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31. 发明授权

US5648193A Toner processes 失效
标题翻译：墨粉处理
公开(公告)号：US5648193A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-15
申请号：US663420
申请日：1996-06-17
申请人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Guerino G. Sacripante , Daniel A. Foucher
发明人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Guerino G. Sacripante , Daniel A. Foucher
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G9/087
CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 , G03G9/08755 , G03G9/08791
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions, or particles comprised ofi) flushing a pigment into a sulfonated polyester resin, and which resin has a degree of sulfonation of from between about 2.5 and 20 mol percent;ii) dispersing the resulting sulfonated pigmented polyester resin into water, which water is at a temperature of from about 40 to about 95.degree. C., by a high speed shearing polytron device operating at speeds of from about 100 to about 5,000 revolutions per minute thereby enabling the formation of stable toner sized submicron particles, and which particles are of a volume average diameter of from about 5 to about 200 nanometers;iii) allowing the resulting dispersion to cool to from about 5 to about 10.degree. C. below the glass transition temperature of said pigmented sulfonated polyester resin;iv) adding an alkali metal halide solution, which solution contains from about 0.5 percent to about 5 percent by weight of water, followed by stirring and heating from about room temperature, about 25.degree. C., to a temperature below the resin Tg to induce aggregation of said submicron pigmented particles to obtain toner size particles of from about 3 to about 10 microns in volume average diameter and with a narrow GSD; or stirring and heating to a temperature below the resin Tg, followed by the addition of alkali metal halide solution until the desired toner size of from about 3 to about 10 microns in volume average diameter and with a narrow GSD is achieved; andv) recovering said toner by filtration and washing with cold water, drying said toner particles by vacuum, and thereafter, optionally blending charge additives and flow additives.
摘要翻译：一种调色剂组合物的制备方法或由以下组分组成的颗粒：i）将颜料冲洗成磺化聚酯树脂，并且所述树脂的磺化度为约2.5至20摩尔％; ii）通过以约100至约5,000转/分钟的速度操作的高速剪切聚酯装置将所得的磺化着色聚酯树脂分散在水中，该水在约40至约95℃的温度下，由此使得能够形成稳定的调色剂尺寸的亚微米颗粒，并且哪些颗粒的体积平均直径为约5至约200纳米; iii）使所得分散体冷却至低于所述着色的磺化聚酯树脂的玻璃化转变温度约5至约10℃; iv）加入碱金属卤化物溶液，该溶液含有约0.5％至约5％重量的水，然后在约25℃的约室温下搅拌和加热至低于树脂Tg的温度以诱导所述亚微米有色颗粒的聚集以获得体积平均直径为约3至约10微米并具有窄GSD的调色剂尺寸颗粒; 或搅拌并加热到低于树脂Tg的温度，然后加入碱金属卤化物溶液，直到达到体积平均直径和窄GSD约3至约10微米的所需调色剂尺寸; 和v）通过过滤回收所述调色剂并用冷水洗涤，真空干燥所述调色剂颗粒，然后任选地混合电荷添加剂和流动添加剂。

32. 发明授权

US5582951A Carrier processes 失效
标题翻译：运营商流程
公开(公告)号：US5582951A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-10
申请号：US498284
申请日：1995-07-03
申请人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper , Walter Mychajlowskij , Beng S. Ong
发明人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper , Walter Mychajlowskij , Beng S. Ong
IPC分类号： G03G9/107 , G03G9/113
CPC分类号： G03G9/1133 , G03G9/107 , G03G9/1132
摘要： A process for the preparation of carrier particles which comprises mixing a dispersion of water, submicron magnetic particles, and ionic surfactant with a latex comprised of resin particles suspended in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant that is counterionic in charge to said ionic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant; thereafter heating the resulting mixture below about the latex resin glass transition temperature (Tg) while stirring to form aggregates, followed by increasing the temperature of said mixture to about above the latex resin Tg, and subsequently adding additional counterionic or nonionic surfactant solution to minimize, or avoid any further growth in particle size during heating of the mixture about above the latex resin Tg, and wherein said resin Tg is in the range of from between about 45.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.
摘要翻译：一种制备载体颗粒的方法，其包括将水，亚微米磁性颗粒和离子表面活性剂的分散体与悬浮在含有负离子表面活性剂的水溶液中的树脂颗粒混合到所述离子表面活性剂上的胶乳混合，以及非离子表面活性剂然后在搅拌下将所得混合物在胶乳树脂玻璃化转变温度（Tg）以下加热以形成聚集体，随后将所述混合物的温度升高至胶乳树脂Tg的大约，然后加入另外的抗衡离子或非离子表面活性剂溶液，或者避免混合物加热到胶乳树脂Tg以上时粒径的任何进一步增长，并且其中所述树脂Tg在约45℃至约100℃的范围内。

33. 发明授权

US5527658A Toner aggregation processes using water insoluble transition metal containing powder 失效
标题翻译：使用水不溶性过渡金属的粉末的调色剂聚集方法
公开(公告)号：US5527658A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-18
申请号：US403043
申请日：1995-03-13
申请人： Michael A. Hopper , Raj D. Patel , H. Bruce Goodbrand , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz
发明人： Michael A. Hopper , Raj D. Patel , H. Bruce Goodbrand , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz
IPC分类号： G03G9/08
CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 , G03G9/0815
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion comprised of pigment, an ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend of (ii) about below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin, to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a volume average diameter of from between about 2 and about 15 microns and with a narrow particle size distribution as reflected in the particle diameter GSD of between about 1.15 and about 1.30, followed by the addition of a water insoluble transition metal containing powder ionic surfactant in an amount of from between about 0.05 and about 5 weight percent based on the weight of the aggregates; and(iv) heating said bound aggregates about above the Tg of the resin to form toner.
摘要翻译：一种制备调色剂的方法，包括：（i）制备由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成的颜料分散体; （ii）用由树脂，具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的胶乳剪切所述颜料分散体; （iii）将（ii）的上述剪切混合物加热到低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），形成体积平均直径为约2至约15微米的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体，并具有狭窄的粒径分布反映在颗粒直径GSD为约1.15至约1.30之间，随后加入含水粉末离子表面活性剂的量为约0.05至约5重量％聚集体和（iv）将所述结合的聚集体加热到高于树脂的Tg以形成调色剂。

34. 发明授权

US5501935A Toner aggregation processes 失效
标题翻译：调色剂聚合过程
公开(公告)号：US5501935A
公开(公告)日：1996-03-26
申请号：US373806
申请日：1995-01-17
申请人： Raj D. Patel , Michael A. Hopper , Paul J. Gerroir , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz
发明人： Raj D. Patel , Michael A. Hopper , Paul J. Gerroir , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G9/087 , G03G9/097
CPC分类号： G03G9/0819 , G03G9/0804 , G03G9/08706 , G03G9/08708 , G03G9/08711 , G03G9/08728 , G03G9/09733 , G03G9/0975
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions consisting essentially of(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(iv) subsequently adding further anionic or nonionic surfactant solution to minimize further growth in the coalescence (v); and(v) heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin and wherein said heating is from a temperature of about 103.degree. to about 120.degree. C., and wherein said toner compositions are spherical in shape.
摘要翻译：一种制备调色剂组合物的方法，其基本上由（i）制备颜料分散体组成，该分散体由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用由树脂，具有与所述离子表面活性剂相反的电荷极性的反离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂组成的胶乳或乳液共混物剪切所述颜料分散体; （iii）将上述剪切混合物加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）随后加入其它阴离子或非离子表面活性剂溶液以最小化聚结中的进一步生长（v）; 和（v）在所述树脂的Tg附近加热所述结合的聚集体，并且其中所述加热温度为约103℃至约120℃，并且其中所述调色剂组合物的形状为球形。

35. 发明授权

US5405728A Toner aggregation processes 失效
标题翻译：调色剂聚合过程
公开(公告)号：US5405728A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-11
申请号：US83116
申请日：1993-06-25
申请人： Michael A. Hopper , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz
发明人： Michael A. Hopper , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz
IPC分类号： G03G9/087 , G03G9/08 , G03G9/09 , G03G9/097
CPC分类号： G03G9/0815 , G03G9/0804 , G03G9/0812
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising(i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing the pigment dispersion with a latex containing a controlled solid contents of from about 50 weight percent to about 20 percent of polymer or resin, counterionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant in water, counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant thereby causing a flocculation or heterocoagulation of the formed particles of pigment, resin and charge control agent to form a dispersion of solids of from about 30 weight percent to 2 percent comprised of resin, pigment and optionally charge control agent in the mixture of nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants;(iii) heating the above sheared blend at a temperature of from about 5.degree. to about 25.degree. C. about below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin while continuously stirring to form toner sized aggregates with a narrow size dispersity; and(iv) heating the electrostatically bound aggregated particles at a temperature of from about 5.degree. to about 50.degree. C. about above the (Tg) of the resin to provide a toner composition comprised of resin, pigment and optionally a charge control agent.
摘要翻译：一种制备调色剂组合物的方法，包括（i）在水中制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用含有约50重量％至约20重量％的聚合物或树脂，抗衡离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂在水中的控制固体含量的胶乳剪切颜料分散体，具有相反电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂所述离子表面活性剂因此引起所形成的颜料，树脂和电荷控制剂颗粒的絮凝或异凝，以形成约30重量％至2重量％的固体分散体，其由树脂，颜料和任选的电荷控制剂组成，非离子，阴离子和阳离子表面活性剂; （iii）在约5℃至约25℃的温度下加热上述剪切的共混物，约低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），同时连续搅拌以形成具有窄尺寸分散性的调色剂尺寸的聚集体; 和（iv）在大约高于树脂（Tg）约5℃至约50℃的温度下加热静电结合的凝集颗粒，以提供由树脂，颜料和任选的电荷控制剂组成的调色剂组合物。

36. 发明授权

US5364729A Toner aggregation processes 失效
标题翻译：调色剂聚合过程
公开(公告)号：US5364729A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-15
申请号：US082660
申请日：1993-06-25
申请人： Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Raj D. Patel , Michael A. Hopper
发明人： Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Raj D. Patel , Michael A. Hopper
IPC分类号： G03G9/087 , G03G9/08 , G03G9/09 , G03G9/097
CPC分类号： G03G9/0815 , G03G9/0804 , G03G9/0812
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin, to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution; and(iv) heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin.
摘要翻译：一种制备调色剂组合物的方法，包括：（i）制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用由树脂，具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的胶乳或乳液共混物剪切所述颜料分散体; （iii）将上述剪切混合物加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; 和（iv）在树脂的Tg附近加热所述结合的聚集体。

37. 发明授权

US5344738A Process of making toner compositions 失效
标题翻译：制备调色剂组合物的方法
公开(公告)号：US5344738A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-06
申请号：US83146
申请日：1993-06-25
申请人： Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Raj D. Patel , Michael A. Hopper
发明人： Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Raj D. Patel , Michael A. Hopper
IPC分类号： G03G9/087 , G03G9/08 , G03G9/09 , G03G9/097
CPC分类号： G03G9/09758 , G03G9/0804 , G03G9/09741 , G03G9/0975
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions with a volume median particle size of from about 1 to about 25 microns, which process comprises:(i) preparing by emulsion polymerization an anionic charged polymeric latex of submicron particle size, and comprised of resin particles and anionic surfactant;(ii) preparing a dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of optional pigment, an effective amount of cationic flocculant surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(iii) shearing the dispersion (ii) with the polymeric latex thereby causing a flocculation or heterocoagulation of the formed particles of optional pigment, resin and charge control agent to form a high viscosity gel in which solid particles are uniformly dispersed;(iv) stirring the above gel comprised of latex particles, and oppositely charged dispersion particles for an effective period of time to form electrostatically bound relatively stable toner size aggregates with narrow particle size distribution; and(v) heating the electrostatically bound aggregated particles at a temperature above the resin glass transition temperature (Tg) thereby providing the toner composition comprised of resin, optional pigment and optional charge control agent.
摘要翻译：一种制备体积中值粒度为约1至约25微米的调色剂组合物的方法，该方法包括：（i）通过乳液聚合制备亚微米粒度的阴离子带电聚合物胶乳，并由树脂颗粒和阴离子表面活性剂; （ii）在水中制备分散体，该分散体由任选的颜料，有效量的阳离子絮凝剂表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （iii）用聚合物胶乳剪切分散体（ii），由此引起所形成的任选颜料，树脂和电荷控制剂颗粒的絮凝或杂合，形成固体颗粒均匀分散的高粘度凝胶; （iv）将上述由胶乳颗粒组成的凝胶和相反电荷的分散颗粒搅拌有效的时间以形成具有窄的粒度分布的静电粘合的相对稳定的调色剂尺寸的聚集体; 和（v）在高于树脂玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的温度下加热静电结合的聚集颗粒，从而提供由树脂，任选颜料和任选的电荷控制剂组成的调色剂组合物。

38. 发明授权

US5763133A Toner compositions and processes 失效
标题翻译：调色剂组成和工艺
公开(公告)号：US5763133A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-09
申请号：US825451
申请日：1997-03-28
申请人： Beng S. Ong , Walter Mychajlowskij , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Raj D. Patel , David J. Sanders , Stephan V. Drappel
发明人： Beng S. Ong , Walter Mychajlowskij , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Raj D. Patel , David J. Sanders , Stephan V. Drappel
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G9/087 , G03G9/09 , G03G9/097
CPC分类号： G03G9/08793 , G03G9/0804 , G03G9/08708 , G03G9/08711 , G03G9/08728 , G03G9/08731 , G03G9/08733
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner comprising (i) blending (a) an aqueous pigment dispersion containing a first ionic surfactant and an optional charge control agent with (b) a latex blend comprised of linear polymer and crosslinked polymer particles, optional nonionic surfactant and a second ionic surfactant with a charge polarity opposite to that of said first ionic surfactant in said pigment dispersion; (ii) heating the resulting mixture at about below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the linear latex polymer to form toner sized aggregates; and (iii) subsequently heating said aggregate suspension about above the Tg of the linear latex polymer to effect fusion or coalescence of said aggregates.
摘要翻译：一种制备调色剂的方法，包括（i）将（a）含有第一离子型表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂的水性颜料分散体与（b）由线性聚合物和交联聚合物颗粒组成的胶乳共混物，任选的非离子表面活性剂和在所述颜料分散体中具有与所述第一离子型表面活性剂相反的电荷极性的第二离子表面活性剂; （ii）将所得混合物加热至低于线性胶乳聚合物的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），以形成调色剂尺寸的聚集体; 和（iii）随后将所述聚集体悬浮液加热至高于线性胶乳聚合物的Tg，以实现所述聚集体的熔融或聚结。

39. 发明授权

US5747215A Toner compositions and processes 失效
标题翻译：调色剂组成和工艺
公开(公告)号：US5747215A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-05
申请号：US841300
申请日：1997-04-29
申请人： Beng S. Ong , Walter Mychajlowskijj , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Raj D. Patel , David J. Sanders , Stephan V. Drappel
发明人： Beng S. Ong , Walter Mychajlowskijj , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Raj D. Patel , David J. Sanders , Stephan V. Drappel
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G9/087 , G03G9/09 , G03G9/097
CPC分类号： G03G9/08793 , G03G9/0804 , G03G9/08708 , G03G9/08711 , G03G9/08728 , G03G9/08731 , G03G9/08733
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner comprising (i) blending (a) a colorant dispersion containing a first ionic surfactant and an optional charge control agent with (b) a latex blend comprised of linear polymer and crosslinked polymer particles, optional nonionic surfactant and a second ionic surfactant with a charge polarity opposite to that of said first ionic surfactant in said colorant dispersion; (ii) heating the resulting mixture at about below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the linear latex polymer to form toner sized aggregates; and (iii) subsequently heating said aggregate suspension about above the Tg of the linear latex polymer to effect fusion or coalescence of said aggregates, and wherein said linear polymer is of an M.sub.w of from about 20,000 to about 40,000.
摘要翻译：一种制备调色剂的方法，包括（i）将（a）含有第一离子型表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂的着色剂分散体与（b）由直链聚合物和交联聚合物颗粒组成的胶乳共混物，任选的非离子表面活性剂和第二离子表面活性剂，其电荷极性与所述着色剂分散体中所述第一离子表面活性剂的极性相反; （ii）将所得混合物加热至低于线性胶乳聚合物的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），以形成调色剂尺寸的聚集体; 和（iii）随后将所述聚集体悬浮液加热至高于线性胶乳聚合物的Tg以实现所述聚集体的熔融或聚结，并且其中所述线性聚合物的Mw为约20,000至约40,000。

40. 发明授权

US5698223A Toner process 失效
标题翻译：调色剂过程
公开(公告)号：US5698223A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-16
申请号：US829551
申请日：1997-03-28
申请人： Walter Mychajlowskij , Guerino G. Sacripante , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz
发明人： Walter Mychajlowskij , Guerino G. Sacripante , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G9/087
CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 , G03G9/08768
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner comprising (i) solubilizing an imide based resin in water at pH of from about 10 to about 13 and which solubilizing is accomplished in the presence of nonionic surfactants and anionic surfactants; followed by precipitating the resulting dissolved imide resin into colloidal particles with a size diameter of from about 20 nanometers to about 500 nanometers, and which precipitating is accomplished with a high shearing device operating at a speed of from about 500 to about 2,000 revolutions per minute; acidifying the resulting mixture to a pH of from about 2 to about 4; (ii) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an oppositely charged ionic surfactant and optionally charge control agent; (iii) shearing (i) and (ii), thereby causing a flocculation of the resin, pigment, surfactants, and optional charge control agent; (iv) heating the resulting flocculent mixture of (iii) with stirring at a temperature of from about 25.degree. C. to about 1.degree. C. below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the imide resin to effect formation of electrostatically bounded toner sized aggregates, and wherein the imide resin has a Tg of from about 45.degree. C. to about 65.degree. C.; (v) heating the resulting aggregate suspension of (iv) in the presence of additional anionic surfactant selected in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 5 weight percent based on the weight percent of the total reaction mixture solids, and which heating is at a temperature of from about 10.degree. C. to about 55.degree. C. above the Tg of the imide resin; and optionally cooling, and optionally (vi) separating said toner by washing, and thereafter drying said toner.
摘要翻译：一种制备调色剂的方法，包括（i）将酰亚胺基树脂溶解在约10至约13的pH下，并且在非离子表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂存在下进行增溶; 然后将所得溶解的酰亚胺树脂沉淀成尺寸直径为约20纳米至约500纳米的胶体颗粒，并且以约500至约2000转/分钟的速度运行的高剪切装置完成沉淀; 将所得混合物酸化至约2至约4的pH; （ii）在水中制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，相反电荷的离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （iii）剪切（i）和（ii），从而引起树脂，颜料，表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂的絮凝; （iv）在低于酰亚胺树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的约25℃至约1℃的温度下搅拌加热得到的（ⅲ）絮状混合物，以形成静电有界调色剂尺寸聚集体，并且其中所述酰亚胺树脂的Tg为约45℃至约65℃。（v）在所选择的另外的阴离子表面活性剂存在下加热得到的（iv）聚集体悬浮液，其量为总反应混合物固体的重量百分比为约0.01至约5重量％，加热为温度高于酰亚胺树脂的Tg约10℃至约55℃; 并任选地冷却，并且任选地（vi）通过洗涤分离所述调色剂，然后干燥所述调色剂。

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