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31. 发明授权

US5990679A Method using corrective factors for determining a magnetic gradient 失效
标题翻译：使用校正因子确定磁梯度的方法
公开(公告)号：US5990679A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-23
申请号：US955618
申请日：1997-10-22
申请人： Stephen W. Frommer , Barry Penfold
发明人： Stephen W. Frommer , Barry Penfold
IPC分类号： G01R33/022 , G01R35/00 , G01V3/00
CPC分类号： G01R33/022
摘要： Inventive electrical-computational method and system for aligning a magnetic gradiometer, and for determining magnetic gradients using a magnetic gradiometer which is inventively aligned. For each correlation of a correction magnetometer's vector with a reference magnetometer's vector, three correction coefficients and an offset coefficient are evaluated, using a mathematical approximation technique (such as least-squares) upon voltage outputs for various relative orientations of magnetic fields in relation to a magnetic gradiometer. An inventive matrix formula is used for determining magnetic gradients. A correction magnetometer matrix (matrix of voltages generated by each correction vector of the correction magnetometer) is multiplied by a coefficient matrix (matrix of correction and offset coefficients). The correction vectors within the correction magnetometer matrix are thus aligned with the reference vectors within the reference magnetometer matrix (matrix of voltages generated by each reference vector of the reference magnetometer) whereby, for each magnetic gradient determination pursuant to a correlation of a reference vector with a correction vector, any deviation from zero represents the magnetic gradient for that correlation. Many inventive embodiments incorporate temperature compensation, whereby the inventive practitioner establishes variations of correction and offset coefficients in accordance with temperature. With the assistance of computational electronics, inventive gradiometer alignments can be accomplished considerably more speedily than can gradiometer alignments according to conventional mechanical methodologies.
摘要翻译：用于对准磁梯度计的本发明的电计算方法和系统，以及使用发明对准的磁梯度计来确定磁梯度。对于校正磁力计矢量与参考磁强计矢量的每个相关性，使用数学近似技术（诸如最小二乘法）来估计三个校正系数和偏移系数，该电压输出用于各种磁场的相对取向相对于磁梯仪本发明的矩阵公式用于确定磁梯度。校正磁力计矩阵（由校正磁力计的每个校正矢量产生的电压矩阵）乘以系数矩阵（校正和偏移系数的矩阵）。因此，校正磁力计矩阵内的校正矢量与参考磁力计矩阵（参考磁力计的每个参考矢量产生的电压矩阵）内的参考矢量对准，由此，对于每个磁梯度确定，根据参考矢量与校正矢量，与零的任何偏差表示该相关的磁梯度。许多创造性实施例包括温度补偿，由此本发明从业者根据温度建立校正和偏移系数的变化。在计算电子学的帮助下，根据常规的机械方法，可以比梯度计比对更快地实现创造性的梯度计比对。

32. 发明授权

US5686836A Apparatus for reducing noise due to sensor vibration during measurement of a weak magnetic field 失效
标题翻译：用于在弱磁场测量期间由于传感器振动而降低噪声的装置
公开(公告)号：US5686836A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-11
申请号：US526928
申请日：1995-09-12
申请人： Ichiro Sasada , Takao Yamauchi
发明人： Ichiro Sasada , Takao Yamauchi
IPC分类号： G01R33/02 , A61B5/05 , G01R33/022 , G01R33/028 , G01R33/035 , G01R33/24
CPC分类号： G01R33/24 , G01R33/022 , G01R33/028
摘要： An apparatus for measuring a weak magnetic field in a background D.C. magnetic field such as the earth's magnetic field or the like includes a magnetic pickup portion that is supported by a support mechanism which does not impede minute movement in the x- and y-axis direction. A pair of A.C. linear gradient magnetic fields whose directions of gradients are parallel to the x-axis and y-axis, respectively, are used for obtaining reference signals for sensing the position of the pickup portion. The frequencies of the A.C. linear gradient magnetic fields are set to be sufficiently higher than the frequency of the weak magnetic field that is to be measured. The A.C. linear gradient magnetic fields are provided by A.C. current flowing in two pairs of linear conductors which are perpendicular to each other.
摘要翻译：用于测量诸如地球磁场等的背景DC磁场中的弱磁场的装置包括磁性拾取部分，其由不会妨碍x轴和y轴方向上的微小移动的支撑机构支撑。使用一对直角梯度磁场，其梯度方向分别与x轴和y轴平行，以获得用于感测拾取部分的位置的参考信号。交流线性梯度磁场的频率被设定为足够高于待测量的弱磁场的频率。 A.C.线性梯度磁场由流过彼此垂直的两对线性导体中的交流电流提供。

33. 发明授权

US5469056A Planar gradiometers arranged on non-parallel surfaces for determination of a gradient tensor of a magnetic field 失效
标题翻译：布置在非平行表面上的平面梯度计用于确定磁场的梯度张量
公开(公告)号：US5469056A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-21
申请号：US656416
申请日：1991-02-15
申请人： Wolfgang Eschner , Wolfgang Ludwig
发明人： Wolfgang Eschner , Wolfgang Ludwig
IPC分类号： G01R33/022 , G01R33/035
CPC分类号： G01R33/022 , Y10S505/846
摘要： At least five planar gradiometers on at least three non-parallel surfaces are used to determine five, linearly independent components of a gradient tensor of a magnetic field.
摘要翻译：使用至少三个非平行表面上的至少五个平面梯度计来确定磁场的梯度张量的五个线性独立分量。

34. 发明授权

US5289121A Composite pickup coil for measurement of magnetic field components in a superconducting quantum interference device 失效
标题翻译：用于测量超导量子干涉装置中的磁场分量的复合拾波线圈
公开(公告)号：US5289121A
公开(公告)日：1994-02-22
申请号：US807035
申请日：1991-12-13
申请人： Matti J. Kajola , Jukka E. T. Knuutila
发明人： Matti J. Kajola , Jukka E. T. Knuutila
IPC分类号： A61B5/05 , G01R15/14 , G01R33/022 , G01R33/035 , H01L39/22 , G01R33/02
CPC分类号： G01R33/022 , Y10S505/846
摘要： The invention concerns a pickup coil to measure components of gradients. The coil consists of two pairs of loops connected in series; these pairs are then connected in parallel. The coil so formed has a low inductance, and no shielding currents are induced to superconducting coils in homogeneous magnetic fields. One coil can be employed to measure several field components simultaneously when the coil is coupled to current sensing elements, for example to SQUIDS, so that the current components measured by the sensing elements do not couple magnetically because of the symmetry. This can be accomplished by connecting the said elements between terminals between the loops (5, 6 and 7, 8). The inductance of this coil can be further reduced by subdividing the loops into parts connected in parallel.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种用于测量梯度分量的拾取线圈。线圈由串联连接的两对回路组成; 这些对然后并联连接。这样形成的线圈具有低电感，并且在均匀磁场中没有对超导线圈感应到屏蔽电流。当线圈耦合到电流感测元件，例如SQUIDS时，可以采用一个线圈来同时测量多个场分量，使得由于对称性而由感测元件测量的电流分量不会磁耦合。这可以通过在环（5,6和7,8）之间的端子之间连接所述元件来实现。通过将回路分成并联连接的部件，可以进一步减小该线圈的电感。

35. 发明授权

US5020538A Low noise magnetoencephalogram system and method 失效
标题翻译：低噪声脑电图系统及方法
公开(公告)号：US5020538A
公开(公告)日：1991-06-04
申请号：US435754
申请日：1989-11-14
申请人： Nelson H. Morgan , Alan S. Gevins
发明人： Nelson H. Morgan , Alan S. Gevins
IPC分类号： A61B5/04 , G01R33/022 , G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G01R33/022 , A61B5/04008 , G06K9/00503 , Y10S128/901
摘要： A magnetoencaphalogram (MEG) detects the neuromagnetic brain signals of a subject by bringing a set of magnetic sensors, preferably SQUIDs (superconducting quantum interference device), close to the scalp of the subject. The adverse effect of environmental magnetic noise is reduced by using a second set of magnetic sensors which are placed near the subject. The system includes a bandpass filter, to divide the signals from the various sensors into predetermined frequency bands, and a computer to provide a least squares noise component estimate of the noise from each brain wave sensor and to calculate therefrom a filtered brain wave signal having reduced noise.
摘要翻译：磁共振成像（MEG）通过使一组靠近被摄体头皮的磁传感器（优选SQUID（超导量子干涉装置））来检测被检体的神经性脑信号。通过使用放置在被摄体附近的第二组磁传感器来降低环境磁噪声的不利影响。该系统包括带通滤波器，用于将来自各种传感器的信号划分成预定的频带;以及计算机，用于提供来自每个脑波传感器的噪声的最小平方噪声分量估计，并由此计算已经减少的滤波的脑波信号噪声。

36. 发明授权

US4766385A Underwater buried mine classifier 失效
标题翻译：水下埋矿分类器
公开(公告)号：US4766385A
公开(公告)日：1988-08-23
申请号：US94187
申请日：1987-09-08
申请人： Donald G. Polvani
发明人： Donald G. Polvani
IPC分类号： G01R33/022 , G01V3/15 , G01V3/165
CPC分类号： G01R33/022 , G01V3/15
摘要： A magnetometer system carried aboard a tethered underwater vehicle for confirming the existence of a buried naval mine which then may be neutralized by an explosive charge dropped by the vehicle. The vehicle carries two or more scaler magnetometers and is operated to obtain vertical and two orthogonal horizontal spatial gradients of the magnetic field above the mine location. The vertical distance to the mine is obtained, and this information, along with the known dip angle of the earth's magnetic field at the location, is utilized in conjunction with the spatial gradients for obtaining three mutually orthogonal components of the magnetic moment of the mine, from which the magnitude of the magnetic moment may be calculated. If the magnitude falls between upper and lower predetermined limits, a positive mine classification signal is provided.
摘要翻译：一个载有系绳水下航行器的磁力计系统，用于确认是否存在埋设的海军矿山，然后可能被车辆所引起的爆炸物质中和。车辆携带两个或更多的定标磁力计，并操作以获得位于矿井位置之上的磁场的垂直和两个正交的水平空间梯度。获得与矿井的垂直距离，并将该信息连同已知的地球磁场倾角一起用于空间梯度，以获得矿井磁矩的三个相互正交的分量，可以计算出磁矩的大小。如果幅度在上限和下限之间，则提供一个正的矿井分类信号。

37. 发明授权

US4665363A Optical fibre magnetic gradient detector 失效
标题翻译：光纤磁梯度检测器
公开(公告)号：US4665363A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-12
申请号：US831264
申请日：1986-02-20
申请人： Philip Extance , Roger E. Jones
发明人： Philip Extance , Roger E. Jones
IPC分类号： G01R33/022 , G01R33/032 , G01B9/02 , G02F1/09
CPC分类号： G01R33/022 , G01R33/0327
摘要： Two portions (B,C) of one arm of an optical fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer are magnetically sensitized and each has applied thereto an a.c. bias fields at a respective different frequency (w.sub.1, w.sub.2). One portion (A) of the other arm of the interferometer is magnetically sensitized and has two a.c. bias fields applied thereto, each at one of the different frequencies (w.sub.1,w.sub.2). The fields for portion A and C are aligned with a first direction (x) whereas those for A and B are parallel, A and B being separated in a second direction (y). The detected output of the interferometer at frequency w.sub.1 is related to the magnetic gradient in the y direction, whereas the detected output at frequency w.sub.2 is related to the magnetic gradient in the x direction. Thus using two bias frequencies allows one interferometer to be used to detect two gradients (FIG. 8).
摘要翻译：光纤马赫 - 策德尔干涉仪的一个臂的两个部分（B，C）被磁性敏化，并且每个都施加了一个直流电。各个不同频率（w1，w2）的偏置场。干涉仪的另一臂的一部分（A）是磁性敏感的，并具有两个直流。施加到其上的偏置场，各自在不同频率（w1，w2）之一处。部分A和C的场与第一方向（x）对准，而对于A和B的场平行，A和B沿第二方向（y）分离。频率为w1的干涉仪的检测输出与y方向的磁梯度有关，而频率w2的检测输出与x方向的磁梯度有关。因此，使用两个偏置频率允许使用一个干涉仪来检测两个梯度（图8）。

38. 发明授权

US4641094A Magnetometer circuit for measuring the period of beat frequency maxima 失效
标题翻译：用于测量拍频最大值周期的磁力计电路
公开(公告)号：US4641094A
公开(公告)日：1987-02-03
申请号：US600955
申请日：1984-04-16
申请人： Murphy L. Dalton, Jr.
发明人： Murphy L. Dalton, Jr.
IPC分类号： G01R33/022 , G01R33/24 , G01R33/20 , G01V3/14
CPC分类号： G01R33/022 , G01R33/24
摘要： A conventional magnetometer produces an output signal (10) which comprises a series of pulses (12, 14, 16). Each of these pulses has a beat frequency maximum. These pulses are input to a comparator (50) which makes a comparison to a threshold voltage V.sub.0 to produce a bi-level detected signal at a line (62). The detected signal is input to an integrator (52) which produces a series of pulses (78, 80, 82) corresponding respectively with the magnetometer output signal pulses (12, 14, 16). The two states of the detected signal corresponding to positive and negative integration. The time period for the positive integration is proportional to the beat frequency maximum time width period for the corresponding magnetometer output signal pulse. Thus the integrated pulses (78, 80, 82) have an amplitude which is a measure of the maxima time width periods for the corresponding magnetometer signal pulses.
摘要翻译：传统的磁力计产生包括一系列脉冲（12,14,16）的输出信号（10）。这些脉冲中的每一个具有最大的拍频。这些脉冲被输入到与阈值电压V0进行比较以在线（62）产生双电平检测信号的比较器（50）。检测到的信号被输入到积分器（52），该积分器产生分别对应于磁力计输出信号脉冲（12,14,16）的一系列脉冲（78,80,82）。检测信号的两个状态对应于正和负整合。正积分的时间周期与相应的磁力计输出信号脉冲的拍频最大时间宽度周期成比例。因此，积分脉冲（78,80,82）具有作为对应的磁力计信号脉冲的最大时间宽度周期的量度的幅度。

39. 发明授权

US4623842A Magnetometer array with magnetic field sensors on elongate support 失效
标题翻译：磁力计阵列，带有细长支撑上的磁场传感器
公开(公告)号：US4623842A
公开(公告)日：1986-11-18
申请号：US524779
申请日：1983-08-19
申请人： Malcolm E. Bell , John E. McFee , Henry W. Morewood , Clayton G. Coffey
发明人： Malcolm E. Bell , John E. McFee , Henry W. Morewood , Clayton G. Coffey
IPC分类号： G01R33/022 , G01R33/04
CPC分类号： G01R33/04 , G01R33/022 , Y10S505/845
摘要： A fluxgate magnetometer with a linear array of three sensors equi-spaced along a support beam and accurately adjustable into the same spatial orientation for sensing magnetic field anomalies and/or for measuring a single axis component of a magnetic field at two or more points in space. The beam is mounted in an elongate housing provided with pairs of wedges, acting in opposition to one another at opposite ends of the beam, for flexing the beam to adjust the sensors, which have drive windings in containers secured to the beam, the drive windings being rotatably adjustable in their containers relative to sense windings and feedback windings.
摘要翻译：磁通门磁强计，具有沿着支撑梁等距分布的三个传感器的线性阵列，并且精确地可调节到相同的空间取向以感测磁场异常和/或用于测量空间中的两个或更多个点处的磁场的单个轴分量。梁安装在一个细长的壳体中，该壳体设置有一对楔形件，在梁的相对端彼此相对地起作用，用于弯曲梁以调节传感器，传感器在固定到梁的容器中具有驱动绕组，驱动绕组在其容器中相对于感测绕组和反馈绕组可旋转地调节。

40. 发明授权

US4492923A Apparatus for measuring the spatial scalar variation of a magnetic field with vector magnetic sensors on a moderately stable moving platform 失效
标题翻译：用于在适度稳定的移动平台上用矢量磁传感器测量磁场的空间标量变化的装置
公开(公告)号：US4492923A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-08
申请号：US390461
申请日：1982-06-21
申请人： George W. Byram
发明人： George W. Byram
IPC分类号： G01R33/02 , G01R33/022 , G01B7/14
CPC分类号： G01R33/022 , G01R33/0206 , Y10S505/846
摘要： An apparatus, using three gradiometers, measures the spatial variation of aagnetic field along a path of motion of the apparatus. The apparatus comprises three gradiometers oriented along the mutually orthogonal axes, x', y' and z' defined on the moving platform. The outputs of the gradiometers are the gradients of the magnetic field when the motion is considered to be in the y' direction. Three filters, each having an input connected to the output of one of the gradiometers, are constructed to have an output signal which has a relatively narrow positive peak with a relatively wide negative area on each side of the peak. The net area is approximately zero when the input to the filter is a doublet. Three squares, each having an input connected to the output of a filter, square their input signals. A summer, having three inputs connected to the outputs of the squarers, obtains the sum of the squares of the high-pass filtered components x', y' and z' of the magnetic field. A circuit, whose input is connected to the output of the summer, takes the square root of its input signal and outputs a signal corresponding to the magnitude of the variation of magnetic field along the path of motion of the platform.
摘要翻译：使用三个梯度计的装置测量沿设备的运动路径的磁场的空间变化。该装置包括沿着相互正交的轴定位的三个梯度计，其定义在移动平台上的x'，y'和z'。当运动被认为是在y'方向时，梯度计的输出是磁场的梯度。每个具有连接到一个梯度计的输出的输入的三个滤波器被构造成具有输出信号，该输出信号具有相对窄的正峰，峰值的每一侧具有相对宽的负区域。当滤波器的输入为双峰时，净面积约为零。每个具有连接到滤波器的输出的输入的三个方格对其输入信号进行平方。具有连接到平方器的输出的三个输入的夏季，获得磁场的高通滤波分量x'，y'和z'的平方和。其输入连接到夏季的输出的电路取其输入信号的平方根，并输出与沿平台运动路径的磁场变化大小对应的信号。

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