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    • 41. 发明授权
    • Process for excavating and constructing tunnel and excavating device
    • 隧道挖掘装置挖掘工程
    • US4139320A
    • 1979-02-13
    • US824614
    • 1977-08-15
    • Toshiyuki UenoIsamu ItohYasuyuki Morita
    • Toshiyuki UenoIsamu ItohYasuyuki Morita
    • E02D17/08E21B7/00E21D9/00E21D9/04E21D9/08E21D9/087E01G3/00
    • E21B7/005E21D9/005
    • A process for excavating and constructing a tunnel, and an excavating device are disclosed. This process is directed to excavating and constructing a tunnel under a railway or a road on a bank or on level land in the direction transverse to the railway or road. In this process, pits are dug on the opposite sides of the railway, and then an excavator digs into the wall of a pit on one side so as to go out of the wall of the other pit through the ground left therebetween. In this respect, a hollow casing unit of a box shape is coupled to the rear end of the excavator equipped with a screw conveyor. As the excavator advances or digs forward a given distance, another casing unit is in turn coupled to the rear end of the preceding casing unit, and then such a step is repeated, until the excavator goes out of the wall of another pit. In this manner, the excavator further digs into the wall of one pit in the position adjacent to the preceding run of casing units. Then, these runs of casing units are placed around the imaginary contour of a tunnel, thereby forming the outer wall of the tunnel. The sand and soil inside the outer wall of the tunnel are excavated and removed, after which reinforcing steel bars and a mold are placed along the inner surface of the wall of the tunnel. Concrete is then poured into the hollow casing units themselves as well as between the mold and the wall. Thus, the hollow casing units form an integral part of the wall of a tunnel, as an outer wall.
    • 公开了挖掘和构造隧道的方法和挖掘装置。 这个过程是针对在铁路或公路上,沿着横跨铁路或道路的方式,在银行或者平地上挖掘和建造隧道。 在这个过程中,在铁路的相对侧挖出坑,然后挖掘机在一侧挖入坑的墙壁,以便通过其间留下的地面离开另一坑的墙壁。 在这方面,箱形的中空的壳体单元联接到装有螺旋输送机的挖掘机的后端。 当挖掘机向前进或向前挖一定距离时,另一个壳体单元又与前一个壳体单元的后端连接,然后重复这样一个步骤,直到挖掘机离开另一个坑的壁。 以这种方式,挖掘机进一步在与前一运行的套管单元相邻的位置上进入一个凹坑的壁。 然后,将这些套管单元的运行放置在隧道的假想轮廓周围,从而形成隧道的外壁。 隧道外壁内的沙土被挖出去除,之后加固钢筋和模具沿着隧道的墙壁的内表面放置。 然后将混凝土倒入中空的壳体单元本身以及模具和壁之间。 因此,中空的壳体单元形成作为外壁的隧道的壁的一体部分。
    • 46. 发明授权
    • Process for stabilizing silver images
    • 稳定银图像的过程
    • US4500632A
    • 1985-02-19
    • US584301
    • 1984-03-05
    • Kunioki OhmuraMasaaki TorigoeIsamu ItohKatsumi Hayashi
    • Kunioki OhmuraMasaaki TorigoeIsamu ItohKatsumi Hayashi
    • G03C5/00G03C5/26G03C5/38G03C5/39G03C5/24
    • G03C5/39G03C5/268G03C5/38
    • A process for stabilizing a silver image is disclosed. The process is utilized in connection with a photographic material which is comprised of a water impermeable support having one or more light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers thereon. After the photographic material is exposed and developed it is subjected to further processing by conventional means. However, within the further processing an aqueous solution is utilized which includes any compounds represented by the general formula (I), (II) or (III) as defined within the specification. The compound(s) represented by the general formula is/are generally present within the processing solution in a total amount of about 0.1 to 10 g/l of processing solution. By utilizing the aqueous solution containing the compound represented by the general formula within the processing, it is possible to greatly increase the stability of the silver image formed.
    • 公开了一种稳定银色图像的方法。 该方法与照相材料一起使用,该照相材料由其上具有一个或多个感光卤化银乳剂层的不透水支撑体组成。 在照相材料曝光和显影之后,通过常规方法进行进一步处理。 然而,在进一步处理中,使用水溶液,其包括由本说明书中定义的通式(I),(II)或(III)表示的任何化合物。 由通式表示的化合物通常以约0.1至10g / l的加工溶液的总量存在于处理溶液中。 通过在处理中利用含有由通式表示的化合物的水溶液,可以大大增加形成的银图像的稳定性。