sequence of binary decisions involves the up-dating of the estimated probability in response to the renormalization of an augend A. The augend A changes value with each binary decision, the size of the change depending on which of the binary events has occurred as input. Re-normalization of A occurs when the A value becomes less than a prescribed minimum value AMIN. According to the invention, there may be differing contexts in which binary decisions may occur, each context having a corresponding estimated probability value which is up-dated with binary decisions in the respective context. Also according to the invention, there may be one or more possible next values for an estimated probability in response to a given binary decision event. The selection of one of multiple possible next values in response to a given binary decision event is preferably determined based on a renormalization correlation count.
摘要翻译：用于在二进制判决序列中调整二进制决策的不太可能或更可能的结果（事件）的估计概率的装置和方法涉及响应于加法器A的重新归一化的估计概率的更新。使用每个二进制决策来改变一个值，根据哪个二进制事件作为输入发生变化的大小。当A值变得小于规定的最小值AMIN时，A的再归一化。根据本发明，可能存在其中可能发生二进制决定的不同上下文，每个上下文具有相应的估计概率值，其在相应上下文中被二进制判定更新。同样根据本发明，响应于给定的二进制决策事件，估计概率可能存在一个或多个可能的下一个值。优选地，基于重归一化相关计数确定响应于给定二进制判定事件的多个可能的下一个值之一的选择。

74. 发明授权

US4891643A Arithmetic coding data compression/de-compression by selectively employed, diverse arithmetic coding encoders and decoders 失效
标题翻译：通过有选择地使用的各种算术编码编码器和解码器进行算术编码数据压缩/解压缩
公开(公告)号：US4891643A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-02
申请号：US907700
申请日：1986-09-15
申请人： Joan L. Mitchell , William B. Pennebaker
发明人： Joan L. Mitchell , William B. Pennebaker
IPC分类号： G06T9/00 , H03M7/40
CPC分类号： H03M7/4006 , G06T9/005
摘要： A data compression/de-compression system includes a first arithmetic coding encoder, characterized by a first set of encoding conventions, which encoder generates a code stream that points to an interval along a number line in response to decision event inputs. The code stream can be adjusted to point to the same interval as code streams generated by one or more other arithmetic coding encoders characterized by encoding conventions differing in some way from those in the first set. In a binary context, optimal hardware encoders increment or decrement the value of the code stream in response to each occurrence of a more probable decision event while optimal software so changes the code stream value for each occurrence of a less likely event. According to the invention, the code streams for optimal hardware encoders and optimal software encoders are made either identical or compatible to enable similar decoding for each. Identical or compatible code streams are obtained from encoders having different event sequence or symbol ordering along intervals on the number line. Moreover, various hardware and software decoders--with respective symbol ordering and other conventions--can be used in conjunction with encoders having respective conventions, wherein each decoder retrieves the same sequence of decisions for a code stream pointing to a given interval. In both encoding and decoding, the present invention overcomes finite precision problems of carry propagation and borrow propagation by handling data in bytes and bit stuffing at byte boundaries and by pre-borrowing as required.
摘要翻译：数据压缩/解压缩系统包括第一算术编码编码器，其特征在于第一组编码约定，编码器响应于决定事件输入产生指向沿着数行的间隔的码流。代码流可以被调整为指向与一个或多个其他算术编码编码器生成的代码流相同的间隔，其特征在于以某种方式与第一组不同的编码约定。在二进制上下文中，最佳硬件编码器响应于每次出现更可能的决策事件而增加或减少代码流的值，而最佳软件因此改变每次出现较不可能事件时的代码流值。根据本发明，用于最佳硬件编码器和最佳软件编码器的代码流被做成相同或兼容的，以便为每个编码器提供类似的解码。相同或兼容的码流从具有不同事件序列或符号顺序的编码器沿数字线上的间隔获得。此外，具有相应符号排序和其他约定的各种硬件和软件解码器可以与具有相应约定的编码器结合使用，其中每个解码器为指向给定间隔的代码流检索相同的决策序列。在编码和解码两者中，本发明通过处理字节数据和字节边界的位填充以及根据需要预先借用来克服进位传播和借位传播的有限精度问题。

75. 发明授权

US4870695A Compression and de-compression of column-interlaced, row-interlaced graylevel digital images 失效
标题翻译：列交错，行隔行灰度级数字图像的压缩和解压缩
公开(公告)号：US4870695A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-26
申请号：US284831
申请日：1988-12-13
申请人： Cesar A. Gonzales , Joan L. Mitchell , William B. Pennebaker, Jr.
发明人： Cesar A. Gonzales , Joan L. Mitchell , William B. Pennebaker, Jr.
IPC分类号： G06T9/00 , H04N7/32 , H04N7/46
CPC分类号： H04N19/59 , H04N19/124 , H04N19/50
摘要： In an image in which some pixels in some rows of an image have values associated therewith, apparatus and method of processing, for subsequent entropy coding or decoding, graylevel data for the remaining pixels in the image.
摘要翻译：在其中图像的一些行中的一些像素具有与其相关联的值的图像中，用于随后的熵编码或解码的处理图像中剩余像素的灰度数据的装置和方法。

76. 发明授权

US4725885A Adaptive graylevel image compression system 失效
标题翻译：自适应灰度图像压缩系统
公开(公告)号：US4725885A
公开(公告)日：1988-02-16
申请号：US946542
申请日：1986-12-22
申请人： Cesar A. Gonzales , Joan L. Mitchell , William B. Pennebaker
发明人： Cesar A. Gonzales , Joan L. Mitchell , William B. Pennebaker
IPC分类号： H03M7/38 , G06T9/00 , H04N7/32 , H04N7/34 , H04N7/137
CPC分类号： H04N19/124 , H04N19/50 , H04N19/593
摘要： Apparatus and method for modelling differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) input data for entropy coding. In particular, the sign and magnitude of one piece of DPCM data after another are modelled to provide a magnitude state input and a sign state input to provide context for DPCM magnitude input and DPCM sign input, respectively, to an entropy encoder or decoder. That is, the DPCM magnitudes of earlier pieces of (context) DPCM magnitude data are re-mapped for each such earlier piece of data, the re-mapped data being aggregated to form a combined value indicative of the magnitude state input. Similarly, the DPCM signs of earlier pieces of (context) DPCM sign data are re-mapped for each such earlier piece of data, the re-mapped data being aggregated to form a combined value indicative of the sign state input. In an image data compression system, the magnitude state input serves as an activity indicator for picture elements (pixels) neighboring a "subject" pixel. According to the invention, the DPCM signal is derived from a difference value calculated by subtracting one of a plurality of predictor values from the graylevel value X of the subject pixel. The selection of predictor value P is based on the value of the magnitude state (activity indicator). In addition, the difference value is subject to adaptive quantization in which one of a plurality of quantizers is employed in assigning the (X-P) difference value to a quantization level. The selection of quantizers is also based on the value of the magnitude state (activity indicator).

77. 发明授权

US4596039A Method for converting an image from a run end or run length representation to a bit map 失效
标题翻译：将图像从运行结束或运行长度表示转换为位图的方法
公开(公告)号：US4596039A
公开(公告)日：1986-06-17
申请号：US567292
申请日：1983-12-30
申请人： Joan L. Mitchell , Karen L. Anderson
发明人： Joan L. Mitchell , Karen L. Anderson
IPC分类号： G06T9/00 , H03M7/46 , H04N1/419 , G06K9/36
CPC分类号： H03M7/46 , H04N1/419
摘要： A method for converting an image from a run representation to a bit map, includes the steps of: storing a plurality of run representations of an image in a buffer; initializing a line of data; converting, by table lookup, each run representation, in said line, to a picture element representation, storing said picture element representation of said line; repeating the steps of initializing, converting and storing for remaining run representations until said image has been converted to a bit map representation.
摘要翻译：一种用于将图像从运行表示转换为位图的方法包括以下步骤：将图像的多个运行表示存储在缓冲器中; 初始化一行数据; 通过表查找将所述行中的每个游程表示转换为存储所述行的所述图像元素表示的像素表示; 重复对剩余运行表示进行初始化，转换和存储的步骤，直到所述图像被转换为位图表示。

78. 发明授权

US4382286A Method and apparatus for compressing and decompressing strings of electrical digital data bits 失效
标题翻译：用于压缩和解压缩电子数字数据位串的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4382286A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-03
申请号：US164120
申请日：1980-06-30
申请人： Joan L. Mitchell , Peter Quarendon
发明人： Joan L. Mitchell , Peter Quarendon
IPC分类号： G06F5/00 , G06T9/00 , H03M7/30 , H04N1/415 , H04N7/12
CPC分类号： H03M7/30
摘要： A compression technique for a character graphics system in which character cell definition bit strings are transmitted from a central processing unit to a display unit. Each cell is divided into a number of slices and each slice into digits. A test is made on whether to compress on a comparison with an all zero slice, the previous slice or the previous slice but one, depending upon the number of digit mismatches that occur when the comparison occurs. Slices are then compressed by comparing each digit with the corresponding digit in the comparison slice and generating a single 0 bit if the digit matches and including a 1 bit and the whole digit if a mismatch occurs. The compression in the central processing unit and the decompression in the display unit is implemented in microcoded routines.
摘要翻译：字符图形系统的压缩技术，其中字符单元定义位串从中央处理单元发送到显示单元。每个单元被分成多个切片，每个切片分成数位。测试是否根据比较发生时发生的数字不匹配的数量，与全零切片，先前切片或先前切片进行比较进行压缩。然后通过将每个数字与比较片中的相应数字进行比较来压缩切片，并且如果数字匹配并且如果匹配发生则产生单个0比特，并且包括1比特和整数。中央处理单元中的压缩和显示单元中的解压缩在微编码例程中实现。

79. 发明授权

US4369463A Gray scale image data compression with code words a function of image history 失效
标题翻译：灰度图像数据压缩与码字是图像历史的功能
公开(公告)号：US4369463A
公开(公告)日：1983-01-18
申请号：US270662
申请日：1981-06-04
申请人： Dimitris Anastassiou , Joan L. Mitchell
发明人： Dimitris Anastassiou , Joan L. Mitchell
IPC分类号： H04N1/411 , G06T9/00 , H03M7/40 , H04N1/41 , H04N7/26 , H04N7/30 , H04N7/32 , H04N7/12 , H03K13/22
CPC分类号： H03M7/4006 , H04N19/124 , H04N19/50 , H04N19/13 , H04N19/60 , H04N19/91
摘要： The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for compacting gray-scale image data which maintains extremely good picture quality and can result in typical images in a compression ratio of 5 to 1 and even better if a final step of arithmetic coding is used. The method is a special application of adaptive differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) which utilizes a prediction of smoothness surrounding a current pel to determine variable length codes to convey the quantized error. Thus, a continuously adaptive variable length code is produced which may be accurately decoded without using any further marker (code indicator) bits. For each pel and "error bit" is generated to indicate to the decoder if the predicted quantization range is adequate. These eroror bits can be further significantly compressed.This method permits the use of a "zero bit" per pel mode for the data transmission (1 "error bit" per pel actually transmitted) and provides for the automatic detection of the particular variable length compression code utilized for transmitting the quantized error (E.sub.Y) for a particular pel. Utilizing the concepts of the present invention the inventors have obtained compression rates of approximately 1.5 bits per pel that produce a gray scale image at the decoding end of such a data transmission or storage system which has excellent quality (equal to 5 bit DPCM).By adding the concept of arithmetic coding to the previously set forth method, due to the nature of the statistical distribution of said special purpose error bit patterns, a compressed data set of less than 1 bit per pel has been achieved. This was produced from an original 8 bit per pel gray scale image.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种用于压缩灰度图像数据的方法和装置，其保持非常好的图像质量，并且如果使用算术编码的最后步骤，则可以以5比1的压缩比导致典型图像，甚至更好。该方法是自适应差分脉冲编码调制（DPCM）的特殊应用，其利用对当前像素周围的平滑度的预测来确定可变长度码来传达量化误差。因此，产生连续自适应可变长度码，其可以被准确地解码，而不使用任何进一步的标记（码指示符）比特。对于每个像素，并且生成“错误位”以向解码器指示预测量化范围是否足够。这些错误位可以被进一步显着压缩。该方法允许使用每像素“零比特”进行数据传输（实际发送每像素1个“误差比特”），并且提供用于发送量化误差的特定可变长度压缩码的自动检测（EY ）为特定的像素。利用本发明的概念，本发明人获得了在具有优良质量（等于5位DPCM）的这种数据传输或存储系统的解码端产生灰度图像的大约每像素大约1.5位的压缩率。通过将算术编码的概念添加到先前提出的方法中，由于所述专用误差位模式的统计分布的性质，已经实现了每像素小于1位的压缩数据集。这是从原始的8位每像素灰度图像生成的。

80. 发明授权

UST985005I4 Two-dimensional image data compression and decompression system 失效
标题翻译：二维图像数据压缩和解压缩系统
公开(公告)号：UST985005I4
公开(公告)日：1979-08-07
申请号：US951532
申请日：1978-10-16
申请人： Gerald Goertzel , Joan L. Mitchell
发明人： Gerald Goertzel , Joan L. Mitchell
IPC分类号： G06T9/00 , H04N1/417 , H04N7/32 , H04N11/04
CPC分类号： H04N11/042 , H04N1/4175 , H04N19/93
摘要： a dual-mode encoding and decoding procedure enables image data to be compressed optionally in one-dimensional (1D) mode or two-dimensional (2D) mode. In 1D mode, color transitions in the image are encoded as run length features only. In 2D mode, the transitions are encoded as vertical correlation features wherever possible, and where this is not possible, the transitions are encoded as run length features. The compression achieved by run length encoding in 2D mode may be enhanced in those instances where the "history line" which precedes the current scan line contains a transition located between points that are vertically aligned with the beginning and end points of the run currently being encoded. Run length counting is suspended for those pels in the current run that could have been referenced to the history transition if the run had ended with any of these pels, thereby enabling the run to be encoded as though it contained fewer pels than its actual length. Compression may be enhanced still further by dynamically interchanging the variable-length bit patterns respectively representing certain vertical correlation and run length prefix codes depending upon whether the preceding transition was encoded as a vertical correlation feature or a run length feature.

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