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31. 发明授权

US5046478A Recuperative furnace system for space air and domestic hot water 失效
标题翻译：空调空调和家用热水回热炉系统
公开(公告)号：US5046478A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-10
申请号：US620970
申请日：1990-11-30
申请人： Lawrence G. Clawson
发明人： Lawrence G. Clawson
IPC分类号： F24H6/00 , F24H8/00
CPC分类号： F24H6/00 , F24H8/00 , Y02B30/102
摘要： A recuperative furnace system for space air and domestic hot water wherein a combustion product heat exchanger and a space air heat exchanger are each operated in counterflow manner. The dew point of the combustion products are elevated before entry into the combustion product heat exchanger and the water to be heated is introduced at the top at a temperature substantially below the natural dew point of the combustion products so that the fins of the heat exchanger are maintained in a substantially continuous wet state by enhanced condensation. The water thus heated is conveyed to a space air heat exchanger in counterflow to the space air so that the space air is heated to a relatively hot temperature (e.g. about 120.degree. F.) while still cooling the water to a low enough temperature (e.g. 90.degree. F.) so that the water can be looped back to the combustion product heat exchanger and still provide continuous wet operation. Alternately, the hot water can be diverted for domestic use and/or used to heat water in a stratified hot water tank.
摘要翻译：用于空气和家用热水的回热炉系统，其中燃烧产物热交换器和空气空气热交换器各自以逆流方式操作。燃烧产物的露点在进入燃烧产物热交换器之前升高，并且待加热的水在高于大致低于燃烧产物的天然露点的温度的顶部引入，使得热交换器的翅片通过增强的冷凝保持在基本连续的湿润状态。如此加热的水被输送到空间空气热交换器逆流到空间空气，使得空间空气被加热到相对较热的温度（例如约120°F），同时仍然将水冷却到足够低的温度（例如 90°F），使得水可以循环回到燃烧产物热交换器，并且仍然提供连续的湿式操作。或者，热水可以转移用于家庭用途和/或用于加热分层热水箱中的水。

32. 发明授权

US4575948A Pneumatic transport and heat exchange systems 失效
标题翻译：气动运输和热交换系统
公开(公告)号：US4575948A
公开(公告)日：1986-03-18
申请号：US467392
申请日：1983-02-17
申请人： Lester G. Massey , Lawrence G. Clawson , Andrew J. Syska
发明人： Lester G. Massey , Lawrence G. Clawson , Andrew J. Syska
IPC分类号： B01J8/18 , F23L15/04 , F28C3/12 , F28D19/02 , F26B3/10
CPC分类号： B01J8/1836 , F23L15/04 , F28C3/12 , F28D19/02 , B01J2208/00053 , B01J2208/0007 , B01J2208/00088 , B01J2208/00371 , Y02E20/348
摘要： Gas-solids transport and heat exchange techniques are disclosed wherein solid particulate material is circulated in a "figure 8" or a circular flow path for selective contact and/or direct heat exchange with gaseous media. The particulate material is introduced into streams of gaseous media at spaced locations in the flow path and subsequently separated from the gaseous streams following contact and/or heat exchange therewith. The gaseous streams are maintained separate from one another by loose packed bed columns of particulate material formed in the flow path and used to introduce the particulate material into the gaseous streams. The flow rate of the particulate material is regulated by the controlled biasing of particulate material from each of the columns thereof directly into the gaseous streams, and the particulate material is circulated solely through the use of the gaseous media and the force of gravity. The particulate material is circulated in cocurrent relationship with each of the gaseous streams in figure 8 flow path systems and, in circular flow path systems, the particulate material is circulated in cocurrent relationship with one of the gaseous streams and in countercurrent relationship with the other of the gaseous streams. In heat exchange applications, heat transfer between the streams of gaseous media is provided as a function of the flow rate of the particulate material and the relative flow rates of the streams of gaseous media.
摘要翻译：公开了气固体输送和热交换技术，其中固体颗粒材料在“图8”或圆形流动路径中循环，用于与气体介质的选择性接触和/或直接热交换。颗粒材料在流动路径中的间隔位置处被引入气态介质流中，随后在与其接触和/或热交换之后与气流分离。通过在流动路径中形成的颗粒材料的松散填充床柱将气流彼此分离，并将颗粒材料引入气流中。颗粒材料的流速通过将颗粒材料从其每个柱的受控偏压直接进入气流来调节，并且颗粒材料仅通过使用气体介质和重力循环。颗粒材料与图8流路系统中的每种气流以并流关系循环，并且在圆形流动路径系统中，颗粒材料与气流中的一种以并流关系循环并与另一种气流形成逆流关系气流。在热交换应用中，提供气体介质流之间的热传递作为颗粒材料的流速和气体介质流的相对流速的函数。

33. 发明授权

US06861169B2 Cogeneration of power and heat by an integrated fuel cell power system 有权
标题翻译：一体化燃料电池电力系统的热电联产
公开(公告)号：US06861169B2
公开(公告)日：2005-03-01
申请号：US10141493
申请日：2002-05-08
申请人： Mark R. Hagan , Matthew H. Dorson , Lawrence G. Clawson , Michael Leschiner
发明人： Mark R. Hagan , Matthew H. Dorson , Lawrence G. Clawson , Michael Leschiner
IPC分类号： F24H1/00 , F02G5/02 , F25B27/02 , H01M8/00 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/06 , H01M8/18
CPC分类号： H01M8/04067 , F02G5/02 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/0612 , H01M8/0662 , Y02E20/14 , Y02T10/166
摘要： Interconnection layouts are described that are particularly effective in the construction of a steam reformer/fuel cell combination for providing domestic heat and/or hot water as well as electricity. A distinguishing feature of the interconnections is that they permit the operator to optimize the efficiency of operation of the integrated system, and provide a higher efficiency at optimum operation compared to prior art designs. Combinations of reformer/fuel cell systems with conventional furnaces or boilers are also described.
摘要翻译：描述了在构建用于提供家用热和/或热水以及电力的蒸汽重整器/燃料电池组合中特别有效的互连布局。互连的一个突出特点是它们允许操作员优化集成系统的操作效率，并且与现有技术设计相比在最佳操作中提供更高的效率。还描述了重整器/燃料电池系统与常规炉或锅炉的组合。

34. 发明授权

US06468480B1 Apparatus for converting hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide 失效
标题翻译：将烃燃料转化为氢气和二氧化碳的设备
公开(公告)号：US06468480B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-22
申请号：US09184618
申请日：1998-11-02
申请人： Lawrence G. Clawson , William L. Mitchell , Jeffrey M. Bentley , Johannes H. J. Thijssen
发明人： Lawrence G. Clawson , William L. Mitchell , Jeffrey M. Bentley , Johannes H. J. Thijssen
IPC分类号： B01J800
CPC分类号： H01M8/0631 , B01J8/0278 , B01J8/0285 , B01J8/0465 , B01J8/0469 , B01J8/048 , B01J8/0492 , B01J8/0496 , B01J2208/00203 , B01J2208/0053 , B01J2208/00849 , C01B3/382 , C01B3/384 , C01B3/48 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0244 , C01B2203/0261 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/0288 , C01B2203/0455 , C01B2203/0465 , C01B2203/0485 , C01B2203/0844 , C01B2203/0877 , C01B2203/0883 , C01B2203/1041 , C01B2203/1047 , C01B2203/1052 , C01B2203/1064 , C01B2203/1076 , C01B2203/1205 , C01B2203/1223 , C01B2203/1229 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/1247 , C01B2203/1258 , C01B2203/1276 , C01B2203/141 , C01B2203/142 , C01B2203/80 , C01B2203/82 , H01M8/0612 , H01M2250/20 , Y02T90/32
摘要： Hydrocarbon fuel reformer 100 suitable for producing synthesis hydrogen gas from reactions with hydrocarbons fuels, oxygen, and steam. A first tube 108 has a first tube inlet 110 and a first tube outlet 112. The first tube inlet 110 is adapted for receiving a first mixture including an oxygen-containing gas and a first fuel. A partially oxidized first reaction reformate is directed out of the first tube 108 into a mixing zone 114. A second tube 116 is annularly disposed about the first tube 108 and has a second tube inlet 118 and a second tube outlet 120. The second tube inlet 118 is adapted for receiving a second mixture including steam and a second fuel. A steam reformed second reaction reformate is directed out of the second tube 116 and into the mixing zone 114. From the mixing zone 114, the first and second reaction reformates may be directed into a catalytic reforming zone 144 containing a reforming catalyst 147.
摘要翻译：烃燃料重整器100适用于从与烃燃料，氧气和蒸汽的反应产生合成氢气。第一管108具有第一管入口110和第一管出口112.第一管入口110适于接收包括含氧气体和第一燃料的第一混合物。将部分氧化的第一反应重整油从第一管108引出到混合区114.第二管116围绕第一管108环形设置并具有第二管入口118和第二管出口120.第二管入口 118适于接收包括蒸汽和第二燃料的第二混合物。蒸汽重整的第二反应重整产物从第二管116引出并进入混合区114.从混合区114可以将第一和第二反应重整产物引入含有重整催化剂147的催化重整区144中。

35. 发明授权

US06254839B1 Apparatus for converting hydrocarbon fuel into hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide 有权
标题翻译：将烃燃料转化为氢气和二氧化碳的设备
公开(公告)号：US06254839B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-03
申请号：US09185393
申请日：1998-11-03
申请人： Lawrence G. Clawson , William L. Mitchell , Jeffrey M. Bentley , Johannes H. J. Thijssen
发明人： Lawrence G. Clawson , William L. Mitchell , Jeffrey M. Bentley , Johannes H. J. Thijssen
IPC分类号： B01J804
CPC分类号： H01M8/0631 , B01J8/0278 , B01J8/0285 , B01J8/0465 , B01J8/0469 , B01J8/048 , B01J8/0492 , B01J8/0496 , B01J2208/00203 , B01J2208/0053 , B01J2208/00849 , C01B3/382 , C01B3/384 , C01B3/48 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0244 , C01B2203/0261 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/0288 , C01B2203/0455 , C01B2203/0465 , C01B2203/0485 , C01B2203/0844 , C01B2203/0877 , C01B2203/0883 , C01B2203/1041 , C01B2203/1047 , C01B2203/1052 , C01B2203/1064 , C01B2203/1076 , C01B2203/1205 , C01B2203/1223 , C01B2203/1229 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/1247 , C01B2203/1258 , C01B2203/1276 , C01B2203/141 , C01B2203/142 , C01B2203/80 , C01B2203/82 , H01M8/0612 , H01M2250/20 , Y02T90/32
摘要： A hydrocarbon fuel reformer (200) is disclosed suitable for producing synthesis hydrogen gas from reactions with hydrocarbons fuels, oxygen, and steam. The reformer (200) comprises first and second tubes (208,218). The first tube (208) includes a first catalyst (214) and receives a first mixture of steam and a first fuel. The second tube (218) is annularly disposed about the first tube (208) and receives a second mixture of an oxygen-containing gas and a second fuel. In one embodiment, a third tube (224) is annularly disposed about the second tube (218) and receives a first reaction reformate from the first tube (208) and a second reaction reformate from the second tube (218). A catalyst reforming zone (260) annularly disposed about the third tube (224) may be provided to subject reformate constituents to a shift reaction. In another embodiment, a fractionator is provided to distill first and second fuels from a fuel supply source.
摘要翻译：公开了一种烃燃料重整器（200），其适用于通过与烃燃料，氧气和蒸汽的反应产生合成氢气。重整器（200）包括第一和第二管（208,218）。第一管（208）包括第一催化剂（214）并且接收蒸汽和第一燃料的第一混合物。第二管（218）环绕第一管（208）设置并接收含氧气体和第二燃料的第二混合物。在一个实施例中，第三管（224）围绕第二管（218）环形设置，并且从第一管（208）接收第一反应重整产物，并从第二管（218）接收第二反应重整产物。可以提供围绕第三管（224）环形设置的催化剂重整区（260），以使重整产物成分转化为转化反应。在另一个实施例中，提供分馏器以从燃料供应源蒸馏第一和第二燃料。

36. 发明授权

US5819548A Thermal expansion valve and system including such device and method for making such device 失效
公开(公告)号：US5819548A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-13
申请号：US878979
申请日：1997-06-19
申请人： Lawrence G. Clawson
发明人： Lawrence G. Clawson
IPC分类号： F25B41/06 , G05D23/02 , F25B41/04
CPC分类号： F25B41/062
摘要： A thermal expansion valve comprises a metal tube for flowing a fluid therethrough, and a metal rod fixed only at a first end in the tube and disposed wholly within the tube, the metal tube having a greater coefficient of expansion than the metal rod. A plug having an orifice therethrough is disposed in the tube proximate a free end of the rod. Lengthwise thermal expansion and contraction of the tube and the rod caused by the temperature of the fluid in the tube and around the rod causes the free end of the rod to retreat from the plug to increase flow of the fluid therethrough, and causes the free end of the rod to approach the plug to restrict flow of the fluid therethrough, respectively.

37. 发明授权

US4726353A High condensing recuperative furnace 失效
标题翻译：高冷凝回热炉
公开(公告)号：US4726353A
公开(公告)日：1988-02-23
申请号：US28837
申请日：1987-03-23
申请人： Lawrence G. Clawson
发明人： Lawrence G. Clawson
IPC分类号： F24H1/00 , F24H1/41 , F24H3/06 , F24H8/00
CPC分类号： F24H1/0045 , F24H1/41 , F24H3/065 , F24H8/00 , Y02B30/102
摘要： A forced hot air furnace having a continuously wet recuperative heat exchanger. The recuperative heat exchanger is positioned in the hot air chamber at an upward incline from the firebox to the outside flue. Inclined positioning enables heat exchanger condensate to drain counter to combustion products. Condensate is collected in a reservoir located in the firebox. Combustion products flow over the reservoir thereby becoming elevated in dew point before entering the heat exchanger. Consequently, the amount of condensation formed in the heat exchanger is substantially increased over conventional heat exchangers. Condensate will form along the entire length of the heat exchanger resulting in all wet operation. In another embodiment, continuously wet operation is achieved without a water reservoir. In still another embodiment, the continuously wet recuperative heat exchanger is coupled to the output of a non-recuperative heat exchanger. In an alternate embodiment, a continuously wet recuperative heat exchanger is utilized to heat a liquid.
摘要翻译：具有连续湿式余热换热器的强制热风炉。回热换热器以从火箱向外侧烟道向上倾斜的方式定位在热空气室中。倾斜定位使热交换器冷凝水能够排放到与燃烧产物相反的位置。冷凝物被收集在位于火箱中的储存器中。燃烧产物在储存器之上流动，在进入热交换器之前变得露点升高。因此，与传统的热交换器相比，在热交换器中形成的冷凝物的量大大增加。冷凝物将沿热交换器的整个长度形成，从而导致所有的湿式操作。在另一个实施例中，在没有储水器的情况下实现连续的湿式操作。在另一个实施例中，连续湿式回热热交换器耦合到非余热换热器的输出。在替代实施例中，使用连续湿式回热换热器来加热液体。

38. 发明授权

US4603681A Condensing furnace with corrosion suppression 失效
标题翻译：冷凝炉采用防腐蚀
公开(公告)号：US4603681A
公开(公告)日：1986-08-05
申请号：US785116
申请日：1985-10-07
申请人： Lawrence G. Clawson
发明人： Lawrence G. Clawson
IPC分类号： F24H3/08 , F24H8/00 , F24H3/02
CPC分类号： F24H3/087 , F24H8/003 , Y02B30/104
摘要： A forced hot air furnace having a continously wet condensing heat exchanger. The heat exchanger has an upwardly inclined first segment connected in series to a downwardly inclined second segment. Combustion products are first passed across a water reservoir thereby becoming sufficiently elevated in dew point to condense within the first segment resulting in all wet first segment operation. Condensate formed in the first segment will drain downward opposite the flow of combustion products, into the water reservoir. Since combustion products entering the second segment have been cooled to less than their dew point, the second segment will also operate in the all wet mode. Condensate flows down the second segment into a sump for transfer to the water reservoir.
摘要翻译：具有连续湿式冷凝热交换器的强制热风炉。热交换器具有与向下倾斜的第二段串联连接的向上倾斜的第一段。首先将燃烧产物通过储水器，从而在露点中充分升高以在第一段内冷凝，导致所有湿的第一段操作。在第一段中形成的冷凝物将相对于燃烧产物的流动向下排放到储水器中。由于进入第二段的燃烧产物已被冷却至低于其露点，所以第二段也将以全湿式运行。冷凝物沿着第二段向下流入贮槽以转移到储水器。

39. 发明授权

US4420943A Method and apparatus for refrigerator defrost 失效
标题翻译：冰箱除霜方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4420943A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-20
申请号：US376886
申请日：1982-05-10
申请人： Lawrence G. Clawson
发明人： Lawrence G. Clawson
IPC分类号： F25B41/00 , F25B47/02
CPC分类号： F25B47/022 , F25B2400/0401 , F25B2500/01 , F25B41/00
摘要： A method and apparatus for defrosting or removing ice from the outside of the evaporator of a refrigerator or heat pump. An additional inventory of refrigerant in thermal communication with a thermal mass is pressurized to substantially the same pressure as the condenser. After the compressor is deactivated at the end of a cooling cycle, a valve separating the inventory and evaporator is opened whereby the respective pressures rapidly equalize to an intermediate pressure. The inventory of refrigerant boils in the reduced pressure thereby drawing heat from the thermal mass to support the process. The vaporized refrigerant flows through the valve to the evaporator and condenses in the relatively cool environment. The heat given off by the condensation process melts ice on the outside of the evaporator.
摘要翻译：一种从冰箱或热泵的蒸发器的外部除冰或除冰的方法和装置。与热质量热交换的制冷剂的额外库存被加压到与冷凝器基本相同的压力。在冷却循环结束之后压缩机停用之后，分离库存和蒸发器的阀门打开，从而相应的压力迅速地达到中间压力。制冷剂的库存在减压中沸腾，从而从热量块吸取热量以支持该过程。蒸发的制冷剂流过阀门到蒸发器并在较冷的环境中冷凝。由冷凝过程发出的热量将蒸发器外部的冰融化。

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