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41. 发明授权

US5764058A Signal processing method for determining the number of exponential decay parameters in multiexponentially decaying signals and its application to nuclear magnetic resonance well logging 失效
标题翻译：用于确定多指数衰减信号中指数衰减参数数的信号处理方法及其在核磁共振测井中的应用
公开(公告)号：US5764058A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-09
申请号：US721569
申请日：1996-09-26
申请人： Gregory B. Itskovich , Alexander Roytvarf
发明人： Gregory B. Itskovich , Alexander Roytvarf
IPC分类号： G01V3/32 , G01V3/00
CPC分类号： G01V3/32
摘要： A method of determining the number of exponential decay modes in spin echo amplitude signals from a nuclear magnetic resonance well logging instrument. The method includes dividing the time interval between initiation and termination of measurement of the spin echo amplitude signals into 2r-1 equal length segments, where r is a positive integer. Integrals of the spin echo amplitude signals with respect to time in each of the segments are calculated. Best fit functions are calculated for the spin echo amplitude signals, and integrals with respect to time of apparent amplitudes of the best fit functions at each time corresponding to a time at which the spin echo amplitude signals were generated. The integrals of the spin echo amplitude signals and the integrals of the apparent amplitudes from each segment are arranged into symmetric matrices each having dimensions r.times.r. A norm and a standard deviation of the matrix of the spin echo amplitude integrals is calculated. If the norm of the determinant of the matrix of the integrals of the spin echo amplitude signals is less than or equal to a selected confidence factor multiplied by the standard deviation of the determinant of the matrix of the integrals of the spin echo amplitude signals, then the number of exponential decay modes in the spin echo amplitude is equal to r-1. If the inequality is not satisfied, r is increased by one and the process is repeated.
摘要翻译：一种确定来自核磁共振测井仪器的自旋回波振幅信号中指数衰减模式数量的方法。该方法包括将自旋回波振幅信号的测量的起始和终止之间的时间间隔划分为2r-1等长段，其中r是正整数。计算每个段中相对于时间的自旋回波幅度信号的积分。针对自旋回波幅度信号计算最佳拟合函数，并且相对于对应于产生自旋回波振幅信号的时间的每个时间的最佳拟合函数的表观幅度的时间的积分。自旋回波幅度信号的积分和来自每个段的视在振幅的积分被排列成每个具有尺寸rxr的对称矩阵。计算自旋回波幅度积分矩阵的范数和标准偏差。如果自旋回波幅度信号的积分矩阵的行列式的范数小于或等于选定的置信因数乘以自旋回波幅度信号积分矩阵的行列式的标准偏差，则自旋回波振幅中的指数衰减模式的数量等于r-1。如果不等式不满足，则r增加1，重复该过程。

42. 发明授权

US08862406B2 Electrical imager operating in oil-based mud and low resistive formation 有权
标题翻译：电子成像仪在油基泥浆中操作，低电阻形成
公开(公告)号：US08862406B2
公开(公告)日：2014-10-14
申请号：US13346263
申请日：2012-01-09
申请人： Gregory B. Itskovich , David R. Beard , Fei Le
发明人： Gregory B. Itskovich , David R. Beard , Fei Le
IPC分类号： G01V1/40 , G01V3/20 , G01V5/04
CPC分类号： G01V3/20
摘要： This disclosure relates to apparatuses and methods for reducing current leakage between a measure electrode and a logging tool body during borehole investigations in an earth formation involving electric current and non-conductive drilling fluid. The apparatus may include one or more transmitters disposed on a pad body, configured to inject an electric current into the earth formation, and coupled to the mandrel and one or more measure electrodes. The measure electrodes may be configured to receive current from the formation and coupled to a back plate of the pad body. The apparatus may be configured to maintain a selected ratio between pad body to logging tool body impedance and transmitters to logging tool body impedance sufficient to reduce current leakage between the earth formation and the logging tool body. The transmitter/mandrel and measure electrode/back plate may be electrically isolated from one another. The method may include using the apparatus.
摘要翻译：本公开涉及用于在包括电流和非导电钻井液的地层中的井眼研究期间减小测量电极和测井工具主体之间的电流泄漏的装置和方法。设备可以包括设置在垫体上的一个或多个发射器，其被配置为将电流注入到地层中，并且耦合到心轴和一个或多个测量电极。测量电极可以被配置为从地层接收电流并且耦合到衬垫本体的背板。该装置可以被配置为保持衬垫主体与测井工具主体阻抗之间的选定比率，并且将发射器保持在足以减小地球形成和测井工具主体之间的电流泄漏的工具体阻抗。发射器/心轴和测量电极/背板可以彼此电隔离。该方法可以包括使用该装置。

43. 发明申请

US20140288834A1 FAST INVERSION OF MWD TRANSIENT EM DATA EXCITED BY A PULSE OF AN ARBITRARY SHAPE 有权
标题翻译：通过脉冲形状激发的MWD瞬态EM数据的快速反演
公开(公告)号：US20140288834A1
公开(公告)日：2014-09-25
申请号：US13849828
申请日：2013-03-25
申请人： Gregory B. Itskovich , Marina N. Nikitenko
发明人： Gregory B. Itskovich , Marina N. Nikitenko
IPC分类号： G01V3/38
CPC分类号： G01V3/38 , G01V3/06 , G01V3/24
摘要： A system and method of estimating properties of a subsurface formation are described. The method includes transmitting an excitation current pulse into the formation, receiving an induced pulse used to generate input data, and performing an inversion on the input data using a lookup table based on a shape of the excitation current pulse to estimate the properties of the subsurface formation.
摘要翻译：描述了一种估计地下地层特性的系统和方法。该方法包括将激励电流脉冲发送到地层中，接收用于产生输入数据的感应脉冲，以及使用基于激励电流脉冲的形状的查找表对输入数据执行反转以估计地下特性形成。

44. 发明授权

US08633701B2 Method and apparatus for galvanic multi-frequency formation resistivity imaging 有权
标题翻译：电流多频成像电阻率成像方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US08633701B2
公开(公告)日：2014-01-21
申请号：US12787208
申请日：2010-05-25
申请人： Gregory B. Itskovich , Alexandre N. Bespalov
发明人： Gregory B. Itskovich , Alexandre N. Bespalov
IPC分类号： G01V3/00
CPC分类号： G01V3/24
摘要： A formation measurement and processing technique which reduces the effects of standoff between a resistivity tool and a borehole wall where the resistivity tool utilizes capacitive coupling between the tool and the formation to obtain resistivity data useful to generate a resistivity image of the formation. Reduction of standoff effects is achieved through the use of multi-frequency, phase sensitive measurements to identify a measured resonance frequency that may be used to produce an image that utilizes measurements least affected by the tool standoff and unknown or unspecified inductance of the tool. Reduction of standoff effects are the most pronounced in the case of the low resistivity formations and oil-based, low-conductive drilling fluids.
摘要翻译：一种地层测量和处理技术，其减少了电阻率工具与钻孔壁之间的间隙的影响，其中电阻率工具利用工具和地层之间的电容耦合，以获得有用的电阻率数据，用于生成地层的电阻率图像。通过使用多频相位测量来确定可用于产生图像的测量的共振频率来实现间隔效应的降低，该谐振频率利用最小的受刀具间隔和工具的未知或未指定电感的影响。在低电阻率地层和油基低导电钻井液的情况下，减少对立效应是最明显的。

45. 发明授权

US08115490B2 Concentric return and transmitter electrodes for imaging and standoff distances compensation 有权
标题翻译：同心返回和发射电极成像和间距距离补偿
公开(公告)号：US08115490B2
公开(公告)日：2012-02-14
申请号：US13046096
申请日：2011-03-11
申请人： Matthias Gorek , Gregory B. Itskovich , Alexandre N. Bespalov
发明人： Matthias Gorek , Gregory B. Itskovich , Alexandre N. Bespalov
IPC分类号： G01V3/06 , G01V3/08 , G01V3/12
CPC分类号： G01V3/24
摘要： A method of estimating a property of an earth formation penetrated by a borehole includes: disposing into the borehole a sensor having a plurality of return electrodes and at least one transmitter electrode disposed in a concentric arrangement; injecting a first current of a first frequency into the formation by applying an alternating current voltage between first selected ones of the plurality of return electrodes and the at least one transmitter electrode; injecting a second current of a second frequency into the formation by applying an alternating current voltage between second selected ones of the plurality of return electrodes and the at least one transmitter electrode; measuring effective impedance for each of the currents; and estimating the property using the measurements of the effective impedance for each of the currents; wherein the estimating compensates for an influence of standoff distances of the sensor on the measurements.
摘要翻译：一种估计由钻孔渗透的地层的性质的方法包括：将具有多个返回电极的传感器和设置在同心布置中的至少一个发射器电极设置在钻孔中; 通过在所述多个返回电极中的第一选定电极和所述至少一个发射器电极之间施加交流电压，将第一频率的第一电流注入到所述地层中; 通过在所述多个返回电极中的第二选定电极和所述至少一个发射器电极之间施加交流电压将第二频率的第二电流注入所述地层; 测量每个电流的有效阻抗; 并且使用每个电流的有效阻抗的测量来估计该性质; 其中所述估计补偿所述传感器对所述测量的间隔距离的影响。

46. 发明授权

US08035392B2 Method and apparatus for while-drilling transient resistivity measurements 有权
标题翻译：瞬态电阻率测量方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US08035392B2
公开(公告)日：2011-10-11
申请号：US12288225
申请日：2008-10-17
申请人： Gregory B. Itskovich , Arcady Reiderman
发明人： Gregory B. Itskovich , Arcady Reiderman
IPC分类号： G01V3/00 , G01V3/08 , G01V3/12
CPC分类号： G01V3/28
摘要： Structure for deep MWD resistivity measurements suitable for both geo-steering and measurements ahead of the drill bit is disclosed. The structure is capable of extracting information about resistivity of formation in the presence of conductive drill. In one embodiment, ahead-of-bit sensing is achieved via transient electromagnetic measurements when current is switched off in the transmitter loop and the transient signal is measured in the receiver loops placed at some distances from the receiver. To reduce a parasitic effect of the currents in the drill three-coil bucking system with magnetic nonconductive shield in combination with a highly conductive copper shield are applied. Specifically, a short (less than 1 m) copper cover and short (less than 0.2 m) ferrite cover are placed in the vicinity of transmitting and receiving coils. A bucking operation followed by an inversion is performed on received signals to obtain data reflecting parameters of the surrounding subsurface formations.
摘要翻译：公开了适用于钻头之前的地理转向和测量的深MWD电阻率测量结构。该结构能够在导电钻的存在下提取关于形成电阻率的信息。在一个实施例中，当在发射机环路中关断电流时，通过瞬态电磁测量来实现比特前感测，并且在放置在离接收机一些距离处的接收器环路中测量瞬态信号。应用与磁性非导电屏蔽结合高导电铜屏蔽的钻三线圈降压系统中的电流的寄生效应。具体来说，在发射和接收线圈附近放置一个短（小于1米）的铜盖和短（小于0.2米）的铁氧体盖。对接收到的信号执行反转操作，以获得反映周围地下地层参数的数据。

47. 发明授权

US07994790B2 Electromagnetic and magnetostatic shield to perform measurements ahead of the drill bit 有权
标题翻译：电磁和静磁屏蔽在钻头前进行测量
公开(公告)号：US07994790B2
公开(公告)日：2011-08-09
申请号：US12401440
申请日：2009-03-10
申请人： Gregory B. Itskovich , Roland E. Chemali , Tsili Wang
发明人： Gregory B. Itskovich , Roland E. Chemali , Tsili Wang
IPC分类号： G01V3/08 , G01V3/10
CPC分类号： G01V3/28
摘要： A transmitter on a bottomhole assembly (BHA) is used for generating a transient electromagnetic signal in an earth formation. A pair of receivers on the BHA receive signals that are indicative of formation resistivity and distances to bed boundaries. A time dependent calibration factor or a time-independent calibration factor may be used to combine the two received signals and estimate the distance to bed boundaries that are unaffected by the drill conductive body. Further improvement can be obtained by using copper shielding.
摘要翻译：井底组件（BHA）上的发射器用于在地层中产生瞬态电磁信号。 BHA上的一对接收器接收指示地层电阻率和与床边界距离的信号。可以使用时间相关的校准因子或时间无关的校准因子来组合两个接收的信号并且估计不受钻孔导电体影响的床边界的距离。通过使用铜屏蔽可以进一步改善。

48. 发明授权

US07940050B2 System and method for measuring resistivity of an earth formation with correction for mud electrical properties 有权
标题翻译：用于测量泥土电性能的地层电阻率的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07940050B2
公开(公告)日：2011-05-10
申请号：US12190828
申请日：2008-08-13
申请人： Alexandre N. Bespalov , Gregory B. Itskovich
发明人： Alexandre N. Bespalov , Gregory B. Itskovich
IPC分类号： G01V3/00 , G01V3/02
CPC分类号： G01V3/20
摘要： A method for measuring a resistivity parameter of an earth formation is provided. The method includes: conveying a measurement current from at least one measurement electrode into the formation, the at least one measurement electrode having a potential; receiving the measurement current by at least one return electrode; and estimating a resistivity parameter from a measurement value selected from at least one of the measurement current and the potential, the resistivity parameter based on (i) an impedance calculated from the measurement value and (ii) a correction factor calculated from a plurality of measurement values related to a conductivity of a fluid in a borehole and a dielectric constant of the fluid in the borehole. A system for measuring a resistivity parameter of an earth formation is also provided.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于测量地层电阻率参数的方法。该方法包括：将测量电流从至少一个测量电极输送到地层中，所述至少一个测量电极具有电位; 通过至少一个返回电极接收测量电流; 以及从所述测量电流和所述电位中的至少一个选择的测量值估计电阻率参数，所述电阻率参数基于（i）根据所述测量值计算的阻抗和（ii）从多个测量计算的校正因子与钻孔中的流体的导电性和钻孔中的流体的介电常数相关的值。还提供了一种用于测量地层电阻率参数的系统。

49. 发明申请

US20110025335A1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GALVANIC MULTI-FREQUENCY FORMATION RESISTIVITY IMAGING 有权
标题翻译：高频多波形成电阻成像的方法与装置
公开(公告)号：US20110025335A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-03
申请号：US12787208
申请日：2010-05-25
申请人： Gregory B. Itskovich , Alexandre N. Bespalov
发明人： Gregory B. Itskovich , Alexandre N. Bespalov
IPC分类号： G01V3/00
CPC分类号： G01V3/24
摘要： A formation measurement and processing technique which reduces the effects of standoff between a resistivity tool and a borehole wall where the resistivity tool utilizes capacitive coupling between the tool and the formation to obtain resistivity data useful to generate a resistivity image of the formation. Reduction of standoff effects is achieved through the use of multi-frequency, phase sensitive measurements to identify a measured resonance frequency that may be used to produce an image that utilizes measurements least affected by the tool standoff and unknown or unspecified inductance of the tool. Reduction of standoff effects are the most pronounced in the case of the low resistivity formations and oil-based, low-conductive drilling fluids.
摘要翻译：一种地层测量和处理技术，其减少了电阻率工具与钻孔壁之间的间隙的影响，其中电阻率工具利用工具和地层之间的电容耦合，以获得有用的电阻率数据，用于生成地层的电阻率图像。通过使用多频相位测量来确定可用于产生图像的测量的共振频率来实现间隔效应的降低，该谐振频率利用最小的受刀具间隔和工具的未知或未指定电感的影响。在低电阻率地层和油基低导电钻井液的情况下，减少对立效应是最明显的。

50. 发明申请

US20100109905A1 Deep MWD Resistivity Measurements Using EM Shielding 有权
标题翻译：使用EM屏蔽深度MWD电阻率测量
公开(公告)号：US20100109905A1
公开(公告)日：2010-05-06
申请号：US12434450
申请日：2009-05-01
申请人： Gregory B. Itskovich
发明人： Gregory B. Itskovich
IPC分类号： G01V3/00
CPC分类号： G01V3/28
摘要： Structure for deep MWD resistivity measurements suitable for both geo-steering and measurements ahead of the drill bit is disclosed. Alternating current is transmitted through a loop and an induction signal is measured by a two-coil bucking receiving system placed at some distance from the transmitter. To further reduce a parasitic effect of the currents in the pipe, a conductive copper shield wrapping around the pipe is used. The length of the shield is about one and one-half to two times longer than the longest transmitter/receiver spacing of the structure. The transmitter/receiver system is located in the center of the described electromagnetic shield.
摘要翻译：公开了适用于钻头之前的地理转向和测量的深MWD电阻率测量结构。交流电通过环路传输，感应信号由放置在离发射机一定距离处的双线圈降压接收系统测量。为了进一步降低管中的电流的寄生效应，使用围绕管道的导电铜屏蔽。屏蔽件的长度比结构的最长发射器/接收器间距大约一到二到二倍。发射机/接收机系统位于所述电磁屏蔽的中心。

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