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21. 发明授权

US06650327B1 Display system having floating point rasterization and floating point framebuffering 失效
公开(公告)号：US06650327B1
公开(公告)日：2003-11-18
申请号：US09098041
申请日：1998-06-16
申请人： John M. Airey , Mark S. Peercy , Robert A. Drebin , John Montrym , David L. Dignam , Christopher J. Migdal , Danny D. Loh
发明人： John M. Airey , Mark S. Peercy , Robert A. Drebin , John Montrym , David L. Dignam , Christopher J. Migdal , Danny D. Loh
IPC分类号： G06T5391
CPC分类号： G06T15/405 , G06T1/20 , G06T11/40 , G06T15/00 , G06T17/00 , G06T19/00 , G09G5/393
摘要： A floating point rasterization and frame buffer in a computer system graphics program. The rasterization, fog, lighting, texturing, blending, and antialiasing processes operate on floating point values. In one embodiment, a 16-bit floating point format consisting of one sign bit, ten mantissa bits, and five exponent bits (s10e5), is used to optimize the range and precision afforded by the 16 available bits of information. In other embodiments, the floating point format can be defined in the manner preferred in order to achieve a desired range and precision of the data stored in the frame buffer. The final floating point values corresponding to pixel attributes are stored in a frame buffer and eventually read and drawn for display. The graphics program can operate directly on the data in the frame buffer without losing any of the desired range and precision of the data.

22. 发明授权

US06452603B1 Circuit and method for trilinear filtering using texels from only one level of detail 有权
标题翻译：只用一个细节层次的三维线性滤波的电路和方法
公开(公告)号：US06452603B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-17
申请号：US09219366
申请日：1998-12-23
申请人： David L. Dignam
发明人： David L. Dignam
IPC分类号： G06T1140
CPC分类号： G06T15/04
摘要： A circuit and process perform trilinear filtering using four texels (called “nearest texels”) that are nearest to a to-be-displayed pixel, and also using twelve additional texels (called “surrounding texels”) that surround the nearest texels. The nearest texels and the surrounding texels (together called “fine texels”) are all from only one level of detail L, while a filtered texel being generated is at another level of detail L+p, wherein p is a fractional level of detail. The filtered texel is used in rendering the to-be-displayed pixel, and can be identical to the texel obtained by trilinear filtering in the prior art. The circuit and process use fine texels to regenerate a quad of coarse texels that are used with a quad of the nearest texels to perform trilinear filtering. Alternatively, the circuit and process generate coefficients from the S and T coordinate fractions, and multiply the coefficients with the nearest texels and with summed texels (obtained by adding three surrounding texels and optionally the nearest texel), and add the products to obtain the filtered texel. In one implementation, a coarse texel regenerated from a number of fine texels is compared with another coarse texel pre-existing in a mipmap at the level of detail L+1, and in case of a match additional coarse texels are regenerated for the trilinear filtering in a single cycle. In case of no match, trilinear filtering is performed in two cycles using pre-existing coarse texels of the L+1 mipmap.
摘要翻译：电路和过程使用最接近待显示像素的四个纹理（称为“最近纹理”）执行三线性滤波，并且还使用围绕最近纹素的十二个附加纹素（称为“周围纹素”）。最近的纹素和周围的纹素（一起称为“细纹理”）都来自于一个细节级别L，而生成的滤波纹理细节处于另一个细节级别L + p，其中p是细分级数。被滤波的纹素用于渲染待显示的像素，并且可以与现有技术中通过三线性滤波获得的纹理相同。电路和过程使用细微的纹素来重新生成与最近纹素的四边形一起使用的粗糙纹理四边形，以执行三线性滤波。或者，电路和过程从S和T坐标分数产生系数，并将系数与最近的纹素和乘以相加的纹素（通过添加三个周围的纹素和可选地最近的纹素获得）相加，并将产物加到获得滤波的纹素。在一个实现中，将从多个细纹理图像重现的粗纹理细分与在细节L + 1的级别中预先存在的mipmap中的另一个粗纹理比较，并且在匹配的情况下，再生三线性滤波的附加粗略纹素在一个周期。在不匹配的情况下，使用L + 1 mipmap的预先存在的粗略纹素，在两个周期内执行三线性滤波。

23. 发明授权

US06437780B1 Method for determining tiles in a computer display that are covered by a graphics primitive 有权
标题翻译：用于确定由图形原语覆盖的计算机显示器中的瓦片的方法
公开(公告)号：US06437780B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-20
申请号：US09271637
申请日：1999-03-17
申请人： Oana Baltaretu , David L. Dignam , Sanjay O. Gupta
发明人： Oana Baltaretu , David L. Dignam , Sanjay O. Gupta
IPC分类号： G06T1720
CPC分类号： G06T17/20 , G06T11/40
摘要： A geometry tiler identifies tiles on a computer's screen that are covered by a graphics primitive by use of edges of the graphics primitive. Precise identification of tiles of various types (such as edge tiles covered by a segment) eliminates identification of one or more tiles that are merely located adjacent to the graphics primitive, but are not touched by the graphics primitive. For example, the geometry tiler can identify each of three types of tiles: vertex tiles, edge tiles and interior tiles. In one implementation, the geometry tiler identifies all tiles that are covered by a graphics primitive in the form of a convex polygon by: (a) determining attributes of at least one segment in the convex polygon, (b) determining iteration descriptors for each segment by using the attributes, (c) for each segment in the convex polygon, scanning the segment and identifying each edge tile that is covered by the segment, and (d) for each column of tiles in the screen, going from one edge tile in the column to another edge tile in the column and identifying each interior tile that is located within an area enclosed by the segments of the primitive. In one specific implementation, the geometry tiler simultaneously identifies edge tiles that are covered by two segments of the convex polygon that are located opposite to each other (such as a top segment and a bottom segment).
摘要翻译：几何图形器通过使用图形原语的边缘来识别计算机屏幕上由图形原语覆盖的图块。各种类型的瓦片的精确识别（例如由片段覆盖的边缘瓦片）消除了仅仅位于图形基元附近但不被图形基元所接触的一个或多个瓦片的识别。例如，几何平铺机可以识别三种类型的瓦片中的每一种：顶点瓦片，边缘瓦片和内部瓦片。在一个实现中，几何图形器通过以下方式识别由凸多边形形式覆盖的图形原语的所有图块：（a）确定凸多边形中至少一个段的属性，（b）确定每个段的迭代描述符通过使用属性，（c）对于凸多边形中的每个段，扫描段并识别由该段覆盖的每个边缘块，以及（d）对于屏幕中的每个瓦片列，从列到列中的另一边缘瓦片，并且识别位于由基元的段包围的区域内的每个内部瓦片。在一个具体的实施方式中，几何平铺器同时识别由彼此相对定位的凸多边形的两个部分（例如顶部段和底部段）覆盖的边缘瓦片。

24. 发明授权

US06385267B1 System and method for locking disparate video formats 有权
标题翻译：锁定不同视频格式的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US06385267B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-07
申请号：US09218042
申请日：1998-12-22
申请人： Andrew Bowen , David L. Dignam , Nathaniel D. Naegle
发明人： Andrew Bowen , David L. Dignam , Nathaniel D. Naegle
IPC分类号： H03D224
CPC分类号： H03L7/085 , H03L7/07 , H03L7/091 , H03L7/0994 , H04N5/073 , H04N5/126 , H04N5/46
摘要： A system and method for the phase alignment of signals of arbitrary relative frequency are described. A phase difference detector detects a phase difference between a first signal pulse and a corresponding second signal pulse. A phase comparator compares this detected phase difference to a calculated expected phase difference, to produce an error signal proportional to the difference. The clock generator adjusts the frequency of one of the signals by an amount based on the error signal, in order to phase align the first signal to the second signal. In a preferred embodiment, the first and second signals are video signals with a common frame rate and different line rates.
摘要翻译：描述用于任意相对频率的信号的相位对准的系统和方法。相位差检测器检测第一信号脉冲和对应的第二信号脉冲之间的相位差。相位比较器将该检测到的相位差与计算出的预期相位差进行比较，以产生与该差成比例的误差信号。时钟发生器基于误差信号调整一个信号的频率，以使第一信号与第二信号相位对准。在优选实施例中，第一和第二信号是具有公共帧速率和不同线路速率的视频信号。

25. 发明授权

US6147695A System and method for combining multiple video streams 有权
标题翻译：用于组合多个视频流的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US6147695A
公开(公告)日：2000-11-14
申请号：US140396
申请日：1998-08-26
申请人： Andrew Bowen , Gregory M. Eitzmann , David Warren , Dawn Maxon , Michael T. Jones , David L. Dignam
发明人： Andrew Bowen , Gregory M. Eitzmann , David Warren , Dawn Maxon , Michael T. Jones , David L. Dignam
IPC分类号： H04N5/262 , G06T3/40 , G06T13/00 , G06T17/00 , G09G5/36 , G09G5/397 , G09G5/399 , G06F15/16
CPC分类号： G06T3/4038 , G06T17/00 , G06T3/40
摘要： An operation for combining multiple video streams permits combining any number of overlay images and base images regardless of processes performed upon one or more of the images. Specifically, where the base images are dynamically sized and resized to provide a constant frame rate (despite varying frame complexity), the process similarly treats overlay images and even other base images. In the dynamic sizing process, a rendering time is compared to high and low water marks. During dynamic resizing, two double buffering operations and a synchronization operation are performed. After dynamic sizing and resizing, the resulting resized images are combined together, regardless of the frame rate of the individual images. Consequently, multiple video streams at varying frame rates are combined at a constant frame rate.
摘要翻译：用于组合多个视频流的操作允许组合任何数量的重叠图像和基本图像，而不管在一个或多个图像上执行的处理。具体地说，在基本图像动态地调整大小以提供恒定帧速率（尽管变化的帧复杂度）的情况下，该过程类似地处理叠加图像甚至其它基本图像。在动态尺寸调整过程中，将渲染时间与高和低水印进行比较。在动态调整大小期间，执行两个双缓冲操作和同步操作。在动态调整大小和调整大小之后，无论单个图像的帧速率如何，所得到的调整大小的图像被组合在一起。因此，以恒定的帧速率组合以不同帧速率的多个视频流。

26. 发明授权

US5889529A System and method for generating and displaying complex graphic images at a constant frame rate 失效
标题翻译：用于以恒定帧速率生成和显示复杂图形图像的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US5889529A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-30
申请号：US620215
申请日：1996-03-22
申请人： Michael T. Jones , David L. Dignam , Gregory M. Eitzmann
发明人： Michael T. Jones , David L. Dignam , Gregory M. Eitzmann
IPC分类号： H04N5/262 , G06T3/40 , G06T13/00 , G09G5/36 , G09G5/397 , G09G5/399 , G06T3/00
CPC分类号： G06T3/40
摘要： A system and method for dynamically resizing graphic images of variable image complexity to generate display images at a constant frame rate for output to a display device. In one frame, an image resolution is determined and a graphic image is drawn to the determined image resolution. In the subsequent frame, the graphic image is magnified to a target resolution prior to being output to a display device. The synchronization of the drawing of the graphic image and its display is managed by a swap buffer signal. The present invention further provides for the double buffering of graphic images and their corresponding image resolutions. The present invention further provides for the independent dynamic resizing of multiple channels, such that, a plurality of display devices can independently resize graphic images of variable complexity at a constant frame rate.
摘要翻译：一种用于动态地调整可变图像复杂度的图形图像大小的系统和方法，以恒定的帧速率生成显示图像以输出到显示装置。在一帧中，确定图像分辨率，并绘制图形图像以确定图像分辨率。在随后的帧中，图形图像在输出到显示设备之前被放大到目标分辨率。图形图像的图形与其显示的同步由交换缓冲器信号管理。本发明还提供了图形图像及其相应图像分辨率的双重缓冲。本发明还提供了多个信道的独立动态调整大小，使得多个显示设备可以以恒定的帧速率独立地调整具有可变复杂度的图形图像的大小。

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