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72. 发明授权

US06323942B1 CMOS-compatible three-dimensional image sensor IC 有权
标题翻译： CMOS兼容三维图像传感器IC
公开(公告)号：US06323942B1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-27
申请号：US09401059
申请日：1999-09-22
申请人： Cyrus Bamji
发明人： Cyrus Bamji
IPC分类号： G01C308
CPC分类号： G06K9/224 , G01C3/08 , G01S7/4802 , G01S7/486 , G01S7/497 , G01S17/10 , G01S17/105 , G01S17/46 , G01S17/89
摘要： A three-dimensional imaging system includes a two-dimensional array of pixel light sensing detectors and dedicated electronics and associated processing circuitry fabricated on a common IC using CMOS fabrication techniques. In one embodiment, each detector has an associated high speed counter that accumulates clock pulses in number directly proportional to time of flight (TOF) for a system-emitted pulse to reflect from an object point and be detected by a pixel detector focused upon that point. The TOF data provides a direct digital measure of distance from the particular pixel to a point on the object reflecting the emitted light pulse. In a second embodiment, the counters and high speed clock circuits are eliminated, and instead each pixel detector is provided with a charge accumulator and an electronic shutter. The shutters are opened when a light pulse is emitted and closed thereafter such that each pixel detector accumulates charge as a function of return photon energy falling upon the associated pixel detector. The amount of accumulated charge provides a direct measure of round-trip TOF. In either embodiment, the collection of TOF data permits reconstruction of the three-dimensional topography of the light-reflecting surface of the object being imaged. The CMOS nature of the array permits random-order readout of TOF data if desired. Using a light source of a known wavelength and filtering out incoming light of other wavelengths permits use of the system with or without ambient light.
摘要翻译：三维成像系统包括使用CMOS制造技术在公共IC上制造的像素光感测检测器和专用电子器件和相关联的处理电路的二维阵列。在一个实施例中，每个检测器具有相关联的高速计数器，其累积与飞行时间成正比的数字时钟脉冲（TOF），用于系统发射的脉冲从物点反射并由聚焦于该点的像素检测器检测。 TOF数据提供从特定像素到反射发射光脉冲的物体上的点的距离的直接数字测量。在第二实施例中，消除了计数器和高速时钟电路，而是每个像素检测器设置有电荷累加器和电子快门。当发出光脉冲时，快门打开，此后关闭，使得每个像素检测器累积作为落在相关联的像素检测器上的返回光子能量的函数的电荷。累计费用的数量可以直接衡量往返TOF。在任一实施例中，TOF数据的收集允许重建被成像物体的光反射表面的三维形貌。如果需要，阵列的CMOS性质允许TOF数据的随机顺序读出。使用已知波长的光源并滤除其他波长的入射光，可以使用带或不带环境光的系统。

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