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21. 发明授权

US4279855A Method for the casting of ultrathin polymer membranes 失效
标题翻译：超薄聚合物膜的浇铸方法
公开(公告)号：US4279855A
公开(公告)日：1981-07-21
申请号：US536650
申请日：1974-12-26
申请人： William J. Ward, III
发明人： William J. Ward, III
IPC分类号： B01D53/22 , B01D69/12 , B01D71/50 , B01D71/52 , B01D71/70 , B01D71/78 , B01D71/80 , B29B7/00 , B29C31/00 , B29C39/00 , B29C39/26 , B29C41/12 , B29C47/00 , B29D7/01 , C08G77/00 , C08G77/46 , C08J5/18 , B29D7/02
CPC分类号： B01D71/80 , B01D53/22 , B01D69/12 , B01D69/122 , B01D71/06 , B29D7/01
摘要： An improved method is described for the solvent casting of ultrathin non-porous membranes having surface areas of greater than one square foot. Film thicknesses of less than 200 Angstroms are routinely obtained, because the solidified film remains substantially free of tensile stress during the formation and removal thereof from the liquid casting substrate. The casting solution used comprises polymer dissolved in a solvent system and is characterized by being able to spontaneously spread over the surface of the liquid casting substrate. The casting solution is deposited in a narrow, longitudinally-extending defined region at the surface of the casting substrate; the surface area and perimeter of the defined region are enlarged over the surface of the casting substrate in a manner whereby only casting solution is moved relative to the casting substrate and, once desolvated, the polymer film formed remains stationary relative to the casting substrate and substantially free of tensile stress.
摘要翻译：对于具有大于1平方英尺的表面积的超薄无孔膜的溶剂浇铸描述了一种改进的方法。常规地获得小于200埃的膜厚度，因为固化膜在其形成过程中基本上没有拉伸应力，并且从液体流延基底中除去。使用的浇铸溶液包括溶解在溶剂体系中的聚合物，其特征在于能够自发地铺展在液体流延基材的表面上。铸造溶液沉积在铸造基底的表面处的窄的，纵向延伸的限定区域中; 限定区域的表面积和周长以铸造基底表面的形式扩大，从而只有铸造溶液相对于铸造基底移动，并且一旦被去溶解，形成的聚合物膜相对于铸造基底保持静止，并且基本上没有拉伸应力。

22. 发明授权

US4181501A Method and apparatus for measuring antibody levels 失效
标题翻译：用于测量抗体水平的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4181501A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-01
申请号：US23695
申请日：1979-03-26
申请人： Charles R. Keese , Ivar Giaever , William J. Ward, III
发明人： Charles R. Keese , Ivar Giaever , William J. Ward, III
IPC分类号： G01N33/543 , C12M1/16 , G01N33/558 , G01N33/16
CPC分类号： G01N33/558 , Y10S436/805 , Y10S436/807
摘要： A diagnostic device is described employing a solid, rigid diagnostic substrate (having as a part thereof an exposed layer of first immunologically reactive biological particles) in combination with means spaced therefrom for containing a solution of second immunologically reactive biological particles specific to the first particles. Preferably these elements are arranged with the layer of first immunologically reactive biological particles on a glass slide having a metallized surface and facing the containing means with spacing therebetween. This spacing defines a wedge-shaped volume for containing test fluid. With a test fluid in place, after allowing diffusion to occur for a predetermined period of time, the extent of formation of a layer of the second particles (i.e., a second layer) on the first layer is determined. If such a second layer develops, this determination can be related to the concentration of first particles in the test fluid. Presence of the second layer is visible with good contrast to the unaided eye.
摘要翻译：描述了一种诊断装置，其使用固体，刚性诊断基底（其作为其第一免疫反应性生物颗粒的暴露层的一部分）与其间隔开的装置组合，以包含第一颗粒特异性的第二免疫反应性生物颗粒的溶液。优选地，这些元件与具有金属化表面的玻璃载片上的第一免疫反应性生物颗粒层一起布置，并且其间具有间隔。该间隔限定了用于容纳测试流体的楔形体积。在测试流体就位的情况下，在允许扩散发生预定时间段之后，确定在第一层上形成第二颗粒层（即，第二层）的程度。如果发生这样的第二层，则该测定可以与测试流体中第一颗粒的浓度相关。第二层的存在是可见的，与肉眼具有良好的对比度。

23. 发明授权

US4139668A Film-grid composite substrate for electron microscopy 失效
标题翻译：电子显微镜用电子栅格复合基板
公开(公告)号：US4139668A
公开(公告)日：1979-02-13
申请号：US852243
申请日：1977-11-17
申请人： William J. Ward, III
发明人： William J. Ward, III
IPC分类号： G01Q30/02 , G01Q60/16 , H01J37/20 , B32B9/04
CPC分类号： H01J37/20 , Y10T428/24331 , Y10T428/31507 , Y10T428/31663
摘要： A film-grid composite substrate for supporting specimens in electron microscopy comprises a specimen-support grid adapted for electron microscopy and an ultrathin film of a mixture of organopolysiloxane-polycarbonate interpolymer and polyphenylene oxide. Regions of a major surface of the film are in contiguous relationship with a major surface of the grid, while other major surface regions of the film span apertures defined by the grid structure.
摘要翻译：用于以电子显微镜支撑样品的电影栅格复合基片包括适用于电子显微镜的样品支撑栅格和有机聚硅氧烷 - 聚碳酸酯互聚物和聚苯醚的混合物的超薄膜。膜的主表面的区域与栅格的主表面呈连续关系，而膜的其它主要表面区域跨越由栅格结构限定的孔。

24. 发明授权

US4089653A Apparatus for the separation of hydrogen sulfide from gas mixture including carbon dioxide 失效
标题翻译：用于从包括二氧化碳的气体混合物中分离硫化氢的装置
公开(公告)号：US4089653A
公开(公告)日：1978-05-16
申请号：US599871
申请日：1975-07-28
申请人： William J. Ward, III
发明人： William J. Ward, III
IPC分类号： B01D53/22 , B01D61/38 , B01J1/22 , C01B17/16 , C01B31/20
CPC分类号： B01D53/229 , B01D53/22 , B01D53/228 , B01D61/38
摘要： Hydrogen sulfide is removed from a mixture of gases including carbon dioxide by passing the mixture over an assembly comprising a pair of immobilized liquid membranes of carbonate/bicarbonate solution separated by a gas permeable barrier of hydrophobic microporous material. Because hydrogen sulfide transport through the membranes is diffusion limited while carbon dioxide transport therethrough is reaction rate limited, the assembly exhibits reduced permeability to carbon dioxide and essentially unchanged high permeability to hydrogen sulfide compared to a single immobilized liquid membrane of thickness equal to total thickness of the membranes in the assembly. Hydrogen sulfide thus passes through the assembly more selectively than carbon dioxide.
摘要翻译：通过将混合物通过包含一对由疏水性微孔材料的气体可渗透屏障分离的碳酸盐/碳酸氢盐溶液的固定化液体膜的组件将硫化氢从包括二氧化碳的气体混合物中除去。因为通过膜的输送的硫化氢是扩散限制的，而二氧化碳的输送通过其反应速率受限，所以与厚度等于总厚度的单个固定化液体膜相比，组合物显示出降低的二氧化碳渗透性和硫化氢基本上不变的高渗透性组装中的膜。因此，硫化氢比二氧化碳更有选择地通过组件。

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