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51. 发明授权

US07782318B2 Method for reducing network bandwidth by delaying shadow ray generation 有权
标题翻译：通过延迟阴影线生成来减少网络带宽的方法
公开(公告)号：US07782318B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-24
申请号：US11562629
申请日：2006-11-22
申请人： Robert Allen Shearer
发明人： Robert Allen Shearer
IPC分类号： G06T15/50
CPC分类号： G06T15/06
摘要： The present invention provides methods and apparatus in a ray tracing image processing system to reduce the amount of information passed between processing elements. According to embodiments of the invention, in response to a ray-primitive intersection, a first processing element in the image processing system may generate a portion of secondary rays and a second processing element may generate a second portion of secondary rays. The first processing element may generate reflected and refracted rays and the second processing element may generate shadow rays. The first processing element may send a ray-primitive intersection point to the second processing element so that the second processing element may generate the shadow rays. By only sending the intersection point to the second processing element, in contrast to sending a plurality of shadow rays, the amount of information communicated between the two processing elements may be reduced.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种光线跟踪图像处理系统中的方法和装置，以减少在处理元件之间传递的信息量。根据本发明的实施例，响应于光线原语相交，图像处理系统中的第一处理元件可以产生二次光线的一部分，并且第二处理元件可以产生次级光线的第二部分。第一处理元件可以产生反射和折射光线，并且第二处理元件可以产生阴影光线。第一处理元件可以向第二处理元件发送光线原始交点，使得第二处理元件可以产生阴影光线。通过仅发送交叉点到第二处理元件，与发送多个阴影光线相反，可以减少在两个处理元件之间传送的信息量。

52. 发明授权

US07773087B2 Dynamically configuring and selecting multiple ray tracing intersection methods 有权
标题翻译：动态配置和选择多个光线跟踪交点方法
公开(公告)号：US07773087B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-10
申请号：US11737156
申请日：2007-04-19
申请人： David Keith Fowler , Robert Allen Shearer
发明人： David Keith Fowler , Robert Allen Shearer
IPC分类号： G06T15/00
CPC分类号： G06T15/06
摘要： Embodiments of the invention provide methods and apparatus to determine a coordinate system to use when traversing rays through a portion of a spatial index corresponding to a dynamic object which has a unique object coordinate system. An image processing system may take into consideration a number of factors including, but not limited to, a distance form a viewpoint to the dynamic object, a distance from the origin of the world coordinate system to the object coordinate system, a rate of traversal of the dynamic object, and a number of primitives which make up the object. These factors alone or together may indicate whether it is more efficient to perform ray intersection tests in an object coordinate system or in a world coordinate system. Embodiments of the invention may update a spatial index according to the selected coordinate system.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例提供了确定在穿过与具有唯一对象坐标系的动态对象相对应的空间索引的一部分的光线时使用的坐标系的方法和装置。图像处理系统可以考虑多个因素，包括但不限于对于动态对象的视点的距离，从世界坐标系的原点到对象坐标系的距离，遍历的速度动态对象，以及构成对象的多个图元。这些因素单独或一起可以指示在对象坐标系或世界坐标系中执行射线相交测试是否更有效。本发明的实施例可以根据所选择的坐标系来更新空间索引。

53. 发明申请

US20080192054A1 Combined Spatial Index for Static and Dynamic Objects Within a Three-Dimensional Scene 有权
标题翻译：三维场景内静态和动态对象的组合空间索引
公开(公告)号：US20080192054A1
公开(公告)日：2008-08-14
申请号：US11674821
申请日：2007-02-14
申请人： David Keith Fowler , Eric Michael Radzikowski , Robert Allen Shearer
发明人： David Keith Fowler , Eric Michael Radzikowski , Robert Allen Shearer
IPC分类号： G06T15/10
CPC分类号： G06T15/40 , G06T15/06 , G06T2210/61
摘要： Embodiments of the invention create links or branches from a static spatial index which partitions a three-dimensional scene based on the position of static objects to a dynamic object spatial index which partitions a three-dimensional scene based on the position of dynamic objects in a three-dimensional scene. By branching from the static spatial index to the dynamic object spatial index, the image processing system may create a single combined spatial index or a combined acceleration data structure. The combined spatial index may contain information which partitions the three-dimensional scene with respect to both static objects and dynamic objects within the three-dimensional scene. When performing ray tracing, the image processing system may only need to traverse rays issued into the three-dimensional scene through the combined spatial index to determine if the ray intersects either static objects or dynamic objects within the three-dimensional scene.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例从静态空间索引创建链接或分支，其将基于静态对象的位置的三维场景划分为动态对象空间索引，该动态对象空间索引基于三维场景中的动态对象的位置来划分三维场景维度场景通过从静态空间索引到动态对象空间索引的分支，图像处理系统可以创建单个组合空间索引或组合加速度数据结构。组合空间索引可以包含相对于三维场景内的静态对象和动态对象分割三维场景的信息。当执行光线跟踪时，图像处理系统可能仅需要通过组合空间索引遍历发射到三维场景中的光线，以确定光线是否与三维场景内的静态对象或动态对象相交。

54. 发明申请

US20080192047A1 Dynamically Load Balancing Game Physics Using Real-Time Object Scaling 有权
标题翻译：动态平衡游戏物理使用实时对象缩放
公开(公告)号：US20080192047A1
公开(公告)日：2008-08-14
申请号：US11674734
申请日：2007-02-14
申请人： Eric Michael Radzikowski , Robert Allen Shearer
发明人： Eric Michael Radzikowski , Robert Allen Shearer
IPC分类号： G06T15/00
CPC分类号： G06T15/005 , Y10S345/949 , Y10S345/95 , Y10S345/951 , Y10S345/958
摘要： The present invention provides methods and apparatus for dynamically varying a physics workload by scaling the classification of objects within a three-dimensional scene. According to embodiments of the invention, a physics engine may classify a plurality of objects within a three-dimensional scene as either static objects or as dynamic objects. The physics engine may then perform physics operations with the objects, and may monitor the workload experienced by processing elements within a system which includes the physics engine. Based on the workload experienced by the processing elements within the system, the physics engine may vary the number of objects which are classified as dynamic and vary the number of objects which are classified as static. By varying the classification of the objects, the physics engine may vary the workload experienced by the physics engine.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了通过缩放三维场景内的对象的分类来动态地改变物理工作负荷的方法和装置。根据本发明的实施例，物理引擎可以将三维场景内的多个对象分类为静态对象或动态对象。然后，物理引擎可以与对象进行物理操作，并且可以监视在包括物理引擎的系统内处理元件所遇到的工作负担。基于系统内处理元件经历的工作量，物理引擎可以改变被分类为动态的对象的数量，并且改变被分类为静态的对象的数量。通过改变对象的分类，物理引擎可能会改变物理引擎所遇到的工作量。

55. 发明申请

US20080117206A1 Method for Improving Spatial Index Efficiency by Jittering Splitting Planes 有权
标题翻译：通过抖动分裂平面提高空间指数效率的方法
公开(公告)号：US20080117206A1
公开(公告)日：2008-05-22
申请号：US11562166
申请日：2006-11-21
申请人： Robert Allen Shearer
发明人： Robert Allen Shearer
IPC分类号： G06T15/40
CPC分类号： G06T15/40 , G06T15/06
摘要： Embodiments of the invention provide methods and apparatus to improve the efficiency of a ray tracing image processing system. According to one embodiment of the invention, when building a spatial index the position of a splitting plane used to create a bounding volume may be jittered or moved along an axis to determine if a more efficient location for the splitting plane exists. After jittering the splitting plane a number of primitives intersected by the splitting plane may be calculated. The number of primitives intersected by the splitting plane for each location may be compared, and the location with the fewest intersected primitives may be chosen for the final position of the splitting plane. By choosing the location with the fewest intersected primitives the number of ray-primitive intersection tests necessary when performing ray tracing may be reduced. Consequently, the efficiency of the image processing system may be improved.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例提供了提高光线跟踪图像处理系统的效率的方法和装置。根据本发明的一个实施例，当构建空间索引时，用于创建边界体积的分割平面的位置可以沿轴线抖动或移动以确定是否存在用于分割平面的更有效的位置。在抖动分割平面之后，可以计算由分割平面相交的多个图元。可以比较由每个位置的分割平面相交的图元的数量，并且可以为分割平面的最终位置选择具有最少相交图元的位置。通过选择具有最少相交图元的位置，可以减少执行光线跟踪时所需的射线原始相交测试的数量。因此，可以提高图像处理系统的效率。

56. 发明申请

US20080088619A1 Branch Prediction for Acceleration Data Structure Traversal 审中-公开
标题翻译：加速数据结构遍历的分支预测
公开(公告)号：US20080088619A1
公开(公告)日：2008-04-17
申请号：US11550020
申请日：2006-10-17
申请人： Robert Allen Shearer , Alfred Thomas Watson
发明人： Robert Allen Shearer , Alfred Thomas Watson
IPC分类号： G06T17/00
CPC分类号： G06T15/06
摘要： Embodiments of the invention provide methods and apparatus for pre-fetching bounding volume information while tracing a ray through a spatial index. According to one embodiment of the invention, a first ray may be traced through a spatial index and a traversal history may be recorded. Later, a subsequent ray may be issued into a three dimensional scene which may have a similar trajectory as the first ray. The subsequent ray may intersect the same bounding volumes as the first ray as it is traversed through the spatial index. Therefore, the recorded traversal history may be used to pre-fetch bounding volume information while traversing the subsequent ray through the spatial index. By pre-fetching the bounding volume information, the amount of time to traverse the subsequent ray through the spatial index may be reduced.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例提供了用于在通过空间索引跟踪射线时预取边界体积信息的方法和装置。根据本发明的一个实施例，可以通过空间索引来跟踪第一射线，并且可以记录遍历历史。之后，随后的射线可以被发布到三维场景中，其可以具有与第一射线相似的轨迹。随后的射线可以与穿过空间索引的第一个射线相交的相同的界限体积。因此，记录的遍历历史可以用于在通过空间索引遍历后续的射线的同时预取边界的卷信息。通过预先获取边界体积信息，可以减少穿过空间索引的后续射线的时间量。

57. 发明申请

US20080049016A1 Methods and Systems for Partitioning A Spatial Index 有权
标题翻译：空间索引分区方法与系统
公开(公告)号：US20080049016A1
公开(公告)日：2008-02-28
申请号：US11466129
申请日：2006-08-22
申请人： Robert Allen Shearer
发明人： Robert Allen Shearer
IPC分类号： G06T15/40
CPC分类号： G06T15/40 , G06T15/06 , G06T15/50 , G06T17/005
摘要： Embodiments of the invention provide devices and techniques for partitioning a spatial index. In one embodiment of the invention, an image processing system may partition a spatial index into a plurality of portions such that different processing elements may be responsible for traversing a ray through different portions of the spatial index. The determination of where to partition the spatial index may be made based on any number of factors. For example, according to some embodiments of the invention, the spatial index may be partitioned to evenly distribute workload (e.g., determined by real-time performance metrics) amongst multiple processing elements. Partitioning of the spatial index to distribute workload may be based on the total number of nodes, the number of leaf nodes or the number of primitives which will be included in each resulting partition.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例提供了用于分割空间索引的设备和技术。在本发明的一个实施例中，图像处理系统可以将空间索引划分成多个部分，使得不同的处理元件可能负责穿过空间索引的不同部分的光线。可以基于任何数量的因素来确定在哪里划分空间索引。例如，根据本发明的一些实施例，空间索引可以被划分为在多个处理元件之间均匀分布工作负载（例如，由实时性能度量确定）。用于分配工作负载的空间索引的分区可以基于节点的总数，叶节点的数量或将被包括在每个生成的分区中的基元的数量。

58. 发明授权

US07296108B2 Apparatus and method for efficient transmission of unaligned data 失效
标题翻译：用于高效传输未对齐数据的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US07296108B2
公开(公告)日：2007-11-13
申请号：US11138837
申请日：2005-05-26
申请人： Bruce Leroy Beukema , Jamie Randall Kuesel , Robert Allen Shearer , Charles David Wait
发明人： Bruce Leroy Beukema , Jamie Randall Kuesel , Robert Allen Shearer , Charles David Wait
IPC分类号： G06F13/42 , G06F12/04 , G06F9/315
CPC分类号： G06F13/4013
摘要： An apparatus and method to transmit unaligned data over an interface bus while providing the appearance of aligned data transfers to the receiving processor. In a preferred embodiment, an alignment mechanism is provided in the bus interface of the receiving processor to align the data transfers transparent to the receiving processor. The alignment mechanism detects an unaligned transfer in the bus command queue and forms multiple commands of aligned data to send to the processor.
摘要翻译：一种通过接口总线发送未对齐数据的装置和方法，同时提供对接收处理器的对准数据传输的出现。在优选实施例中，对准机构设置在接收处理器的总线接口中，以将数据传输对准接收处理器。对准机制检测总线命令队列中的未对齐传输，并形成多个对齐数据命令以发送到处理器。

59. 发明授权

US08102389B2 Box casting using an integrated acceleration data structure 失效
标题翻译：箱式铸造采用集成加速度数据结构
公开(公告)号：US08102389B2
公开(公告)日：2012-01-24
申请号：US11674692
申请日：2007-02-14
申请人： David Keith Fowler , Eric Michael Radzikowski , Robert Allen Shearer
发明人： David Keith Fowler , Eric Michael Radzikowski , Robert Allen Shearer
IPC分类号： G06T15/00
CPC分类号： G06T19/00 , G06T17/005 , G06T2210/12 , G06T2210/21
摘要： Embodiments of the invention provide methods and apparatus to reduce the number of intersection tests required to determine if an object moving within a three-dimensional scene collides with any other objects. According to one embodiment of the invention, a physics engine may cast a velocity box into the scene and traverse the velocity box through an integrated acceleration data structure. By traversing the velocity box through an integrated acceleration data structure, a physics engine may determine which objects are in the same area of the scene and are likely intersect the velocity box. The physics engine may use the objects when performing intersection tests to reduce the number of intersection tests which are necessary to determine which objects intersect the velocity box. A reduction in the number of intersection tests may reduce the amount of time necessary to determine if a moving object collides with any other objects.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例提供了减少确定在三维场景内移动的物体是否与任何其它物体相撞所需的交叉点测试数量的方法和装置。根据本发明的一个实施例，物理引擎可以将速度盒投射到场景中并通过集成加速度数据结构横穿速度箱。通过集成的加速度数据结构遍历速度盒，物理引擎可以确定哪些对象在场景的相同区域中并且可能与速度盒相交。物理引擎可以在执行交叉测试时使用对象，以减少确定哪些对象与速度框相交所必需的交叉点测试次数。相交测试次数的减少可以减少确定移动物体是否与任何其他物体相撞所需的时间量。

60. 发明授权

US07808500B2 Method for improving spatial index efficiency by jittering splitting planes 有权
标题翻译：通过抖动分裂平面提高空间索引效率的方法
公开(公告)号：US07808500B2
公开(公告)日：2010-10-05
申请号：US11562166
申请日：2006-11-21
申请人： Robert Allen Shearer
发明人： Robert Allen Shearer
IPC分类号： G06T17/00 , G06T15/00 , G06T15/40 , G06T15/50 , G06T15/60 , G06T9/00 , G06F12/02
CPC分类号： G06T15/40 , G06T15/06
摘要： Embodiments of the invention provide methods and apparatus to improve the efficiency of a ray tracing image processing system. According to one embodiment of the invention, when building a spatial index the position of a splitting plane used to create a bounding volume may be jittered or moved along an axis to determine if a more efficient location for the splitting plane exists. After jittering the splitting plane a number of primitives intersected by the splitting plane may be calculated. The number of primitives intersected by the splitting plane for each location may be compared, and the location with the fewest intersected primitives may be chosen for the final position of the splitting plane. By choosing the location with the fewest intersected primitives the number of ray-primitive intersection tests necessary when performing ray tracing may be reduced. Consequently, the efficiency of the image processing system may be improved.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例提供了提高光线跟踪图像处理系统的效率的方法和装置。根据本发明的一个实施例，当构建空间索引时，用于创建边界体积的分割平面的位置可以沿轴线抖动或移动以确定是否存在用于分割平面的更有效的位置。在抖动分割平面之后，可以计算由分割平面相交的多个图元。可以比较由每个位置的分割平面相交的图元的数量，并且可以为分割平面的最终位置选择具有最少相交图元的位置。通过选择具有最少相交图元的位置，可以减少执行光线跟踪时所需的射线原始相交测试的数量。因此，可以提高图像处理系统的效率。

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