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31. 发明授权

US5536615A Liquid developers and toner aggregation processes 失效
标题翻译：液体显影剂和调色剂聚集过程
公开(公告)号：US5536615A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-16
申请号：US498206
申请日：1995-07-05
申请人： Michael A. Hopper , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Peter G. Odell , Bernard Grushkin , George A. Gibson
发明人： Michael A. Hopper , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Peter G. Odell , Bernard Grushkin , George A. Gibson
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G9/12 , G03G9/135 , G03G9/13
CPC分类号： G03G9/12 , G03G9/0804 , G03G9/0819 , G03G9/1355
摘要： A process for the preparation of liquid developers comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, and an ionic surfactant;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of a nonionic surfactant, resin, and a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and optionally adding further anionic, or nonionic surfactant to stabilize the aggregates obtained in (iii);(iii) heating the above resulting sheared aqueous blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(iv) heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin to form toner size particles in an aqueous medium and which particles possess a narrow particle size distribution; and(v) separating from the aqueous medium toner particles of resin and pigment, and dispersing said toner particles in a carrier fluid.
摘要翻译：一种用于制备液体显影剂的方法，包括：（i）制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料和离子表面活性剂组成; （ii）用包含非离子表面活性剂，树脂和抗衡离子表面活性剂的胶乳或乳液共混物剪切所述颜料分散体，所述非离子表面活性剂，树脂和所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性与所述离子表面活性剂具有相反的电荷极性，（iii）中得到的聚集体; （iii）将上述所得的剪切含水混合物加热到低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的温度以形成具有窄粒度分布的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）将所述结合的聚集体加热到树脂的Tg附近，以在水性介质中形成调色剂颗粒，并且该颗粒具有窄的粒度分布; 和（v）从水性介质中分离树脂和颜料的调色剂颗粒，并将所述调色剂颗粒分散在载体流体中。

32. 发明授权

US5496676A Toner aggregation processes 失效
标题翻译：调色剂聚合过程
公开(公告)号：US5496676A
公开(公告)日：1996-03-05
申请号：US411196
申请日：1995-03-27
申请人： Melvin D. Croucher , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper , Bernard Grushkin
发明人： Melvin D. Croucher , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper , Bernard Grushkin
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G9/087
CPC分类号： G03G9/0815 , G03G9/0804
摘要： A process comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion comprised of pigment, ionic surfactant, and optional charge control agent;(ii) mixing at least two resins in the form of latexes, each latex comprising a resin, ionic and nonionic surfactants and optionally a charge control agent, and wherein the ionic surfactant has a countercharge to the ionic surfactant of (i) to obtain a latex blend;(iii) shearing said pigment dispersion with the latex blend of (ii) comprised of resins, counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(iv) heating the above sheared blends of (iii) below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin, to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution; and(v) subsequently adding further anionic surfactant solution to minimize further growth of the bound aggregates (vi);(vi) heating said bound aggregates above about the glass transition temperature Tg of the resin to form stable toner particles; and optionally(vii) separating and drying the toner.
摘要翻译：一种方法，包括：（i）制备由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成的颜料分散体; （ii）混合至少两种胶乳形式的树脂，每种胶乳包含树脂，离子和非离子表面活性剂以及任选的电荷控制剂，并且其中所述离子表面活性剂与（i）的离子表面活性剂相反，以获得胶乳混合物（iii）用（ii）由树脂构成的胶乳混合物剪切所述颜料分散体，具有与所述离子表面活性剂相反的电荷极性的反离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂; （iv）将上述（iii）的剪切混合物加热到约树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）以下以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; 和（v）随后加入另外的阴离子表面活性剂溶液以使结合的聚集体（vi）的进一步生长最小化。（vi）将所述结合的聚集体加热到高于树脂的玻璃化转变温度Tg以形成稳定的调色剂颗粒; 和（vii）分离和干燥调色剂。

33. 发明授权

US5391456A Toner aggregation processes 失效
标题翻译：调色剂聚合过程
公开(公告)号：US5391456A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-21
申请号：US203095
申请日：1994-02-28
申请人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper , Melvin D. Croucher
发明人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper , Melvin D. Croucher
IPC分类号： G03G9/087 , G03G9/08 , G03G9/09
CPC分类号： G03G9/0815 , G03G9/0804
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising:(i) forming a dispersion of resin in an aqueous ionic surfactant solution;(ii) preparing pigment dispersions in water of three different pigments each of a dissimilar color, each dispersion being comprised of a pigment dispersed in water and which preparation utilizes nonionic dispersants, and optionally an ionic surfactant;(iii) blending the prepared resin dispersed as a latex with two, or optionally three of the different color pigment dispersions of step (ii);(iv) adding an aqueous solution of counterionic surfactant as a coagulant to the formed resin-pigment blends, while continuously subjecting the mixture to high shear, to induce a homogeneous gel of the flocculated resin-pigments blend;(v) heating the above sheared gel at temperatures between about 20.degree. C. and about 5.degree. C. below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin while continuously stirring at speeds between about 200 and about 500 revolutions per minute to form statically bound toner sized aggregates between about 2 and about 12 microns in average volume diameter with a narrow size dispersity and with a geometric size distribution (GSD) between 1.10 and 1.25;(vi) heating the statically bound aggregated particles at temperatures of from between 25.degree. C. and 40.degree. C. above the Tg of the resin to form coalesced rigid particles of a toner composition comprised of polymeric resin, and pigment agent; and optionally(vii) separating and drying said toner.
摘要翻译：一种制备调色剂组合物的方法，包括：（i）在离子表面活性剂水溶液中形成树脂分散体; （ii）将颜料分散体在三种不同颜色的不同颜料的水中制备，每种分散体由分散在水中的颜料组成，并且该制剂使用非离子分散剂和任选的离子表面活性剂; （iii）将作为胶乳分散的制备的树脂与步骤（ii）的两种或任选三种不同颜色的颜料分散体共混; （iv）在形成的树脂 - 颜料混合物中加入作为凝结剂的抗衡离子表面活性剂的水溶液，同时连续地对混合物进行高剪切，以诱导絮凝的树脂 - 颜料混合物的均匀凝胶; （v）在约20℃至约5℃的温度下将树脂加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的温度，同时以约200至约500转/分钟的速度连续搅拌以形成静态平均体积直径约2至约12微米的结合的调色剂尺寸的聚集体具有窄尺寸分散度和1.10至1.25之间的几何尺寸分布（GSD）; （vi）在树脂的Tg高于25℃至40℃的温度下加热静态结合的聚集颗粒，以形成由聚合物树脂和颜料剂组成的调色剂组合物的聚结刚性颗粒; 和（vii）分离和干燥所述调色剂。

34. 发明授权

US5683847A Toner aggregation latex processes 失效
标题翻译：调色剂聚集胶乳工艺
公开(公告)号：US5683847A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-04
申请号：US619055
申请日：1996-03-20
申请人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Walter Mychajlowskij , Michael A. Hopper
发明人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Walter Mychajlowskij , Michael A. Hopper
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G9/087
CPC分类号： G03G9/08711 , G03G9/0804
摘要： A process comprising: (i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, a cationic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent; (ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex comprised of water, resin, a counterionic or anionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said cationic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant, and wherein said latex is prepared by the addition of monomers containing a chain transfer agent and a organic soluble initiator to a water phase containing a anionic surfactant, and said nonionic surfactant, followed by the addition of a water soluble initiator, and subsequently heating; (iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates; and (iv) heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin.
摘要翻译：一种方法，包括：（i）制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，阳离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用包含水，树脂，具有与所述阳离子表面活性剂相反的电荷极性的反离子或阴离子表面活性剂的胶乳和非离子表面活性剂剪切所述颜料分散体，并且其中所述胶乳通过加入含有链转移剂和有机可溶性引发剂的单体与含有阴离子表面活性剂的水相和所述非离子表面活性剂，然后加入水溶性引发剂，随后加热; （iii）将上述剪切混合物加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）以形成静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; 和（iv）在树脂的Tg附近加热所述结合的聚集体。

35. 发明授权

US5648193A Toner processes 失效
标题翻译：墨粉处理
公开(公告)号：US5648193A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-15
申请号：US663420
申请日：1996-06-17
申请人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Guerino G. Sacripante , Daniel A. Foucher
发明人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Guerino G. Sacripante , Daniel A. Foucher
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G9/087
CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 , G03G9/08755 , G03G9/08791
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions, or particles comprised ofi) flushing a pigment into a sulfonated polyester resin, and which resin has a degree of sulfonation of from between about 2.5 and 20 mol percent;ii) dispersing the resulting sulfonated pigmented polyester resin into water, which water is at a temperature of from about 40 to about 95.degree. C., by a high speed shearing polytron device operating at speeds of from about 100 to about 5,000 revolutions per minute thereby enabling the formation of stable toner sized submicron particles, and which particles are of a volume average diameter of from about 5 to about 200 nanometers;iii) allowing the resulting dispersion to cool to from about 5 to about 10.degree. C. below the glass transition temperature of said pigmented sulfonated polyester resin;iv) adding an alkali metal halide solution, which solution contains from about 0.5 percent to about 5 percent by weight of water, followed by stirring and heating from about room temperature, about 25.degree. C., to a temperature below the resin Tg to induce aggregation of said submicron pigmented particles to obtain toner size particles of from about 3 to about 10 microns in volume average diameter and with a narrow GSD; or stirring and heating to a temperature below the resin Tg, followed by the addition of alkali metal halide solution until the desired toner size of from about 3 to about 10 microns in volume average diameter and with a narrow GSD is achieved; andv) recovering said toner by filtration and washing with cold water, drying said toner particles by vacuum, and thereafter, optionally blending charge additives and flow additives.
摘要翻译：一种调色剂组合物的制备方法或由以下组分组成的颗粒：i）将颜料冲洗成磺化聚酯树脂，并且所述树脂的磺化度为约2.5至20摩尔％; ii）通过以约100至约5,000转/分钟的速度操作的高速剪切聚酯装置将所得的磺化着色聚酯树脂分散在水中，该水在约40至约95℃的温度下，由此使得能够形成稳定的调色剂尺寸的亚微米颗粒，并且哪些颗粒的体积平均直径为约5至约200纳米; iii）使所得分散体冷却至低于所述着色的磺化聚酯树脂的玻璃化转变温度约5至约10℃; iv）加入碱金属卤化物溶液，该溶液含有约0.5％至约5％重量的水，然后在约25℃的约室温下搅拌和加热至低于树脂Tg的温度以诱导所述亚微米有色颗粒的聚集以获得体积平均直径为约3至约10微米并具有窄GSD的调色剂尺寸颗粒; 或搅拌并加热到低于树脂Tg的温度，然后加入碱金属卤化物溶液，直到达到体积平均直径和窄GSD约3至约10微米的所需调色剂尺寸; 和v）通过过滤回收所述调色剂并用冷水洗涤，真空干燥所述调色剂颗粒，然后任选地混合电荷添加剂和流动添加剂。

36. 发明授权

US5582951A Carrier processes 失效
标题翻译：运营商流程
公开(公告)号：US5582951A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-10
申请号：US498284
申请日：1995-07-03
申请人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper , Walter Mychajlowskij , Beng S. Ong
发明人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper , Walter Mychajlowskij , Beng S. Ong
IPC分类号： G03G9/107 , G03G9/113
CPC分类号： G03G9/1133 , G03G9/107 , G03G9/1132
摘要： A process for the preparation of carrier particles which comprises mixing a dispersion of water, submicron magnetic particles, and ionic surfactant with a latex comprised of resin particles suspended in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant that is counterionic in charge to said ionic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant; thereafter heating the resulting mixture below about the latex resin glass transition temperature (Tg) while stirring to form aggregates, followed by increasing the temperature of said mixture to about above the latex resin Tg, and subsequently adding additional counterionic or nonionic surfactant solution to minimize, or avoid any further growth in particle size during heating of the mixture about above the latex resin Tg, and wherein said resin Tg is in the range of from between about 45.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.
摘要翻译：一种制备载体颗粒的方法，其包括将水，亚微米磁性颗粒和离子表面活性剂的分散体与悬浮在含有负离子表面活性剂的水溶液中的树脂颗粒混合到所述离子表面活性剂上的胶乳混合，以及非离子表面活性剂然后在搅拌下将所得混合物在胶乳树脂玻璃化转变温度（Tg）以下加热以形成聚集体，随后将所述混合物的温度升高至胶乳树脂Tg的大约，然后加入另外的抗衡离子或非离子表面活性剂溶液，或者避免混合物加热到胶乳树脂Tg以上时粒径的任何进一步增长，并且其中所述树脂Tg在约45℃至约100℃的范围内。

37. 发明授权

US5561025A Toner aggregation processes 失效
标题翻译：调色剂聚合过程
公开(公告)号：US5561025A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-01
申请号：US497996
申请日：1995-07-03
申请人： Francisco E. Torres , Raj D. Patel , Michael A. Hopper , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz
发明人： Francisco E. Torres , Raj D. Patel , Michael A. Hopper , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz
IPC分类号： G03G9/087
CPC分类号： G03G9/087
摘要： A process for the preparation of polymer latex particles which comprises the emulsion polymerization of a mixture of monomer, polar comonomer, water, surfactant, initiator, and a water phase termination agent, and wherein the water phase termination agent is selected from the group consisting of butanethiol, pentanethiol, hexanethiol, heptanethiol, octanethiol, and carbon tetrabromide (CBr.sub.4).
摘要翻译：一种制备聚合物胶乳颗粒的方法，其包括单体，极性共聚单体，水，表面活性剂，引发剂和水相终止剂的混合物的乳液聚合，并且其中水相终止剂选自丁硫醇，戊硫醇，己硫醇，庚硫醇，辛硫醇和四溴化碳（CBr4）。

38. 发明授权

US5527658A Toner aggregation processes using water insoluble transition metal containing powder 失效
标题翻译：使用水不溶性过渡金属的粉末的调色剂聚集方法
公开(公告)号：US5527658A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-18
申请号：US403043
申请日：1995-03-13
申请人： Michael A. Hopper , Raj D. Patel , H. Bruce Goodbrand , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz
发明人： Michael A. Hopper , Raj D. Patel , H. Bruce Goodbrand , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz
IPC分类号： G03G9/08
CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 , G03G9/0815
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion comprised of pigment, an ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend of (ii) about below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin, to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a volume average diameter of from between about 2 and about 15 microns and with a narrow particle size distribution as reflected in the particle diameter GSD of between about 1.15 and about 1.30, followed by the addition of a water insoluble transition metal containing powder ionic surfactant in an amount of from between about 0.05 and about 5 weight percent based on the weight of the aggregates; and(iv) heating said bound aggregates about above the Tg of the resin to form toner.
摘要翻译：一种制备调色剂的方法，包括：（i）制备由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成的颜料分散体; （ii）用由树脂，具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的胶乳剪切所述颜料分散体; （iii）将（ii）的上述剪切混合物加热到低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），形成体积平均直径为约2至约15微米的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体，并具有狭窄的粒径分布反映在颗粒直径GSD为约1.15至约1.30之间，随后加入含水粉末离子表面活性剂的量为约0.05至约5重量％聚集体和（iv）将所述结合的聚集体加热到高于树脂的Tg以形成调色剂。

39. 发明授权

US5501935A Toner aggregation processes 失效
标题翻译：调色剂聚合过程
公开(公告)号：US5501935A
公开(公告)日：1996-03-26
申请号：US373806
申请日：1995-01-17
申请人： Raj D. Patel , Michael A. Hopper , Paul J. Gerroir , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz
发明人： Raj D. Patel , Michael A. Hopper , Paul J. Gerroir , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G9/087 , G03G9/097
CPC分类号： G03G9/0819 , G03G9/0804 , G03G9/08706 , G03G9/08708 , G03G9/08711 , G03G9/08728 , G03G9/09733 , G03G9/0975
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions consisting essentially of(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(iv) subsequently adding further anionic or nonionic surfactant solution to minimize further growth in the coalescence (v); and(v) heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin and wherein said heating is from a temperature of about 103.degree. to about 120.degree. C., and wherein said toner compositions are spherical in shape.
摘要翻译：一种制备调色剂组合物的方法，其基本上由（i）制备颜料分散体组成，该分散体由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用由树脂，具有与所述离子表面活性剂相反的电荷极性的反离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂组成的胶乳或乳液共混物剪切所述颜料分散体; （iii）将上述剪切混合物加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）随后加入其它阴离子或非离子表面活性剂溶液以最小化聚结中的进一步生长（v）; 和（v）在所述树脂的Tg附近加热所述结合的聚集体，并且其中所述加热温度为约103℃至约120℃，并且其中所述调色剂组合物的形状为球形。

40. 发明授权

US5405728A Toner aggregation processes 失效
标题翻译：调色剂聚合过程
公开(公告)号：US5405728A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-11
申请号：US83116
申请日：1993-06-25
申请人： Michael A. Hopper , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz
发明人： Michael A. Hopper , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz
IPC分类号： G03G9/087 , G03G9/08 , G03G9/09 , G03G9/097
CPC分类号： G03G9/0815 , G03G9/0804 , G03G9/0812
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising(i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing the pigment dispersion with a latex containing a controlled solid contents of from about 50 weight percent to about 20 percent of polymer or resin, counterionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant in water, counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant thereby causing a flocculation or heterocoagulation of the formed particles of pigment, resin and charge control agent to form a dispersion of solids of from about 30 weight percent to 2 percent comprised of resin, pigment and optionally charge control agent in the mixture of nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants;(iii) heating the above sheared blend at a temperature of from about 5.degree. to about 25.degree. C. about below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin while continuously stirring to form toner sized aggregates with a narrow size dispersity; and(iv) heating the electrostatically bound aggregated particles at a temperature of from about 5.degree. to about 50.degree. C. about above the (Tg) of the resin to provide a toner composition comprised of resin, pigment and optionally a charge control agent.
摘要翻译：一种制备调色剂组合物的方法，包括（i）在水中制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用含有约50重量％至约20重量％的聚合物或树脂，抗衡离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂在水中的控制固体含量的胶乳剪切颜料分散体，具有相反电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂所述离子表面活性剂因此引起所形成的颜料，树脂和电荷控制剂颗粒的絮凝或异凝，以形成约30重量％至2重量％的固体分散体，其由树脂，颜料和任选的电荷控制剂组成，非离子，阴离子和阳离子表面活性剂; （iii）在约5℃至约25℃的温度下加热上述剪切的共混物，约低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），同时连续搅拌以形成具有窄尺寸分散性的调色剂尺寸的聚集体; 和（iv）在大约高于树脂（Tg）约5℃至约50℃的温度下加热静电结合的凝集颗粒，以提供由树脂，颜料和任选的电荷控制剂组成的调色剂组合物。

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