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    • 61. 发明授权
    • Process for preparing pyromellitic dianhydride
    • 制备均苯四甲酸二酐的方法
    • US5387699A
    • 1995-02-07
    • US171813
    • 1993-12-22
    • Werner WagnerFrank MullerHans-Jurgen EberleFranz Grundei
    • Werner WagnerFrank MullerHans-Jurgen EberleFranz Grundei
    • B01J27/14B01J23/20B01J23/22B01J27/198C07B61/00C07C51/265C07D493/04C07D493/00C07C51/16
    • C07C51/265B01J23/002B01J23/20B01J23/22B01J27/198B01J2523/00
    • The invention relates to a process for preparing pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) by heterogeneously catalyzed oxidation in the gas phase by means of a gas containing molecular oxygen. The process involves oxidizing benzaldehydes which are 2,4,5-trialkylated by C.sub.1 - to C.sub.3 -alkyl groups or mixtures of benzaldehydes which are 2,4,5-trialkylated by C.sub.1 - to C.sub.3 -alkyl groups and benzenes which are 1,2,4,5-tetraalkylated by C.sub.1 - to C.sub.3 -alkyl groups in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst contains as active components 5% to 95% by weight of one or more transition-metal oxides of sub-group IV of the Periodic Table of the Elements, from 1% to 50% by weight of one or more transition-metal oxides of sub-group V of the Periodic Table of the Elements. The catalyst also contains from 0% to 10% by weight of one or more oxides of elements of main group I of the Periodic Table of the Elements and/or from 0% to 50% by weight of one or more oxides of elements of main groups III, IV and V of the Periodic Table of the Elements and of elements of sub-groups VI and VII of the Periodic Table of the Elements. The indicated percentages by weight are based in each case on the total weight of the active components and add to 100% by weight.
    • 本发明涉及通过含有分子氧的气体在气相中通过非均相催化氧化制备均苯四酸二酐(PMDA)的方法。 该方法包括氧化通过C 1至C 3 - 烷基2,4,5-三烷基化的苯甲醛或通过C 1至C 3 - 烷基基团2,4,5-三烷基化的苯甲醛的混合物和1,2 ,在催化剂存在下由C 1至C 3 - 烷基4,5-四烷基化。 催化剂含有作为元素周期表第IV族的一种或多种过渡金属氧化物的5重量%至95重量%的活性组分,1重量%至50重量%的一种或多种过渡金属氧化物 元素周期表V组。 该催化剂还含有0%至10%重量的元素周期表中主要I族元素的一种或多种氧化物和/或0%至50%重量的一种或多种主要元素氧化物 元素周期表第III,IV和V族元素元素周期表第VI和VII族元素。 所示的重量百分比基于每种情况下的活性组分的总重量,并加入100重量%。
    • 68. 发明授权
    • Method for protecting a portable card
    • 保护便携式卡的方法
    • US07159245B1
    • 2007-01-02
    • US10019344
    • 2000-05-19
    • Frank MullerGerrit Roelofsen
    • Frank MullerGerrit Roelofsen
    • G06F1/26H04K1/00H04L9/00
    • H03K3/84G06K19/07363H04L9/0668H04L9/12
    • A method for protecting a portable card, provided with at least a crypto algorithm for enciphering data and/or authenticating the card, against deriving the secret key through statistical analysis of its information leaking away to the outside world in the event of cryptographic operations, such as power-consumption data, electromagnetic radiation and the like. The card is provided with at least a shift register having a linear and a non-linear feedback function for creating cryptographic algorithms. An algorithm is applied to the card, which is constructed in such a manner that the collection of values of recorded leak-information signals is resistant to deriving the secret key from statistical analysis of those values. Advantageously, after the key has been loaded into the shift register, the shift register clocks on, using at least the linear-feedback function. A suitable alternative is loading only the key into the shift register in the event of a fixed content of the shift register.
    • 一种用于保护便携式卡的方法,该便携式卡至少具有用于加密数据和/或认证卡的加密算法,以便在密码操作的情况下通过对泄密到外部世界的信息的统计分析来导出秘密密钥,例如 作为功​​耗数据,电磁辐射等。 该卡至少设置有具有用于创建加密算法的线性和非线性反馈功能的移位寄存器。 一种算法被应用于卡,其被构造成使得记录的泄漏信息信号的值的收集抵抗从这些值的统计分析中导出秘密密钥。 有利地,在钥匙已经被加载到移位寄存器中之后,移位寄存器使用至少线性反馈功能来计时。 一个合适的替代方案是在移位寄存器的固定内容的情况下仅将密钥加载到移位寄存器中。