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71. 发明授权

US08673513B2 Determining duration of fuel cell shutdown hydrogen stabilization by counting coulombs 有权
标题翻译：通过计数库仑确定燃料电池关闭氢稳定的持续时间
公开(公告)号：US08673513B2
公开(公告)日：2014-03-18
申请号：US12998452
申请日：2008-12-04
申请人： Carl A. Reiser
发明人： Carl A. Reiser
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04097 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04303 , H01M8/04559 , H01M8/04589 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04947 , H01M8/04955 , H01M8/2484 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： A process for shutting down a fuel cell power plant (5) shuts off (40) process air, recycles (44-46) air exhaust 42 to air inlets 34, and connects an auxiliary load to the stack (6). Coulombs are counted by integrating (17) current (73) or voltage (75) to the load to determine when all oxygen in the air side (10, 27, 30, 34, 42, 44-47) of the power plant is consumed and a desired concentration of hydrogen is transferred to the air side of the power plant. The speed of the shutdown processes may be increased by increasing fuel pressure (15) or adding a battery (78) in series with the auxiliary load.
摘要翻译：关闭燃料电池发电厂（5）的过程关闭（40）处理空气，将排气42再循环（44-46）到空气入口34，并将辅助负载连接到堆（6）。通过将（17）电流（73）或电压（75）积分到负载来计算库仑，以确定发电厂的空气侧（10,27,30,44,44-47）中的所有氧气是否消耗并且将期望的氢浓度转移到发电厂的空气侧。关闭过程的速度可以通过增加与辅助负载串联的燃料压力（15）或增加电池（78）来增加。

72. 发明申请

US20130320910A1 CONTROLLING PEM FUEL CELL VOLTAGE DURING POWER TRANSITIONS AND IDLING 有权
标题翻译：在功率转换和定位期间控制PEM燃料电池电压
公开(公告)号：US20130320910A1
公开(公告)日：2013-12-05
申请号：US13261721
申请日：2011-02-25
申请人： Carl A. Reiser
发明人： Carl A. Reiser
IPC分类号： H01M8/04 , H02J7/00 , H01M16/00
CPC分类号： H01M8/04619 , B60L11/1881 , B60L11/1887 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04302 , H01M8/04303 , H01M8/04552 , H01M8/04559 , H01M8/04626 , H01M8/04656 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04873 , H01M8/0488 , H01M8/0494 , H01M8/04947 , H01M16/003 , H01M16/006 , H01M2008/1095 , H01M2250/20 , H02J7/0052 , Y02E60/50 , Y02T90/32 , Y02T90/34
摘要： The controller (185) of a fuel cell stack (151) in a vehicle (150) responds to lower demand to cause a diverter (172) to direct all air from the cathodes (19) except as required to generate sufficient power to limit cell voltage to a safe idle voltage threshold, cause storage in an energy storage system (201) sufficient to limit cell voltage to the idle voltage threshold unless SOC is too high, connects a voltage limiting load (220) to the stack sized to consume all power not consumed by auxiliary BOP, or, for longer idles, air-starves the stack and powers BOP from storage. In response to increase in a demand signal, the controller causes flow of all air to the cathodes. In response to an off signal (223) or a start signal (193) the controller causes a shutdown routine or a startup routine in each of which all generated power is stored to maintain fuel cell voltage below a threshold, or is consumed in the voltage limiting load.
摘要翻译：车辆（150）中的燃料电池堆（151）的控制器（185）响应较低的需求，以使转向器（172）除了根据需要引导来自阴极（19）的所有空气以产生足够的功率以限制电池电压到安全的空闲电压阈值，导致存储在能量存储系统（201）中，足以将电池电压限制到空闲电压阈值，除非SOC太高，将电压限制负载（220）连接到大小为消耗所有功率的电池不被辅助BOP消耗，或者对于较长的空闲时间，空气对堆叠进行空气调节并对储存空间进行BOP供电。响应于需求信号的增加，控制器使所有空气流向阴极。响应于关闭信号（223）或启动信号（193），控制器引起关闭程序或启动程序，其中存储所有发电功率，以将燃料电池电压维持在阈值以下，或者在电压中消耗限制负载。

73. 发明授权

US08124287B2 Controlling an amount of liquid within a fuel cell 有权
标题翻译：控制燃料电池内的液体量
公开(公告)号：US08124287B2
公开(公告)日：2012-02-28
申请号：US12516398
申请日：2006-12-22
申请人： Ryan J. Balliet , Carl A. Reiser , Timothy W. Patterson
发明人： Ryan J. Balliet , Carl A. Reiser , Timothy W. Patterson
IPC分类号： H01M8/06
CPC分类号： H01M8/04291 , H01M8/04731 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04828 , H01M8/0488 , H01M8/0491
摘要： A method of controlling an amount of liquid in a fuel cell includes increasing the oxygen utilization within the fuel cell to increase heat. The heat reduces the amount of liquid in the fuel cell. A disclosed example method includes decreasing a supply of air to the fuel cell to lower a fuel cell voltage by increasing the oxygen utilization. The example method includes maintaining an essentially electrical current density while decreasing the supply of air.
摘要翻译：控制燃料电池中的液体量的方法包括增加燃料电池内的氧气利用率以增加热量。热量减少燃料电池中的液体量。所公开的示例方法包括通过增加氧气利用来减少向燃料电池供应空气以降低燃料电池电压。该示例性方法包括在减少空气供应的同时保持基本上电流密度。

74. 发明授权

US07976997B2 Robust heating of fuel cells during subfreezing start 有权
标题翻译：在冷冻启动期间燃料电池的稳定加热
公开(公告)号：US07976997B2
公开(公告)日：2011-07-12
申请号：US12448628
申请日：2006-12-26
申请人： Carl A. Reiser
发明人： Carl A. Reiser
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04268 , H01M8/04037 , H01M8/04253
摘要： The electrical output connections (155, 158) of a fuel cell stack (151) are short circuited (200; 211, 212) during start up from freezing temperatures. Before the stack is short circuited, fuel is provided in excess of stoichiometric amount for a limiting stack current, and oxidant is provided to assure stoichiometric amount for the limiting stack current.
摘要翻译：燃料电池堆（151）的电输出连接（155,158）在从冷冻温度启动时短路（200; 211,212）。在堆栈短路之前，提供超过化学计量量的燃料用于限制堆电流，并且提供氧化剂以确保限制堆电流的化学计量量。

75. 发明申请

US20110129749A1 MULTI-POINT FUEL CELL VOLTAGE MONITOR 有权
标题翻译：多点燃料电池电压监视器
公开(公告)号：US20110129749A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-02
申请号：US12735101
申请日：2007-12-24
申请人： Carl A. Reiser
发明人： Carl A. Reiser
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04552 , H01M8/04559 , H01M8/04671 , H01M8/04679 , H01M8/04701 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04768 , H01M8/0494 , Y02E60/50
摘要： A fuel cell voltage monitor (12a, 12b, 40, 140, 440) detects and may respond to, a problematic operating condition at or near a fuel cell (10) or within a subset (n) of fuel cells, as in a fuel cell stack assembly (110). Two or more co-planar, spaced voltage leads or contacts in a fuel cell plane, as at a separator plate, detect the presence of a voltage difference within the plate/plane as an indication of an operating problem at or near the fuel cell. Placement of such arrangements of at least two spaced voltage leads at various subset intervals (n), of fuel cells in a stack assembly allow monitoring for such problems throughout the stack assembly, either by analysis of voltage difference between co-planar leads at respective individual fuel cells or by comparison of voltage differences between aligned pairs of voltage leads at opposite ends of a subset.
摘要翻译：燃料电池电压监视器（12a，12b，40,140,440）检测并响应燃料电池（10）处或其附近或燃料电池子集（n）内的有问题的操作条件，如燃料电池堆组件（110）。在分隔板处，在燃料电池平面中的两个或更多个共平面的间隔开的电压引线或触点检测在板/平面内的电压差的存在，作为在燃料电池处或其附近的操作问题的指示。在堆叠组件中的燃料电池的各种子集间隔（n）处布置至少两个间隔的电压引线，允许通过分析各个单独的共平面引线之间的电压差来监测整个堆叠组件中的这些问题燃料电池或通过比较在子集的相对端的对齐的电压引线对之间的电压差。

76. 发明授权

US07931996B2 Fuel cell with randomly-dispersed carbon fibers in a backing layer 有权
标题翻译：具有背衬层中随机分散的碳纤维的燃料电池
公开(公告)号：US07931996B2
公开(公告)日：2011-04-26
申请号：US11638147
申请日：2006-12-13
申请人： Carl A. Reiser
发明人： Carl A. Reiser
IPC分类号： H01M8/02 , H01M8/10
CPC分类号： H01M8/0234 , H01M8/0239 , H01M8/0243 , H01M8/1004 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： A fuel cell (40) includes first and second catalysts (12′), (14′) secured to opposed surfaces of an electrolyte (16′); a first flow field (26′) secured in fluid communication with the first catalyst (12′) defining a plurality of flow channels (30A′, 30B′, 30C′, 30D′) between a plurality of ribs (32A′, 32B′, 32C′, 32D′, 32E′) of the first flow field (26′); and a backing layer (42) secured between the first flow field (26′) and the first catalyst (12′). The backing layer (42) includes a carbon black, a hydrophobic polymer, and randomly-dispersed carbon fibers (44). The carbon fibers (44) are at least twice as long as a width (46) of the flow channels (30A′, 30B′, 30C′, 30D′) defined in the adjacent first flow field (26′). The backing layer (42) replaces a known substrate (22) and diffusion layer (18).
摘要翻译：燃料电池（40）包括固定在电解质（16'）的相对表面上的第一和第二催化剂（12'），（14'）。与第一催化剂（12'）流体连通地固定的第一流场（26'），其在多个肋（32A'，32B'）之间限定多个流动通道（30A'，30B'，30C'，30D' ，32C'，32D'，32E'）; 和固定在第一流场（26'）和第一催化剂（12'）之间的背衬层（42）。背衬层（42）包括炭黑，疏水聚合物和随机分散的碳纤维（44）。碳纤维（44）至少是在相邻的第一流场（26'）中限定的流动通道（30A'，30B'，30C'，30D'）的宽度（46）的两倍。背衬层（42）代替已知的基底（22）和扩散层（18）。

77. 发明申请

US20110039178A1 Fuel cell having a hydrophilic substrate layer 审中-公开
标题翻译：具有亲水基底层的燃料电池
公开(公告)号：US20110039178A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-17
申请号：US12925217
申请日：2010-10-14
申请人： Timothy A. Bekkedahl , Lawrence J. Bregoli , Ned E. Cipollini , Timothy W. Patterson , Marianne Pemberton , Jonathan Puhalski , Carl A. Reiser , Richard D. Sawyer , Margaret M. Steinbugler , Jung S. Yi
发明人： Timothy A. Bekkedahl , Lawrence J. Bregoli , Ned E. Cipollini , Timothy W. Patterson , Marianne Pemberton , Jonathan Puhalski , Carl A. Reiser , Richard D. Sawyer , Margaret M. Steinbugler , Jung S. Yi
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04029 , H01M8/0243 , H01M8/0245 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0271 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1007 , H01M2008/1095 , H01M2250/10 , Y02B90/14
摘要： A fuel cell power plant (10) includes a fuel cell (12) having a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) (16), disposed between an anode support plate (14) and a cathode support plate (18), the anode and/or cathode support plates include a hydrophilic substrate layer (80, 82) having a predetermined pore size. The pressure of the reactant gas streams (22, 24) is greater than the pressure of the coolant stream (26), such that a greater percentage of the pores within the hydrophilic substrate layer contain reactant gas rather than water. Any water that forms on the cathode side of the MEA will migrate through the cathode support plate and away from the MEA. Controlling the pressure also ensures that the coolant water will continually migrate from the coolant stream toward the anode side of the MEA, thereby preventing the membrane from becoming dry. Proper pore size and a pressure differential between coolant and reactants improves the electrical efficiency of the fuel cell.
摘要翻译：燃料电池发电厂（10）包括具有设置在阳极支撑板（14）和阴极支撑板（18）之间的膜电极组件（MEA）（16））的燃料电池（12），阳极和/或阴极支撑板包括具有预定孔径的亲水基底层（80,82）。反应物气体流（22,24）的压力大于冷却剂流（26）的压力，使得亲水基底层内的较大百分比的孔含有反应物气体而不是水。在MEA的阴极侧形成的任何水将通过阴极支撑板迁移并远离MEA。控制压力还可确保冷却水从冷却剂流向MEA的阳极侧连续迁移，从而防止膜变干。冷却剂和反应物之间适当的孔径和压力差提高了燃料电池的电效率。

78. 发明申请

US20110003222A1 HYDROGEN PASSIVATION SHUT DOWN SYSTEM FOR A FUEL CELL POWER PLANT 有权
标题翻译：用于燃料电池的氢气灭火系统
公开(公告)号：US20110003222A1
公开(公告)日：2011-01-06
申请号：US12880493
申请日：2010-09-13
申请人： Paul R. Margiott , Francis R. Preli, JR. , Galen W. Kulp , Michael L. Perry , Carl A. Reiser , Ryan J. Balliet
发明人： Paul R. Margiott , Francis R. Preli, JR. , Galen W. Kulp , Michael L. Perry , Carl A. Reiser , Ryan J. Balliet
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04303 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04302 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： The invention is a hydrogen passivation shut down system for a fuel cell power plant (10). An anode flow path (24) is in fluid communication with an anode catalyst (14) for directing hydrogen fuel to flow adjacent to the anode catalyst (14), and a cathode flow path (38) is in fluid communication with a cathode catalyst (16) for directing an oxidant to flow adjacent to the cathode catalyst (16) of a fuel cell (12). Hydrogen fuel is permitted to transfer between the anode flow path (24) and the cathode flow path (38). A hydrogen reservoir (66) is secured in fluid communication with the anode flow path (24) for receiving and storing hydrogen during fuel cell (12) operation, and for releasing the hydrogen into the fuel cell (12) whenever the fuel cell (12) is shut down.
摘要翻译：本发明是用于燃料电池发电厂（10）的氢钝化关闭系统。阳极流动路径（24）与阳极催化剂（14）流体连通，用于引导氢燃料相邻于阳极催化剂（14）流动，并且阴极流动路径（38）与阴极催化剂 16），用于引导氧化剂流过邻近燃料电池（12）的阴极催化剂（16）。允许氢燃料在阳极流路（24）和阴极流路（38）之间传递。储氢器（66）被固定成与阳极流动路径（24）流体连通，用于在燃料电池（12）操作期间接收和储存氢气，并且每当燃料电池（12）被释放时，氢气释放到燃料电池）被关闭。

79. 发明申请

US20100086811A1 CONTROLLING AN AMOUNT OF LIQUID WITHIN A FUEL CELL 有权
标题翻译：在燃料电池中控制液体量
公开(公告)号：US20100086811A1
公开(公告)日：2010-04-08
申请号：US12516398
申请日：2006-12-22
申请人： Ryan J. Balliet , Carl A. Reiser , Timothy W. Patterson
发明人： Ryan J. Balliet , Carl A. Reiser , Timothy W. Patterson
IPC分类号： H01M8/00 , H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04291 , H01M8/04731 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04828 , H01M8/0488 , H01M8/0491
摘要： A method of controlling an amount of liquid in a fuel cell includes increasing the oxygen utilization within the fuel cell to increase heat. The heat reduces the amount of liquid in the fuel cell. A disclosed example method includes decreasing a supply of air to the fuel cell to lower a fuel cell voltage by increasing the oxygen utilization. The example method includes maintaining an essentially electrical current density while decreasing the supply of air.
摘要翻译：控制燃料电池中的液体量的方法包括增加燃料电池内的氧气利用率以增加热量。热量减少燃料电池中的液体量。所公开的示例方法包括通过增加氧气利用来减少向燃料电池供应空气以降低燃料电池电压。该示例性方法包括在减少空气供应的同时保持基本上电流密度。

80. 发明授权

US06858337B2 Reversible fuel cell power plant 失效
标题翻译：可逆燃料电池发电厂
公开(公告)号：US06858337B2
公开(公告)日：2005-02-22
申请号：US10330815
申请日：2002-12-27
申请人： Carl A. Reiser
发明人： Carl A. Reiser
IPC分类号： H01M8/00 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/10 , H01M8/18 , H02J20060101
CPC分类号： H01M8/18 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0263 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04186 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/2457 , H01M8/2483 , Y02E60/528
摘要： The invention is a reversible fuel cell power plant (10). A reactant switch-over assembly (48) is secured between a reducing fluid fuel source (30), an oxygen containing oxidant source (24), and first and second flow fields (20) (22) of a fuel cell (12). The switch-over assembly (48) first directs a reducing fluid fuel stream to flow into the first flow field (20) while it simultaneously directs the oxygen containing oxidant stream to flow into the second flow field (22). Then, after a first half of a useful life span of the fuel cell (12) but before a final one quarter of the useful life span, the switch-over assembly (48) directs the reducing fluid fuel stream to flow into the second flow field (22) while it simultaneously directs the oxygen containing oxidant stream to flow into the first flow field (20).
摘要翻译：本发明是可逆燃料电池发电厂（10）。反应物切换组件（48）固定在燃料电池（12）的还原流体燃料源（30），含氧氧化剂源（24）和第一和第二流场（20）（22）之间。切换组件（48）首先引导还原流体燃料流流入第一流场（20），同时引导含氧氧化剂流流入第二流场（22）。然后，在燃料电池（12）的使用寿命的前半段之后但在使用寿命的最后四分之一之间，切换组件（48）引导还原流体燃料流流入第二流场（22），同时引导含氧氧化剂流流入第一流场（20）。

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