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11. 发明授权

US06253212B1 Method and system for maintaining checkpoint values 失效
标题翻译：维护检查点值的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US06253212B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-26
申请号：US09103627
申请日：1998-06-23
申请人： Juan R. Loaiza , William H. Bridge, Jr. , Ashok Joshi
发明人： Juan R. Loaiza , William H. Bridge, Jr. , Ashok Joshi
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F11/1402 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： A method and system are provided for maintaining a checkpoint value that indicates which records of a plurality of records associated with updates made before a failure have to be processed after the failure. According to one aspect of the invention, an ordered list of buffers is maintained in volatile memory. The ordered list of buffers has a head and a tail. The ordered list of buffers is maintained by writing a record that indicates the update to nonvolatile memory and adding the buffer to the tail of the ordered list whenever an update is made to a data item within a buffer in volatile memory. When a data item contained in a buffer within the ordered list is stored in nonvolatile memory, the buffer can be removed from the ordered list. A checkpoint value that identifies a record associated with a buffer located at the head of the ordered list is written to nonvolatile memory. According to another aspect, after a failure, the record associated with the checkpoint value is identified. If a particular record was stored to nonvolatile memory before the record associated with the checkpoint value, the particular record is not processed. If the particular record was not stored to nonvolatile memory before the record associated with the checkpoint value, the particular record is processed.
摘要翻译：提供了一种方法和系统，用于维护检查点值，该检查点值指示在故障之后必须处理故障之前所做出的与更新相关联的多个记录的哪些记录。根据本发明的一个方面，缓存器的有序列表被保存在易失性存储器中。缓冲区的有序列表有一个头和尾。通过写入一个指示更新到非易失性存储器的记录来维护缓冲区的有序列表，并且每当对易失性存储器中的缓冲器内的数据项进行更新时，将该缓冲区添加到有序列表的尾部。当包含在有序列表中的缓冲器中的数据项存储在非易失性存储器中时，可以从有序列表中移除缓冲区。标识与位于有序列表头部的缓冲区关联的记录的检查点值被写入非易失性存储器。根据另一方面，在故障之后，识别与检查点值相关联的记录。如果在与检查点值相关联的记录之前将特定记录存储到非易失性存储器中，则不处理特定记录。如果在与检查点值相关联的记录之前没有将特定记录存储到非易失性存储器中，则处理特定记录。

12. 发明授权

US06243702B1 Method and apparatus for propagating commit times between a plurality of database servers 失效
标题翻译：用于在多个数据库服务器之间传播提交时间的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06243702B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-05
申请号：US09102724
申请日：1998-06-22
申请人： Roger J. Bamford , William H. Bridge, Jr. , J. William Lee , Alok Srivastava
发明人： Roger J. Bamford , William H. Bridge, Jr. , J. William Lee , Alok Srivastava
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F17/30356 , G06F9/466 , G06F17/30377 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99952
摘要： A method and system for removing propagation delays between a plurality of database servers that have access to a common database is provided. According to the method, each database server is associated with a logical clock. In response to initiating a commit of a transaction executing on a database server, a commit time for the transaction is determined and broadcast to one or more other database servers. The broadcast is overlapped with a transaction log force. Upon receiving the commit time, the database servers compare the transmitted commit time to the time indicated by their logical clock. If the commit time is greater than the time indicated by their logical clock, the database server sets its logical time to reflect a time that is at least as recent as the time reflected by the transmitted commit time.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于消除访问公共数据库的多个数据库服务器之间的传播延迟的方法和系统。根据该方法，每个数据库服务器与逻辑时钟相关联。响应于启动在数据库服务器上执行的事务的提交，确定事务的提交时间并广播到一个或多个其他数据库服务器。广播与事务日志强制重叠。在接收到提交时间后，数据库服务器将发送的提交时间与其逻辑时钟指示的时间进行比较。如果提交时间大于其逻辑时钟所指示的时间，则数据库服务器将其逻辑时间设置为反映至少与发送的提交时间反映的时间相同的时间。

13. 发明授权

US06804671B1 Pluggable tablespaces for database systems 有权
标题翻译：数据库系统的可插拔表空间
公开(公告)号：US06804671B1
公开(公告)日：2004-10-12
申请号：US10353381
申请日：2003-01-28
申请人： Juan R. Loaiza , Hasan Rizvi , J. William Lee , William H. Bridge, Jr. , Jonathan D. Klein , Alex Tsukerman , Gianfranco Putzolu
发明人： Juan R. Loaiza , Hasan Rizvi , J. William Lee , William H. Bridge, Jr. , Jonathan D. Klein , Alex Tsukerman , Gianfranco Putzolu
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F17/30952 , Y10S707/959 , Y10S707/99937 , Y10S707/99942 , Y10S707/99955
摘要： A pluggable tablespace is enabled by logically partitioning a database into a set of tablespaces and storing all of the tablespaces disk pointers in tablespace-relative format. A pluggable set of tablespaces is unplugged by generating the associated metadata, and making a binary copy of the tablespaces. The pluggable set of tablespaces is plugged into a target database by making the pluggable set accessible to the target database and incorporating the associated metadata, without patching any of the disk pointers.
摘要翻译：通过将数据库逻辑分区为一组表空间并以表空间相对格式存储所有表空间磁盘指针来启用可插入表空间。通过生成相关联的元数据并创建表空间的二进制副本，可以拔掉一组可插拔的表空间。可插入的表空间集合通过使可插入集合可访问目标数据库并结合相关联的元数据而插入到目标数据库中，而无需修补任何磁盘指针。

14. 发明授权

US06351754B1 Method and system for controlling recovery downtime 失效
标题翻译：控制恢复停机时间的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US06351754B1
公开(公告)日：2002-02-26
申请号：US09103630
申请日：1998-06-23
申请人： William H. Bridge, Jr. , Boris Klots , Juan R. Loaiza , Ashok Joshi
发明人： William H. Bridge, Jr. , Boris Klots , Juan R. Loaiza , Ashok Joshi
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F11/1461 , G06F11/1471 , G06F2201/80 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： A method and system for reducing overhead associated with recovering after a failure. According to the method, a checkpoint value is maintained that indicates which records of a plurality of records have to be processed after the failure. The plurality of records contain change information that corresponds to a plurality of data blocks. A target checkpoint value is determined based on a desired number of data block reads that will be required during a redo phase of recovery. Changes contained in volatile memory are then written to nonvolatile memory to advance the checkpoint value to at least the target checkpoint value. According to another aspect of the invention, the target checkpoint value is determined using a circular queue of offset buckets. The offset buckets are used to store index values that are associated with buffers in the ordered list. The target checkpoint value is periodically set equal to an index value that is contained in an offset bucket. According to another aspect of the invention, the target checkpoint value is determined by calculating a maximum number of records that should be processed after the failure. The maximum number of records is based on the desired number of data block reads that will be required during the redo phase of the recovery. The target checkpoint value is updated based on the maximum number of records.
摘要翻译：一种降低与故障恢复相关的开销的方法和系统。根据该方法，维护检查点值，其指示在故障之后必须处理多个记录的哪些记录。多个记录包含对应于多个数据块的改变信息。基于在恢复的重做阶段将需要的数据块读取的期望数目来确定目标检查点值。随后将易失性存储器中的变更写入非易失性存储器，将检查点值提升至至少目标检查点值。根据本发明的另一方面，使用偏移桶的圆形队列来确定目标检查点值。偏移量桶用于存储与排序列表中的缓冲区相关联的索引值。目标检查点值周期性设置为等于包含在偏移量桶中的索引值。根据本发明的另一方面，通过计算在故障之后应该处理的最大记录数来确定目标检查点值。记录的最大数量是基于恢复重做阶段所需要的数据块读取所需的数量。基于记录的最大数量更新目标检查点值。

15. 发明授权

US06272503B1 Tablespace-relative database pointers 失效
标题翻译：表空间相对数据库指针
公开(公告)号：US06272503B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-07
申请号：US08865693
申请日：1997-05-30
申请人： William H. Bridge, Jr. , Jonathan D. Klein , J. William Lee , Juan R. Loaiza , Alex Tsukerman , GianFranco Putzolu
发明人： William H. Bridge, Jr. , Jonathan D. Klein , J. William Lee , Juan R. Loaiza , Alex Tsukerman , GianFranco Putzolu
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F17/30952 , Y10S707/959 , Y10S707/99937 , Y10S707/99942 , Y10S707/99955
摘要： A database containing datafiles is partitioned into a set of tablespaces. Every disk pointer pointing to a data item in a datafile refers to a tablespace-relative file number for the datafile. Data pointed to by a tablespace-relative disk pointer is retrieved by first checking the cache, and upon a cache miss, the tablespace-relative file number is translated into an absolute file number according to a latch-free look up technique.
摘要翻译：包含数据文件的数据库被分成一组表空间。指向数据文件中的数据项的每个磁盘指针是指数据文件的表空间相对文件编号。通过首先检查缓存来检索由表空间相对磁盘指针指向的数据，并且在高速缓存未命中时，根据无闩锁查询技术将表空间相对文件号转换为绝对文件号。

16. 发明授权

US6078930A Multi-node fault-tolerant timestamp generation 失效
标题翻译：多节点容错时间戳生成
公开(公告)号：US6078930A
公开(公告)日：2000-06-20
申请号：US961798
申请日：1997-10-31
申请人： J. William Lee , William H. Bridge, Jr.
发明人： J. William Lee , William H. Bridge, Jr.
IPC分类号： G06F11/14 , G06F17/00 , G06F11/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/1415 , G06F2201/835 , Y10S707/99952 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： Techniques for determining a safe recovery time value after a failure of a first node in a computer system are described. According to the techniques, every node in a multi-node parallel database system maintains a logical clock for generating timestamps. The logical clocks are synchronized by attaching a current timestamp to every message that is sent by a node. When a node receives an incoming timestamp that is greater than the value indicated by the associated logical clock, it sets the associated logical clock forward to at least the value of the timestamp. When a node fails, a recovery node calculates a "safe" logical clock value to use in recovering the crashed node. In calculating the "safe" logical clock value, the recovery node searches specific areas of the database to locate and recover a most recent timestamp value associated with the crashed node. The recovery node then compares its current logical clock time value with the most recent crash node timestamp value to determine which timestamp is most recent. If the most recent crash node timestamp value is more recent than the recovery node's current logical clock time value, the recovery node's logical clock is updated to be at least as recent as the most recent crash node timestamp value. The recovery node then recovers the crashed node as its logical clock is guaranteed to be at least as recent as any timestamp value that was previously written to the database by the crashed node prior to failure.
摘要翻译：描述用于在计算机系统中的第一节点故障之后确定安全恢复时间值的技术。根据这些技术，多节点并行数据库系统中的每个节点维护用于生成时间戳的逻辑时钟。通过将当前时间戳附加到由节点发送的每个消息来同步逻辑时钟。当节点接收到大于由相关逻辑时钟指示的值的输入时间戳时，它将关联的逻辑时钟向前设置为至少时间戳的值。当节点出现故障时，恢复节点将计算一个“安全”的逻辑时钟值，用于恢复崩溃的节点。在计算“安全”逻辑时钟值时，恢复节点搜索数据库的特定区域以查找和恢复与崩溃的节点相关联的最新时间戳值。然后，恢复节点将其当前逻辑时钟时间值与最近的崩溃节点时间戳值进行比较，以确定哪个时间戳是最近的。如果最近的崩溃节点时间戳值比恢复节点当前的逻辑时钟时间值更新，则恢复节点的逻辑时钟被更新为至少与最近的崩溃节点时间戳值一样近。然后，恢复节点恢复崩溃的节点，因为其逻辑时钟保证至少与故障之前由崩溃的节点写入数据库的任何时间戳值一样最近。

17. 发明授权

US5983015A Latch-free sequence generation for high concurrency systems 失效
标题翻译：高并发系统的无锁定序列生成
公开(公告)号：US5983015A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-09
申请号：US962534
申请日：1997-10-31
申请人： J. William Lee , William H. Bridge, Jr.
发明人： J. William Lee , William H. Bridge, Jr.
IPC分类号： G06F9/46
CPC分类号： G06F9/52
摘要： A method and apparatus for reading a software counter in a computer system that contains a plurality of processes each having access to the software counter is provided. The software counter includes a wrap portion and a base portion that cannot both be accessed in an atomic operation. The method includes the steps of reading a first value. The first value being one of the wrap or base portions. Reading a second value. The second value being the other of the wrap or base portion. Determining whether the first value might be changed during a time period that elapsed between reading the first value and reading the second value. If the first value might be changed during the time period, then obtaining a latch that covers at least the wrap portion. After obtaining the latch, reading the wrap and base portion and releasing the latch.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于读取计算机系统中的软件计数器的方法和装置，该计算机系统包含多个具有访问软件计数器的进程。软件计数器包括在原子操作中不能同时访问的包裹部分和基部部分。该方法包括读取第一值的步骤。第一个值是包装或基部之一。读第二个值。第二个值是包装或基部中的另一个。确定在读取第一个值和读取第二个值之间经过的时间段内是否可以更改第一个值。如果在该时间段期间可以改变第一个值，则获得至少覆盖包裹部分的闩锁。在获得闩锁之后，读取包裹和基部并释放闩锁。

18. 发明授权

US07260658B2 Verifying input/output command data by separately sending data to be written and information about contents of the data 有权
标题翻译：通过分别发送要写入的数据和关于数据内容的信息来验证输入/输出命令数据
公开(公告)号：US07260658B2
公开(公告)日：2007-08-21
申请号：US10425166
申请日：2003-04-29
申请人： William H. Bridge, Jr. , James Williams
发明人： William H. Bridge, Jr. , James Williams
IPC分类号： G06F3/00
CPC分类号： G06F11/1435
摘要： Techniques for verifying input/output (I/O) command data are provided. Information about the contents of the data are specified in the I/O command. After an application issues the I/O command, a subsequent component, such as a controller, uses the information to verify the contents of the data before the I/O command is performed.
摘要翻译：提供了用于验证输入/输出（I / O）命令数据的技术。有关数据内容的信息在I / O命令中指定。应用程序发出I / O命令后，诸如控制器的后续组件在执行I / O命令之前，使用该信息来验证数据的内容。

19. 发明授权

US06636851B1 Method and apparatus for propagating commit times between a plurality of database servers 有权
标题翻译：用于在多个数据库服务器之间传播提交时间的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06636851B1
公开(公告)日：2003-10-21
申请号：US09758628
申请日：2001-01-10
申请人： Roger J. Bamford , William H. Bridge, Jr. , J. William Lee , Alok Srivastava
发明人： Roger J. Bamford , William H. Bridge, Jr. , J. William Lee , Alok Srivastava
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F17/30356 , G06F9/466 , G06F17/30377 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99952
摘要： A method and system for propagating commit times between a plurality of database servers that have access to a common database is provided. According to the method, each database server is associated with a logical clock. In response to initiating a commit of a transaction executing on a database server, a commit time for the transaction is determined and broadcast to one or more other database servers. According to one aspect, upon receiving the commit time at the one or more other database servers, the database servers compare the transmitted commit time to the time indicated by their logical clock. If the commit time is greater than the time indicated by their logical clock, the database server sets its logical time to reflect a time that is at least as recent as the time reflected by the transmitted commit time.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于在具有访问公共数据库的多个数据库服务器之间传播提交时间的方法和系统。根据该方法，每个数据库服务器与逻辑时钟相关联。响应于启动在数据库服务器上执行的事务的提交，确定事务的提交时间并广播到一个或多个其他数据库服务器。根据一个方面，一旦在一个或多个其他数据库服务器上接收到提交时间，数据库服务器将发送的提交时间与其逻辑时钟指示的时间进行比较。如果提交时间大于其逻辑时钟所指示的时间，则数据库服务器将其逻辑时间设置为反映至少与发送的提交时间反映的时间相同的时间。

20. 发明授权

US06549901B1 Using transportable tablespaces for hosting data of multiple users 有权
标题翻译：使用可移动的表空间来托管多个用户的数据
公开(公告)号：US06549901B1
公开(公告)日：2003-04-15
申请号：US09675195
申请日：2000-09-29
申请人： Juan R. Loaiza , Hasan Rizvi , J. William Lee , William H. Bridge, Jr. , Jonathan D. Klein , Alex Tsukerman , Gianfranco Putzolu
发明人： Juan R. Loaiza , Hasan Rizvi , J. William Lee , William H. Bridge, Jr. , Jonathan D. Klein , Alex Tsukerman , Gianfranco Putzolu
IPC分类号： G06F1730
CPC分类号： G06F17/30952 , Y10S707/99937
摘要： Provided are mechanisms that may be used to support efficient exportation of user data stored in a database system. According to an aspect of the present invention, a database system is configured to store data for users in separate repositories referred to as tablespaces. To store data in this manner, a database system may be configured in variety of ways.
摘要翻译：提供了可用于支持存储在数据库系统中的用户数据的有效输出的机制。根据本发明的一个方面，数据库系统被配置为将数据存储在被称为表空间的分开的存储库中。为了以这种方式存储数据，可以以各种方式配置数据库系统。

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