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    • 62. 发明授权
    • Method and apparatus for manufacturing monocrystalline articles
    • 制造单晶制品的方法和装置
    • US3857436A
    • 1974-12-31
    • US33220873
    • 1973-02-13
    • PETROV DTUMANOV A
    • PETROV DTUMANOV A
    • B22D27/04B22D25/06
    • B22D27/045
    • A method comprising pouring of molten metal into a mould, cooling of its base and subsequent cooling of the mould from the bottom up for crystallization of the melt. This method is carried out in an apparatus comprising a mould having a main cavity ''''A'''' following the shape of an article, and an auxiliary cavity ''''B'''' made in the form of a downwardly diverging truncated cone which has a horizontally extending wedge-shaped projection disposed at the lower base of the cone. The mould base is cooled by gradually moving a chill from the underside towards the mould. In so doing a sole natural nucleus of the article crystal is formed at the point of the wedge-shaped projection, which rapidly propagates over the perimeter of the base thereby preventing the formation of parasitic crystals.
    • 一种方法,包括将熔融金属浇注到模具中,冷却其底部并随后从下向上冷却模具以使熔体结晶。 该方法在包括具有随着制品形状的主腔“A”的模具和以向下发散的截锥体形式形成的辅助腔“B”的装置中进行,所述辅助腔“B”具有水平延伸的楔形 突起设置在锥体的下基部处。 通过从下侧向模具逐渐移动冷却物来冷却模具底座。 在这样做时,在楔形突起的点处形成晶体的唯一天然核,其快速传播在基底的周边上,从而防止寄生晶体的形成。
    • 63. 发明授权
    • Method for directional solidification
    • 方向固化方法
    • US3810504A
    • 1974-05-14
    • US34669173
    • 1973-03-30
    • TRW INC
    • PIWONKA T
    • B22D27/04C30B11/00B22D25/06
    • B22D27/045C30B11/002C30B11/003
    • Method and apparatus for improving the prodution rate of directionally solidified castings employing an annular mold having one or more molding cavities therein and a pair of heat radiating elements disposed concentrically with the mold, one being located inside and the other being located outside the mold, the heat radiating elements being arranged so that no temperature gradient exists across the mold. A pair of heat sinks is provided, the heat sinks being coaxial with the two heat radiating elements. Means are provided for causing relative movement between the annular mold and the heat radiating elements and the coaxially aligned heat sinks. The annular mold is positioned on a highly heat conductive pedestal or chill. The mold is preheated by the heat radiating elements to a temperature above the solidification temperature of the metal to be cast. After casting, the solidification of the metal progresses upwardly from the chill and the relative movement between the annular mold and the heat radiator-heat sink combination causes the solidification innerface to occur at or near the boundary between the heat radiators and the heat sinks. A baffle is advantageously positioned at this boundary to prevent heat being radiated from the heat radiators to the heat sinks. The solidified metal in passing through the heat sinks radiates heat uniformly to the heat sinks so as to prevent a lateral or radial thermal gradient across the mold during solidification of the metal therein.
    • 使用其中具有一个或多个模制腔的环形模具来改善定向凝固铸件的生产率的方法和装置,以及与模具同心设置的一对散热元件,一个位于模具内部,另一个位于模具外部, 热辐射元件被布置成使得模具之间不存在温度梯度。 提供了一对散热器,散热器与两个散热元件同轴。 提供了用于引起环形模具与散热元件和同轴对准的散热器之间的相对运动的装置。 环形模具位于高度导热的基座或冷却槽上。 将模具通过散热元件预热至高于待铸造金属凝固温度的温度。 在铸造之后,金属的凝固从冷却向上进行,并且环形模具和散热器 - 散热器组合之间的相对运动导致凝固内表面发生在散热器和散热器之间的边界处或附近。 挡板有利地位于该边界处,以防止热量从散热器辐射到散热器。 穿过散热器的凝固金属将热量均匀地辐射到散热片,以便在其内的金属固化期间防止跨模具的横向或径向热梯度。
    • 64. 发明授权
    • Apparatus for unidirectionally solidifying metals
    • 用于非常方便地固化金属的装置
    • US3770047A
    • 1973-11-06
    • US3770047D
    • 1972-01-10
    • TRW
    • MARCUS BKIRKPATRICK MPIWONKA T
    • B22D27/04B22D25/06
    • B22D27/045
    • A pair of annular heat pipes are arranged end-to-end around a casting mold. One of the heat pipes is heated above the liquidus temperature of the alloy to be cast, while the other heat pipe is heated below the solidus temperature of the alloy. A chill is placed at one end of the mold to cool the alloy unidirectionally. A sharp temperature gradient that is virtually a step function is produced at the junction of the two heat pipes which results in greater control over the region of solidification of the alloy as the heat pipes are moved to cool and solidify the alloy.
    • 一对环形热管围绕铸模端对端设置。 其中一根热管被加热到要铸造的合金的液相线温度以上,而另一根热管被加热到合金的固相线温度以下。 将冷却物放置在模具的一端以单向冷却合金。 在两个热管的接合处产生实际上是阶梯功能的急剧的温度梯度,这导致当热管移动以冷却和固化合金时,合金的凝固区域的更大的控制。