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    • 43. 发明授权
    • Method for mapping a nucleic acid
    • 映射核酸的方法
    • US06448012B1
    • 2002-09-10
    • US09713016
    • 2000-11-16
    • David Schwartz
    • David Schwartz
    • C12Q168
    • C12Q1/683C12Q1/68C12Q1/6841G01N15/02G01N15/10G01N27/44704G01N27/44721G01N27/44773G01N2015/0038G01N2015/0288G01N2015/1062G01N2015/1081G01N2015/1486G01N2015/149G01N2015/1495G01N2015/1497Y10T436/143333
    • A method for observing and determining the size of individual molecules and for determining the weight distribution of a sample containing molecules of varying size, which involves placing a deformable or nondeformable molecule, in a medium, subjecting the molecule to an external force, thereby causing conformational and/or positional changes, and then measuring these changes. Preferred ways to measure conformational and positional changes include: (1) determining the rate at which a deformable molecule returns to a relaxed state after termination of the external force, (2) determining the rate at which a molecule becomes oriented in a new direction when the direction of the perturbing force is changed, (3) determining the rate at which a molecule rotates, (4) measuring the length of a molecule, particularly when it is at least partially stretched, or (5) measuring at least one diameter of a spherical or ellipsoidal molecule. Measurements of relaxation, reorientation, and rotation rates, as well as length and diameter can be made using a light microscope connected to an image processor. Molecule relaxation, reorientation and rotation also can be determined using a microscope combined with a spectroscopic device. The invention is particularly useful for measuring polymer molecules, such as nucleic acids, and can be used to determine the size and map location of restriction digests. Breakage of large polymer molecules mounted on a microscope slide is prevented by condensing the molecules before mounting and unfolding the molecules after they have been placed in a matrix.
    • 一种用于观察和确定单个分子的尺寸并确定含有不同大小的分子的样品的重量分布的方法,其包括将可变形或不可变形的分子置于介质中,使分子受到外力,由此引起构象 和/或位置变化,然后测量这些变化。 测量构象和位置变化的优选方法包括:(1)确定可变形分子在外力终止后恢复到松弛状态的速率,(2)确定分子在新方向上取向的速率,当 扰动力的方向发生变化,(3)确定分子转动的速度,(4)测量分子的长度,特别是至少部分拉伸时,或(5)测量至少一个直径的 球形或椭圆形分子。 可以使用连接到图像处理器的光学显微镜来进行放松,重新定向和旋转速率以及长度和直径的测量。 也可以使用与分光装置结合的显微镜来确定分子松弛,重新取向和旋转。 本发明特别可用于测量聚合物分子,例如核酸,并且可用于确定限制性消化物的大小和图谱位置。 通过在将分子置于基质中之前将分子凝结并分解开来,使分子冷凝,可以防止在显微镜载片上安装大分子的破裂。
    • 44. 发明授权
    • Litter box assembly
    • 垃圾箱装配
    • US06237534B1
    • 2001-05-29
    • US09596022
    • 2000-06-15
    • David Schwartz
    • David Schwartz
    • A01K2900
    • A01K1/0125A01K1/0107
    • A litter box assembly is described that comprises a box for containing litter, having a base, rigid side walls, an opening in one of the side walls, and a removable lid atop the side walls; and a flexible tunnel, preferably made of an accordion plastic. The tunnel allows for the ingress and egress of a small animal, preferably a “so-called” indoor pet such as a cat, and supports the weight of the small animal during its ingress and egress to and from the litter box. The tunnel is preferably suspended above the ground via removable attachments to the opening in the litter box, the to an opening in a residence. The litter box is not fixed in a particular orientation relative to the opening in the residence, even when connected to the tunnel. The litter box is preferably substantially divided, by an interior wall, into a waste chamber for containing litter and an interior passageway. The interior passageway may comprises holes on the floor to allow the passage of litter through the holes during ingress and egress of the animal, but small enough to prevent passage of the feet of the animal through the holes. The rigid side walls of the litter box may also comprise wall holes, which may be covered by overhangs, where the wall holes are of a size to permit the free flow of air and gases into and out of the litter box, and small enough to prevent passage of the animal from the litter box through the holes.
    • 描述了一种垃圾箱组件,其包括用于容纳垃圾的箱体,其具有基部,刚性侧壁,一个侧壁中的开口和在侧壁顶部的可移除盖; 以及优选由手风琴塑料制成的柔性隧道。 该隧道允许小型动物,优选地是所谓的“猫”等室内宠物的入口和出口,并且在进入和离开垃圾箱的过程中支撑小动物的重量。 隧道优选通过可移除的附件悬挂在地面上的垃圾箱中的开口,到居住地的开口处。 即使连接到隧道,垃圾箱也不会相对于住宅内的开口以特定方向固定。 垃圾箱优选地通过内壁大体分成用于容纳垃圾和内部通道的废物室。 内部通道可以包括在地板上的孔,以允许垃圾在进入和移出动物期间通过孔,但足够小以防止动物的脚通过孔。 垃圾箱的刚性侧壁还可以包括壁孔,其可以被悬垂物覆盖,其中壁孔的大小允许空气和气体自由流入和排出垃圾箱,并且足够小到 防止动物从垃圾箱通过孔。
    • 45. 发明授权
    • Method and characterizing polymer molecules or the like
    • 表征聚合物分子等的方法
    • US6150089A
    • 2000-11-21
    • US128996
    • 1993-09-30
    • David Schwartz
    • David Schwartz
    • G01B11/08C12N15/09C12Q1/68G01N15/02G01N15/10G01N15/14G01N27/447G01N33/44G01N33/50G01N27/26
    • C12Q1/683C12Q1/68C12Q1/6841G01N15/02G01N15/10G01N27/44704G01N27/44721G01N27/44773G01N2015/0038G01N2015/0288G01N2015/1062G01N2015/1081G01N2015/1486G01N2015/149G01N2015/1495G01N2015/1497Y10T436/143333
    • A method for observing and determining the size of individual molecules and for determining the weight distribution of a sample containing molecules of varying size, which involves placing a deformable or nondeformable molecule in a medium, subjecting the molecule to an external force, thereby causing conformational and/or positional changes, and then measuring these changes. Preferred ways to measure conformational and positional changes include: (1) determining the rate at which a deformable molecule returns to a relaxed state after termination of the external force, (2) determining the rate at which a molecule becomes oriented in a new direction when the direction of the perturbing force is changed, (3) determining the rate at which a molecule rorates, (4) measuring the length of a molecule, particularly when it is at least partially stretched, or (5) measuring at least one diameter of a spherical or ellipsoidal molecule. Measurements of relaxation, reorientation, and rotation rates, as well as length and diameter can be made using a light microscope connected to an image processor. Molecule relaxation, reorientation and rotation also can be determined using a microscope combined with a spectroscopic device. The invention is particularly useful for measuring polymer molecules, such as nucleic acids, and can be used to determine the size and map location of restriction digests. Breakage of large polymer molecules mounted on a microscope slide is prevented by condensing the molecules before mounting and unfolding the molecules after they have been placed in a matrix.
    • 一种用于观察和确定单个分子的尺寸并确定含有不同大小分子的样品的重量分布的方法,其包括将可变形或不可变形的分子置于介质中,使分子受到外力,由此引起构象和 /或位置变化,然后测量这些变化。 测量构象和位置变化的优选方法包括:(1)确定可变形分子在外力终止后恢复到松弛状态的速率,(2)确定分子在新方向上取向的速率,当 扰动力的方向发生变化,(3)确定分子的速率,(4)测量分子的长度,尤其是至少部分拉伸时,或(5)测量至少一个直径的 球形或椭圆形分子。 可以使用连接到图像处理器的光学显微镜来进行放松,重新定向和旋转速率以及长度和直径的测量。 也可以使用与分光装置结合的显微镜来确定分子松弛,重新取向和旋转。 本发明特别可用于测量聚合物分子,例如核酸,并且可用于确定限制性消化物的大小和图谱位置。 通过在将分子置于基质中之前将分子凝结并分解开来,使分子冷凝,可以防止在显微镜载片上安装大分子的破裂。
    • 47. 发明授权
    • Tamper-resistant water flow restriction system
    • 防篡改水流量限制系统
    • US08511347B2
    • 2013-08-20
    • US13302695
    • 2011-11-22
    • David Schwartz
    • David Schwartz
    • F16D1/04
    • F15D1/04Y10T137/0402Y10T137/7256Y10T137/7927Y10T137/8593
    • A system and method for installing and removing a flow restrictor assembly in a shower, while prevents tampering with the flow restriction system thus installed. Tampering is prevented by concealing the flow restrictor assembly behind a shower wall, attached directly to a water supply line. The system further prevents tampering by concealing the tool-hole necessary for its removal behind a flow restrictor disk, so that there are no visible means of removing the flow restrictor assembly. The flow restrictor assembly threads onto a showerhead arm and the flow restrictor assembly with the attached showerhead arm threads directly into the water line. When the showerhead arm is unthreaded, the flow restrictor assembly remains connected to the water line by an external screw thread. The flow restrictor must be removed to reveal the tool-hole which may only then be engaged by a tool for removal.
    • 一种用于在淋浴器中安装和拆卸限流器组件的系统和方法,同时防止对如此安装的流动限制系统的篡改。 通过将节流器组件隐藏在淋浴壁后面,直接连接到供水管线来防止篡改。 该系统进一步通过隐藏在流量限制器盘的后面所需的工具孔来防止篡改,使得没有可见的除去限流器组件的手段。 流量限制器组件螺纹连接到喷头臂上,并且限流器组件具有附接的喷头臂直接进入水管线。 当喷头臂无螺纹时,限流器组件通过外部螺纹保持连接到水管线。 必须拆卸限流器以露出工具孔,该工具孔只能由用于拆卸的工具接合。
    • 48. 发明授权
    • Efficient address caching for packet telephony services
    • 分组电话服务的高效地址缓存
    • US08254278B2
    • 2012-08-28
    • US11915231
    • 2006-05-23
    • Baruch StermanDavid SchwartzEli Katz
    • Baruch StermanDavid SchwartzEli Katz
    • H04J1/16
    • H04M7/128H04L12/66H04L61/1511H04L61/157H04L61/6009H04M7/123H04M2201/18H04M2201/36
    • A method for telephony includes receiving at a facility of a telephone service provider a first subscriber request to place a first call to a specified telephone number. A provider request is sent to a remote server (26), which maintains a database (28) of records associating telephone numbers with respective packet network addresses, for a record (72) indicating a packet network address to which calls to the specified telephone number should be placed. Upon receiving the record from the remote server, the record is stored in a local cache (42) at the facility of the telephone service provider. After storing the record, upon receiving at the facility of the telephone service provider a second subscriber request to place a second call to the specified telephone number, the record is read from the local cache and is used in placing the second call to the packet network address.
    • 一种用于电话的方法包括在电话服务提供商的设施处接收第一用户请求,以将第一呼叫发送到指定的电话号码。 提供者请求被发送到远程服务器(26),远程服务器(26)维护用于指示电话号码与相应的分组网络地址相关联的记录的数据库(28),用于指示对指定的电话号码进行呼叫的分组网络地址 应该放置 一旦从远程服务器接收到记录,该记录被存储在电话服务提供商的设施处的本地缓存(42)中。 在存储记录之后,当在电话服务提供商的设施处接收到第二用户请求以对指定的电话号码进行第二次呼叫时,从本地高速缓存读取记录,并将其用于将第二呼叫置于分组网络 地址。