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21. 发明申请

US20110183141A1 DRIED NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE OF CONTROLLABLE DISPERSIBILITY AND METHOD THEREFOR 有权
标题翻译：干燥的纳米晶体纤维素及其可控制的方法
公开(公告)号：US20110183141A1
公开(公告)日：2011-07-28
申请号：US13008126
申请日：2011-01-18
申请人： Stephanie Beck , Jean Bouchard , Richard Berry
发明人： Stephanie Beck , Jean Bouchard , Richard Berry
IPC分类号： C08B15/00 , C08B15/05 , C25B3/12 , C25D9/02 , B82Y30/00
CPC分类号： C08B15/08 , C08J3/12 , C08J5/18 , C08J2301/02 , Y10T428/2982 , Y10T428/2991
摘要： Dried nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), in particular films of NCC, of controlled water dispersibility and a method to control the dispersibility of dried NCC by controlling electrolyte solution ionic strength and ion valency is described. Neutral M-NCC suspensions containing monovalent counterions (e.g., M=Na+, K+, NH4+, Et4N+) produced by neutralization of acid-form NCC (H-NCC) with the appropriate hydroxide, are readily dispersible in water when fully dried; this is in contrast to H-NCC. The dispersion of dried M-NCC in aqueous media is effectively prevented by a combination of (1) increased electrolyte concentration and ionic strength, and (2) higher valency of the cation component of the dissolved salt. Additionally, pre-treatment of dried M-NCC films with an electrolyte solution having a polyvalent cation, for example a divalent or trivalent cation is sufficient to prevent the subsequent dispersion of the M-NCC film in pure water.
摘要翻译：描述了干燥的纳米晶纤维素（NCC），特别是NCC的膜的受控水分散性，以及通过控制电解质溶液的离子强度和离子价态来控制干燥的NCC的分散性的方法。通过用合适的氢氧化物中和酸形式NCC（H-NCC）产生的含有一价抗衡离子（例如M = Na +，K +，NH 4 +，Et 4 N +）的中性M-NCC悬浮液在完全干燥时容易分散在水中; 这与H-NCC相反。干燥的M-NCC在水性介质中的分散体通过（1）增加的电解质浓度和离子强度的组合和（2）溶解盐的阳离子组分的更高的价态被有效地预防。另外，用具有多价阳离子（例如二价或三价阳离子）的电解质溶液预处理干燥的M-NCC膜足以防止M-NCC膜随后在纯水中分散。

22. 发明申请

US20110003401A1 Partial Derivatization of Particles 有权
标题翻译：颗粒的部分衍生化
公开(公告)号：US20110003401A1
公开(公告)日：2011-01-06
申请号：US12746379
申请日：2008-12-15
申请人： Sven Oscarsson , Leif Nyholm , Peter Svedlindh , Klas Gunnarsson
发明人： Sven Oscarsson , Leif Nyholm , Peter Svedlindh , Klas Gunnarsson
IPC分类号： C40B40/00 , B32B5/00 , C25B3/00 , C25B3/12 , C12N13/00 , G01N33/543
CPC分类号： G01N33/5434 , B01J19/0046 , B01J2219/00466 , B01J2219/005 , B01J2219/00572 , B01J2219/00596 , B01J2219/00648 , B01J2219/00677 , G01N2446/20 , Y10T428/2982
摘要： There is disclosed a method for partially derivatizing a curved surface of particles in an electrically conducting solvent, said method comprises the steps: a) bringing particles in close contact with at least one surface by using a force, b) inducing a chemical reaction on at least one part of a particle by applying an electrical potential between said at least one surface and the electrically conducting solvent, and c) further reacting said at least one part of a particle where a chemical reaction has been induced in step b) above. There is further disclosed a partially derivatized particle as well as uses of the particle. Advantages include that the method is simple and only requires a potentiostat in addition to standard laboratory equipment, is inexpensive, time-efficient, and inherently parallel.
摘要翻译：公开了一种在导电溶剂中部分衍生颗粒的曲面的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：a）通过使用力使颗粒与至少一个表面紧密接触，b）在其上引起化学反应至少一部分颗粒通过在所述至少一个表面和导电溶剂之间施加电位，以及c）进一步使所述至少一部分颗粒在上述步骤b）中引发化学反应。还公开了部分衍生的颗粒以及颗粒的用途。优点包括该方法简单，除了标准的实验室设备之外，只需要一种恒电位仪，价格便宜，时间有效，并且本来就是平行的。

23. 发明授权

US07550071B1 Electrochemical assembly of organic molecules by the reduction of iodonium salts 有权
标题翻译：通过还原碘鎓盐来电化学组装有机分子
公开(公告)号：US07550071B1
公开(公告)日：2009-06-23
申请号：US11065894
申请日：2005-02-25
申请人： Shawn M. Dirk , Stephen W. Howell , David R. Wheeler
发明人： Shawn M. Dirk , Stephen W. Howell , David R. Wheeler
IPC分类号： C25D7/12 , C25D11/00 , C25B3/00 , C25B3/12
CPC分类号： C25D9/02 , C23C18/1896
摘要： Methods are described for the electrochemical assembly of organic molecules on silicon, or other conducting or semiconducting substrates, using iodonium salt precursors. Iodonium molecules do not assemble on conducting surfaces without a negative bias. Accordingly, the iodonium salts are preferred for patterning applications that rely on direct writing with negative bias. The stability of the iodonium molecule to acidic conditions allows them to be used with standard silicon processing. As a directed assembly process, the use of iodonium salts provides for small features while maintaining the ability to work on a surface and create structures on a wafer level. Therefore, the process is amenable for mass production. Furthermore, the assembled monolayer (or multilayer) is chemically robust, allowing for subsequent chemical manipulations and the introduction of various molecular functionalities for various chemical and biological applications.
摘要翻译：描述了使用碘鎓盐前体在硅或其它导电或半导体衬底上电化学组装有机分子的方法。碘分子不会在没有负偏压的导电表面上组装。因此，碘鎓盐优选用于依赖于负偏压的直接写入的图案化应用。碘分子在酸性条件下的稳定性允许它们与标准硅处理一起使用。作为定向组装方法，碘鎓盐的使用提供小特征，同时保持在表面上工作的能力并在晶片级上产生结构。因此，该方法适合批量生产。此外，组装的单层（或多层）是化学稳健的，允许随后的化学操作和引入用于各种化学和生物应用的各种分子功能。

24. 发明申请

US20050072686A1 Micro-engineered reactors 审中-公开
标题翻译：微型反应堆
公开(公告)号：US20050072686A1
公开(公告)日：2005-04-07
申请号：US10671694
申请日：2003-09-29
申请人： John Shaw , Richard Shute
发明人： John Shaw , Richard Shute
IPC分类号： B01J19/00 , B01J19/08 , C07C1/26 , C07C29/70 , C07F1/00 , C07F1/04 , C07F3/02 , C07F7/22 , C07F9/535 , C25B3/00 , C25B3/12 , C25B9/00 , C25B11/03 , C25D17/00
CPC分类号： C25B3/12 , B01J19/0093 , B01J2219/00835 , B01J2219/00853 , B01J2219/0086 , B01J2219/00867 , B01J2219/00873 , B01J2219/00889 , B01J2219/00936 , B01J2219/00995 , C07C1/26 , C07F1/00 , C07F1/04 , C07F3/02 , C07F7/2208 , C07F9/5352 , C25B3/00 , C07C15/04
摘要： The invention relates to a micro-engineered reactor device comprising a closely coupled reactor and electrochemical cell, and a method of using such a reactor for the synthesis of organic compounds by a process involving an electrochemical reaction. The synthetic processes are of a type in which a source material is electrochemically converted to a reactive primary product which is exposed at a reaction region within a channel, or chamber, to a precursor material so that the primary product and precursor material react to generate a secondary product.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及包括紧密耦合的反应器和电化学电池的微型工程反应器装置，以及使用这种反应器通过涉及电化学反应的方法合成有机化合物的方法。合成方法是将源材料电化学转化为在通道或室内的反应区域暴露于前体材料的反应性初级产物的类型，使得初级产物和前体材料反应以产生次要产品。

25. 发明授权

US5443698A Electrosynthesis of metal carboxylates 失效
标题翻译：金属羧酸盐的电化学合成
公开(公告)号：US5443698A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-22
申请号：US238955
申请日：1994-05-06
申请人： Dennis M. Mahoney , George S. Mossaad
发明人： Dennis M. Mahoney , George S. Mossaad
IPC分类号： C07C51/41 , C25B3/00 , C25B3/12
CPC分类号： C25B1/00 , C07C51/412 , C25B3/00
摘要： The invention relates to a method of synthesizing a metal carboxylate comprising:(a) placing an anode and a cathode in contact with an emulsion, wherein said anode includes a metal which, during electrolysis, reacts with a carboxylic acid to form a metal carboxylate, wherein the cathode comprises a material inert to the electrolytic reaction, and the emulsion comprises a carboxylic acid, an aqueous phase which includes an electrolyte, and an organic phase; and,(b) passing a current between the anode and cathode to effect an electrolytic reaction between the metal of the anode and the carboxylic acid to form the metal carboxylate.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种合成金属羧酸盐的方法，包括：（a）将阳极和阴极放置在与乳液接触的位置，其中所述阳极包括在电解过程中与羧酸反应形成金属羧酸盐的金属，其中所述阴极包括对所述电解反应惰性的材料，并且所述乳液包含羧酸，包含电解质的水相和有机相; 和（b）在阳极和阴极之间通过电流以实现阳极金属与羧酸之间的电解反应，形成金属羧酸盐。

26. 发明授权

US4250000A Electrochemical process for metal alkoxides 失效
标题翻译：金属醇盐的电化学工艺
公开(公告)号：US4250000A
公开(公告)日：1981-02-10
申请号：US23937
申请日：1979-03-26
申请人： Mark A. Kuck , Gary K. Miller , Miguel Coll-Palagos
发明人： Mark A. Kuck , Gary K. Miller , Miguel Coll-Palagos
IPC分类号： C25B3/00 , C25B3/12
CPC分类号： C25B3/00
摘要： Metal alkoxides, such as antimony glyoxide, are produced in the anolyte of a compartmented electrochemical cell, characterized by the seperation of the anolyte from the catholyte by an anion-exchange membrane. The anode comprises the sacrifical metal; the cathode is an indifferent material. Monohydric metal alkoxides also can be produced.
摘要翻译：金属醇盐如氧化锑在分隔式电化学电池的阳极电解液中产生，其特征在于阴离子交换膜通过阴离子交换膜从阴极电解液中分离。阳极包括牺牲金属; 阴极是一种无关紧要的材料。也可以生产一元金属醇盐。

27. 发明授权

US4217184A Continuous process for preparing metal alkoxides 失效
标题翻译：制备金属醇盐的连续工艺
公开(公告)号：US4217184A
公开(公告)日：1980-08-12
申请号：US23985
申请日：1979-03-26
申请人： Mark A. Kuck , Gary K. Miller
发明人： Mark A. Kuck , Gary K. Miller
IPC分类号： C25B3/00 , C25B3/12 , C25B15/08
CPC分类号： C25B3/00
摘要： A continuous process for the electrochemical production of insoluble metal alkoxides comprises the steps of continuously removing the slurry of electrolyte and product from the cell, separating the product from the electrolyte, and returning the clarified electrolyte to the cell.
摘要翻译：用于电化学生产不溶性金属醇盐的连续方法包括以下步骤：从电池中连续除去电解质和产物的浆料，将产物与电解质分离，并将澄清的电解质返回到电池中。

28. 发明授权

US4002548A Active Grignard electrode 失效
标题翻译：主动格氏电极
公开(公告)号：US4002548A
公开(公告)日：1977-01-11
申请号：US590836
申请日：1975-06-27
申请人： Charles L. Baimbridge , James R. Minderhout , Robert W. Bearman , Donald E. Carpenter
发明人： Charles L. Baimbridge , James R. Minderhout , Robert W. Bearman , Donald E. Carpenter
IPC分类号： C25B3/12 , G01N27/416 , G01N27/30 , G01N27/46
CPC分类号： C25B3/12
摘要： The method of continuously monitoring the concentration of Grignard reactant in the "Freeport Process" cell for producing organolead compounds which comprises utilizing a reference half cell consisting of an electrode in anhydrous ether solution with a platinum group sample electrode in a solution of process Grignard reactant and adjusting upwardly the concentration of Grignard when it falls below a value of 0.02M. Also included in the invention are preferred reference half cells utilizing lead and zinc in anhydrous solvent selected from glycol diethers, such as diethylether of tetraethylene glycol (DETEG) and optionally tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a stripping solvent.
摘要翻译：在“自由口法”细胞中连续监测Grignard反应物浓度的方法，用于生产有机物化合物，其包括将由电极组成的参考半电池在无水乙醚溶液中与铂族样品电极在格氏试剂反应物和当Grignard低于0.02M值时，向上调整Grignard的浓度。本发明还包括优选的参考半电池，其使用选自乙二醇二醚的无水溶剂中的铅和锌，例如四乙二醇的二乙醚（DETEG）和任选的四氢呋喃（THF）作为汽提溶剂。

29. 发明授权

US3887441A Electro-chemical synthesis of organonickel compounds 失效
标题翻译：有机锡化合物的电化学合成
公开(公告)号：US3887441A
公开(公告)日：1975-06-03
申请号：US36403173
申请日：1973-05-25
申请人： PHILLIPS PETROLEUM CO
发明人： HUGHES WILLIAM B , FAHEY DARRYL R
IPC分类号： C07F15/04 , C25B3/12 , C25B3/00
CPC分类号： C25B3/12 , C07F15/04
摘要： A process for the synthesis of organonickel derivatives by electrochemical reduction of a nickel(II) complex followed by addition of a haloorganic compound which yields a different nickel(II) complex. The complexes have utility as catalysts for olefin dimerization.
摘要翻译：通过电化学还原镍（II）络合物然后加入产生不同镍（II）络合物的卤代有机化合物来合成有机镍衍生物的方法。该配合物可用作烯烃二聚化的催化剂。

30. 发明授权

US3622476A Cathodic process for the preparation of tetraalkyl lead compounds 失效
标题翻译：用于制备四烯酸铅化合物的阴极过程
公开(公告)号：US3622476A
公开(公告)日：1971-11-23
申请号：US3622476D
申请日：1969-10-09
申请人： CONTINENTAL OIL CO
发明人： YANG KANG , REEDY JAMES D , HARWOOD WILLIAM H
IPC分类号： C25B3/12 , C07B29/06 , C07F7/26
CPC分类号： C25B3/12
摘要： A process for the cathodic alkylation of lead using ethyl chloride, methyl chloride, or mixture thereof as an alkylating agent and iodide ion as an electrochemical catalyst with a liquid-liquid junction of propylene carbonate and water wherein propylene carbonate is in the catholyte and water is in the anolyte.

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