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    • 22. 发明授权
    • Photoacoustic measurement of unburned carbon in fly-ash
    • 飞灰中未燃碳的光声测量
    • US5596146A
    • 1997-01-21
    • US254153
    • 1994-06-06
    • David WallerRobert C. Brown
    • David WallerRobert C. Brown
    • G01N21/17G01N29/032G01N29/24G01N29/00
    • G01N29/2425G01N21/1702G01N29/032G01N2021/1704G01N2291/02408
    • The present invention provides a method and an apparatus for measuring the amount of unburned carbon in a sample of fly ash using infrared photoacoustic absorption. One preferred method according to the present invention involves directing modulated infrared radiation at a sample of fly ash and measuring the acoustic signal produced when the unburned carbon in the sample absorbs the radiation producing a thermal wave which propagates through the sample to generate a minute acoustic wave at interfaces between the carbon particles and gas surrounding the particles. One preferred apparatus includes a source of modulated infrared radiation, a chamber for containing the sample, a microphone to detect the acoustic signals, lock-in amplifier to separate the desired photoacoustic signal from noise at other frequencies, and a PC computer to provide output from the amplifier. This apparatus identifies the acoustic signal for determination of the amount of unburned carbon in the sample.
    • 本发明提供一种使用红外光声吸收测量飞灰样品中未燃烧碳量的方法和装置。 根据本发明的一种优选的方法包括将调制的红外辐射引导到飞灰样品处,并测量当样品中的未燃碳吸收辐射时产生的声波信号,产生传播通过样品的热波,以产生微小的声波 在碳颗粒与颗粒周围的气体之间的界面处。 一种优选的装置包括调制红外辐射源,用于容纳样品的室,用于检测声信号的麦克风,锁定放大器以将期望的光声信号与其他频率的噪声分离,以及PC计算机,以提供从 放大器。 该装置识别用于确定样品中未燃碳量的声信号。
    • 25. 发明授权
    • Music searching methods based on human perception
    • 基于人类感知的音乐搜索方法
    • US08326584B1
    • 2012-12-04
    • US09556086
    • 2000-04-21
    • Maxwell J. WellsDavid WallerNavdeep S. Dhillon
    • Maxwell J. WellsDavid WallerNavdeep S. Dhillon
    • G06F17/10
    • G06F17/30758G06F17/10G06F17/30017G06F17/30026G06F17/30743G06F17/30749G06F2213/0038G06F2216/01
    • A method for characterizing a musical recording as a set of scalar descriptors, each of which is based on human perception. A group of people listens to a large number of musical recordings and assigns to each one many scalar values, each value describing a characteristic of the music as judged by the human listeners. Typical scalar values include energy level, happiness, danceability, melodicness, tempo, and anger. Each of the pieces of music judged by the listeners is then computationally processed to extract a large number of parameters which characterize the electronic signal within the recording. Algorithms are empirically generated which correlate the extracted parameters with the judgments based on human perception to build a model for each of the scalars of human perception. These models can then be applied to other music which has not been judged by the group of listeners to give to each piece of music a set of scalar values based on human perception. The set of scalar values can be used to find other pieces that sound similar to humans or vary in a dimension of one of the scalars.
    • 一种用于将音乐记录表征为一组标量描述符的方法,每个标量描述符基于人的感知。 一群人听大量的音乐录音,并分配给每一个许多标量值,每个值都描述了由人类听众判断的音乐特征。 典型的标量值包括能量水平,幸福度,舞蹈能力,旋律,节奏和愤怒。 然后对由收听者判断的每首音乐进行计算处理,以提取表征记录内的电子信号的大量参数。 算法是经验生成的,其将提取的参数与基于人类感知的判断相关联,以构建人类感知的每个标量的模型。 然后,这些模型可以应用于未被听众群体判断的其他音乐,以便基于人类的感知向每首音乐提供一组标量值。 标量值的集合可以用于查找听起来类似于人类的其他部分或在其中一个标量的维度上变化。