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21. 发明授权

US4048373A Water barrier panel 失效
标题翻译：防水板
公开(公告)号：US4048373A
公开(公告)日：1977-09-13
申请号：US626572
申请日：1975-10-28
申请人： Arthur G. Clem
发明人： Arthur G. Clem
IPC分类号： B32B3/28 , E02B3/12 , E02D31/02 , B32B19/00
CPC分类号： E02B3/126 , B32B3/28 , E02D31/02 , Y10T428/234 , Y10T428/24694
摘要： A panel is provided forming a water barrier and comprising two opposing spaced sheets having between said spaced sheets a sealant composition comprising bentonite; a water soluble dispersing agent selected from the group consisting of a water-soluble salt of acetic acid, a water-soluble salt of phosphoric acid, and a water-soluble salt of boric acid; and a water-soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid, water-soluble salts of polyacrylic acid, hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl acid and maleic anhydride, the amount of water-soluble polymer in said sealant composition being from 0.1% to 3.0%, by weight, and the amount of water-soluble dispersant in said sealant composition being from 0.1% to 3.0%, by weight, the weight ratio of water-soluble dispersant to water-soluble polymer being from 6:1-36. The panel is disposed against a foundation to act as a water barrier, shielding the foundation against water seepage.
摘要翻译：提供了一种形成防水屏障的面板，并且包括两个相对隔开的片材，所述片材在所述间隔开的片材之间具有包括膨润土的密封剂选自乙酸的水溶性盐，磷酸的水溶性盐和硼酸的水溶性盐的水溶性分散剂; 和选自聚丙烯酸，聚丙烯酸的水溶性盐，水解聚丙烯腈，聚乙酸乙烯酯，聚乙烯酸和马来酸酐的水溶性聚合物，所述密封剂组合物中的水溶性聚合物的量为0.1重量％至3.0重量％，并且所述密封剂组合物中的水溶性分散剂的量为水溶性分散剂与水溶性聚合物的重量比为0.1重量％至3.0重量％，为6：1-36 。面板设置在基础上，作为防水屏障，屏蔽地基防止渗水。

22. 发明授权

US4021402A Method and composition for preventing water contaminated with industrial waste seeping through soil containing said water 失效
标题翻译：用于防止被工业废物污染的水通过含有所述水的土壤渗出的方法和组合物
公开(公告)号：US4021402A
公开(公告)日：1977-05-03
申请号：US605234
申请日：1975-08-18
申请人： Arthur G. Clem
发明人： Arthur G. Clem
IPC分类号： E02B3/12 , C08K3/34
CPC分类号： E02B3/128
摘要： There is disclosed a method for containing water having a high concentration of water-soluble industrial waste which, when in contact with bentonite, disintegrates the bentonite thereby allowing seepage of water through soil containing said water which comprises intimately admixing with said soil a soil sealant composition consisting essentially of bentonite, a water-soluble dispersing agent, and a water-soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid, water-soluble salts of polyacrylic acid, hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, copolymers of the foregoing, and a copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic anhydride, the amount of water-soluble polymer being from 0.1% to 3.0%, by weight, and the amount of water-soluble dispersent being from 0.1% to 3.0%, by weight, the weight ratio of water-soluble dispersent to water-soluble polymer being from 6:1-36, intimately admixing an effective amount of said soil sealant composition with soil, forming a water-containing enclosure from said mixture of soil sealant composition and soil, and contacting said enclosure with water containing substantially no industrial waste compounds thereby hydrating the bentonite.
摘要翻译：公开了一种含有高浓度水溶性工业废弃物的水的方法，该方法当与膨润土接触时，使膨润土崩解，从而允许水渗透含有所述水的土壤，该水包括与所述土壤密切混合的土壤密封剂组合物基本上由膨润土，水溶性分散剂和选自聚丙烯酸，聚丙烯酸的水溶性盐，水解聚丙烯腈，聚乙酸乙烯酯，聚乙烯醇，前述的共聚物和丙烯酸和马来酸酐的共聚物，水溶性聚合物的量为0.1重量％至3.0重量％，水溶性分散体的量为0.1重量％至3.0重量％，重量比为水溶性分散体至水溶性聚合物为6：1-36，将有效量的所述土壤密封剂与土壤密切混合，形成从所述土壤密封剂组合物和土壤的混合物中取出含水外壳，并使所述外壳与基本上不含工业废物化合物的水接触，从而使膨润土水合。

23. 发明授权

US5476142A Flexible contaminant-resistant grout composition and method 失效
标题翻译：柔性防污水泥浆组合物及方法
公开(公告)号：US5476142A
公开(公告)日：1995-12-19
申请号：US364091
申请日：1994-12-27
申请人： Laura Kajita
发明人： Laura Kajita
IPC分类号： B01D15/00 , B01D21/01 , B01J20/12 , C02F1/28 , C02F1/52 , C02F11/14 , C09K8/14 , E21B33/14 , E02D3/12
CPC分类号： C09K8/145 , B01J20/12
摘要： A flexible grout composition and method of disposing the composition in position, in contact with an earthen formation, such as a coating on a trench wall, or within a bore hole, for example to cement a conduit within the bore hole to prevent fluid loss, for sealing and grouting well casings, plugging abandoned wells, and waterproofing earthen structures, particularly in environments where the grout composition is in contact with contaminated water. The flexible grout composition includes a water-swellable clay, such as sodium bentonite; an optional solid particulate filler, such as an essentially nonswellable bentonite clay, such as calcium bentonite, herein defined as a bentonite clay having calcium as the predominant exchangeable cation; a water-soluble polymer; and an optional dispersing agent, such as sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP).
摘要翻译：一种柔性浆料组合物和将组合物置于与诸如沟槽壁上的涂层或钻孔中的土层接触的位置，例如将钻孔内的导管粘结以防止流体损失的位置，用于密封和灌浆井壳，堵塞废弃井和防水土结构，特别是在灌浆组合物与污染水接触的环境中。柔性浆料组合物包括水溶胀性粘土，例如钠膨润土; 可选的固体颗粒填料，例如基本上不可渗透的膨润土，例如钙膨润土，这里定义为具有钙作为主要可交换阳离子的膨润土; 水溶性聚合物; 和任选的分散剂，如焦磷酸钠（SAPP）。

24. 发明授权

US5452684A Method of agglomerating a smectite clay litter 失效
标题翻译：挤出的蒙脱石粘土结块动物垃圾具有改善的团块强度
公开(公告)号：US5452684A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-26
申请号：US248304
申请日：1994-05-24
申请人： Carol Elazier-Davis , Gary W. Beall , John Hughes
发明人： Carol Elazier-Davis , Gary W. Beall , John Hughes
IPC分类号： A01K1/015 , B01J2/20 , B01J20/12 , C09K3/00
CPC分类号： A01K1/0155 , A01K1/0154
摘要： An animal litter including an extruded smectite clay that forms stronger clumps, when wetted with animal urine, due to the extrusion process. In a preferred embodiment, the extruded smectite clay is mixed, before or after extrusion, with a small percentage, preferably at least about 0.025% to less than 0.1%, based on the dry weight of the smectite clay, of a water-soluble adhesive that forms improved, stronger, more cohesive clumps that can be essentially completely removed from a litter box leaving the remaining litter box contents odor-free.
摘要翻译：一种动物垃圾，包括挤压蒙脱石粘土，由于挤出过程而形成较强的团块，当用动物尿液润湿时。在优选的实施方案中，将挤出的蒙脱石粘土在挤出之前或之后以基于蒙脱石粘土的干重为基础的小百分比，优选至少约0.025％至小于0.1％的水溶性粘合剂其形成改进的，更强的，更具凝聚力的团块，其可以从垃圾箱基本上完全去除，使得剩余的垃圾箱内容物不含气味。

25. 发明授权

US5427990A Method of Improving absorption of salt water by water-swellable clay by redrying 失效
标题翻译：通过重新搅拌改善水溶性粘土吸收盐水的方法
公开(公告)号：US5427990A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-27
申请号：US154277
申请日：1993-11-18
申请人： John Hughes
发明人： John Hughes
IPC分类号： B01J20/12 , C04B33/04 , C09K8/14 , C09K7/00
CPC分类号： C04B33/04 , B01J20/12 , C09K8/145 , Y10S106/04
摘要： A method of treating a water-swellable clay after the clay has been mined and dried to improve its properties when in contact with salt-contaminated water. After the common initial drying of the clay to a moisture content of 12% by weight or less, the clay is rewetted to a moisture content of more than 12% by weight, preferably at least about 15% or more, based on the dry weight of the clay, then redried to a moisture content of 12% by weight or less, based on the dry weight of the clay. This rewetting and redrying processing of a dried clay unexpectedly improves the salt water absorbency, and viscosity properties when the clay is in contact with salt-contaminated water; unexpectedly increases the rheology properties of the clays for oil well drilling fluids and lost circulation fields when salt-contaminated water is encountered during drilling, as a suspending agent in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries when the composition contains a dissolved salt; and provides unexpectedly increased salt water-absorption in forming water-swellable clay-based water barriers.
摘要翻译：在开采和干燥粘土之后处理水溶胀性粘土的方法，以在与盐污染的水接触时改善其性能。在将粘土通常初始干燥至含水量为12重量％以下之后，将粘土再湿润至大于12重量％，优选至少约15重量％以上，基于干重的粘土，然后基于粘土的干重重新进行含水量为12重量％以下的水分含量。这种干燥粘土的再润湿和再加工处理意外地改善了盐水吸收性，以及当粘土与盐污染的水接触时的粘度特性; 当组合物含有溶解盐时，作为悬浮剂在化妆品和制药工业中，意外地增加了在钻井期间遇到盐污染的水的油井钻井液和流失场的粘土的流变性质; 并且在形成水溶胀性粘土基水屏障时提供了意想不到的增加的盐吸水性。

26. 发明授权

US5379948A Method for milling clay without substantial generation of powder 失效
标题翻译：不用大量生成粉末来研磨粘土的方法
公开(公告)号：US5379948A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-10
申请号：US177938
申请日：1994-01-06
申请人： Maynard Teppo
发明人： Maynard Teppo
IPC分类号： B28C1/18 , B02C4/08 , B02C4/30 , B02C21/00 , B02C23/14
CPC分类号： B02C4/30 , B02C21/00 , B02C23/14 , B02C4/08
摘要： An apparatus and method for crushing clay to reduce the size of the clay to a uniform particle size distribution without generating a substantial percentage of undersized particles. Oversized clay particles are fed to a first roller mill between a first pair of counter-rotating, adjacent, grooved rollers. The particles exiting the first roller mill that have the desired particle size distribution are separated from the undersized and oversized clay particles exiting the first roller mill, prior to crushing the oversized particles in a second roller mill. The oversized particles from the first roller mill then are fed to the second roller mill between a second pair of counter-rotating, adjacent rollers that are separated by a roller gap that is smaller than a roller gap of the first roller mill. By providing grooves in the outer surfaces of at least the first pair of rollers, in the first roller mill, and by removing the on-size particles prior to sending the over-size particles to the second roller mill, about 85% to about 95% of the clay feed is crushed to the desired particle size. It should be noted that the particle size distribution is set between a top screen and bottom screen, the product being recovered between the two screens, and the particle size distribution can be fixed by adjusting the roller gap between the rollers of one or more roller mills of the apparatus to achieve a specified particle size distribution.
摘要翻译：用于粉碎粘土以将粘土尺寸减小到均匀粒度分布的装置和方法，而不产生相当大比例的过小颗粒。超大粘土颗粒在第一对反向相邻的带槽辊之间被馈送到第一辊磨机。离开第一辊磨机的具有所需粒度分布的颗粒在离开第一辊磨机的尺寸过小的尺寸过大的粘土颗粒之前，在第二辊磨机中破碎过大的颗粒之前被分离。然后，来自第一辊磨机的尺寸过大的颗粒在第二对反向旋转相邻的辊之间被供给到第二辊磨机，辊之间被第二辊磨机的辊隙间隔开。通过在至少第一对辊的外表面中，在第一辊磨机中提供凹槽，并且在将超尺寸颗粒送到第二辊磨机之前移除一般尺寸的颗粒，约85％至约95 将粘土进料的％压碎至所需的粒度。应当注意，在顶筛和底筛之间设置粒度分布，产物在两个筛网之间回收，并且可以通过调节一个或多个辊磨机的辊之间的辊间隙来固定粒度分布的装置以实现特定的粒度分布。

27. 发明授权

US5358915A Process for regenerating spent acid-activated bentonite clays and smectite catalysts 失效
标题翻译：废酸活化膨润土和蒙皂石催化剂再生方法
公开(公告)号：US5358915A
公开(公告)日：1994-10-25
申请号：US17382
申请日：1993-02-12
申请人： Robert S. Nebergall , Dennis R. Taylor , Carolyn J. Kucharz
发明人： Robert S. Nebergall , Dennis R. Taylor , Carolyn J. Kucharz
IPC分类号： B01J20/12 , B01J20/34 , B01J38/60 , B01J38/64 , C11B3/10
CPC分类号： B01J20/12 , B01J20/3433 , B01J20/3475
摘要： A three step process for regenerating spent bleaching clays and acid-activated smectite catalyst granules includes: (1) an extraction step to remove a majority of entrained oil, preferably about 75% to about 95% by weight of the entrained oil, when regenerating bleaching clays; (2) an oxidation step to remove the majority of remaining carbonaceous adsorbates which are not removed by the preceding extraction step, and (3) an acid wash step to restore the acidity normally associated with fresh acid-activated bleaching clays. The features of steps 2 and 3 may be combined into a single step by using an appropriate oxidant, for example, a source of acidic protons, such as peracetic acid.
摘要翻译：用于再生废漂白粘土和酸活化蒙脱石催化剂颗粒的三步法包括：（1）当再生漂白时，提取步骤除去大部分夹带的油，优选约75％至约95％重量的夹带油粘土（2）氧化步骤以去除通过前述萃取步骤未除去的大多数剩余的碳质吸附物，和（3）酸洗步骤以恢复与新鲜酸活化的漂白粘土通常相关的酸度。步骤2和3的特征可以通过使用合适的氧化剂，例如酸性质子源，例如过乙酸，将其组合成单一步骤。

28. 发明授权

US5330946A Process of acid binding fine smectite clay particles into granules 失效
标题翻译：酸性结合微细蒙脱石粘土颗粒成颗粒的过程
公开(公告)号：US5330946A
公开(公告)日：1994-07-19
申请号：US11273
申请日：1993-01-29
申请人： Russell E. Hynes , Robert S. Nebergall
发明人： Russell E. Hynes , Robert S. Nebergall
IPC分类号： B01J2/10 , B01J2/28 , B01J20/12 , B01J21/16 , B01J37/00 , B28C1/00 , C01B33/26 , C01B33/40 , C01B39/06
CPC分类号： B01J37/0072 , B01J20/12 , B01J21/16
摘要： A bentonite clay-based polymerization catalyst is manufactured by adhering together a plurality of smaller acid-activated bentonite clay particles, using a strong mineral acid, such as H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, as a binder. An acid-activated bentonite clay having a particle size below about 60 mesh, U.S. Sieve Series, preferably calcium bentonite, having calcium as a predominant exchangeable action, is mixed with a strong mineral acid, preferably H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, and water to form the catalyst. The mixture is subjected to intensive mixing, curing and drying to form strong particles capable of grinding to a desired particle size distribution, e.g., -6 mesh to +60 mesh, U.S. Sieve Series, to form the catalyst. Fines resulting from the grinding step are completely recycled to the intensive mixing stage of the process to achieve 100% yield. Some adjustment of acid content of the mix may be needed to take into account the acid carried into the mix by recycled fines.
摘要翻译：通过使用强无机酸如H 2 SO 4作为粘合剂将多个较小的酸活化膨润土粘土颗粒粘合在一起来制造膨润土粘土基聚合催化剂。将粒径小于约60目的酸活化膨润土粘土与强酸性无机酸（优选H 2 SO 4）和水混合形成催化剂，美国筛系列（优选钙膨润土）具有钙作为主要的交换作用。将混合物进行强烈混合，固化和干燥以形成能够研磨至所需粒度分布的强颗粒，例如-6目至+60目的美国筛子系列，以形成催化剂。由研磨步骤产生的细粉完全循环到该方法的强化混合阶段以达到100％的收率。可能需要调整混合物的酸含量以考虑通过再循环的细粉进入混合物中的酸。

29. 发明授权

US5318953A Method of improving water-swellable clay properties by re-drying, compositions and articles 失效
标题翻译：通过再干燥，组合物和制品改善水溶胀性粘土性质的方法
公开(公告)号：US5318953A
公开(公告)日：1994-06-07
申请号：US985824
申请日：1992-12-03
申请人： John Hughes
发明人： John Hughes
IPC分类号： B01J20/12 , C04B33/04 , C09K8/14 , C09K7/00
CPC分类号： C04B33/04 , B01J20/12 , C09K8/145 , Y10S106/04
摘要： A method of treating a water-swellable clay, initially having a Fe.sup.+3 /Fe.sup.+2 ratio of at least 1.0, preferably at least 3.0, and most preferably in the range of about 5.0 to about 15.0, after the clay has been mined and dried. After the common initial drying of the clay to a moisture content of 12% or less, the clay is re-wetted to a moisture content of more than 12% by weight, preferably at least about 15% or more, based on the dry weight of the clay, then re-dried to a moisture content of 12% by weight or less, based on the dry weight of the clay. This re-wetting and re-drying processing of a dried clay unexpectedly improves the water absorbency, and viscosity properties; increases the effectiveness of the clays as binders in sand molds and iron ore pelletizing; unexpectedly increases the rheology properties of the clays for oilwell drilling fluids, and lost circulation fluids, and as a suspending agent in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries; improves the binding characteristics of the clays to act as a binder for iron ores, such as taconite, and sand molding (foundry industry); and provides unexpectedly increased water absorption in forming water-swellable clay-based water barriers.
摘要翻译：在开采粘土后，首先将Fe + 3 / Fe + 2比为至少1.0，优选至少3.0，最优选在约5.0至约15.0范围内的水溶胀性粘土的处理方法并干燥。在将粘土通常初始干燥至含水量为12％以下之后，基于干重将粘土再润湿至大于12重量％，优选至少约15重量％以上的含水量的粘土，然后基于粘土的干重再干燥至含水量为12重量％以下。这种干燥粘土的再润湿和再干燥处理意外地提高了吸水性和粘度特性; 提高粘土在砂模和铁矿石造粒中的有效性; 意外地增加了油井钻井液，流失液以及作为化妆品和制药行业悬浮剂的粘土的流变性能; 提高粘土作为铁矿石粘结剂的结合特性，如铁粉，砂型（铸造业）; 并且在形成水溶胀性粘土基水屏障时提供意想不到的增加的吸水率。

30. 发明授权

US5312807A Method of improving absorption of salt water by water-swellable clay by redrying 失效
标题翻译：通过重新搅拌改善水膨胀性粘土吸收盐水的方法
公开(公告)号：US5312807A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-17
申请号：US985830
申请日：1992-12-03
申请人： John Hughes
发明人： John Hughes
IPC分类号： B01J20/12 , C04B33/04 , C09K8/14 , C09K7/00
CPC分类号： C04B33/04 , B01J20/12 , C09K8/145 , Y10S106/04
摘要： A method of treating a water-swellable clay after the clay has been mined and dried to improve its properties when in contact with salt-contaminated water. After the common initial drying of the clay to a moisture content of 12% by weight or less, the clay is rewetted to a moisture content of more than 12% by weight, preferably at least about 15% or more, based on the dry weight of the clay, then redried to a moisture content of 12% by weight or less, based on the dry weight of the clay. This rewetting and redrying processing of a dried clay unexpectedly improves the salt water absorbency, and viscosity properties when the clay is in contact with salt-contaminated water; unexpectedly increases the rheology properties of the clays for oil well drilling fluids and lost circulation fields when salt-contaminated water is encountered during drilling, as a suspending agent in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries when the composition contains a dissolved salt; and provides unexpectedly increased salt water-absorption in forming water-swellable clay-based water barriers.
摘要翻译：在开采和干燥粘土之后处理水溶胀性粘土的方法，以在与盐污染的水接触时改善其性能。在将粘土通常初始干燥至含水量为12重量％以下之后，将粘土再湿润至大于12重量％，优选至少约15重量％以上，基于干重的粘土，然后基于粘土的干重重新进行含水量为12重量％以下的水分含量。这种干燥粘土的再润湿和再加工处理意外地改善了盐水吸收性，以及当粘土与盐污染的水接触时的粘度特性; 当组合物含有溶解盐时，作为悬浮剂在化妆品和制药工业中，意外地增加了在钻井期间遇到盐污染的水的油井钻井液和流失场的粘土的流变性质; 并且在形成水溶胀性粘土基水屏障时提供了意想不到的增加的盐吸水性。

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