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11. 发明授权

US5171613A Apparatus and methods for application of coatings with supercritical fluids as diluents by spraying from an orifice 失效
标题翻译：用超临界流体涂抹涂料作为稀释剂的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5171613A
公开(公告)日：1992-12-15
申请号：US586204
申请日：1990-09-21
申请人： Hendrik F. Bok , Charles W. Glancy , Kenneth L. Hoy , Chinsoo Lee , Kenneth A. Nielsen
发明人： Hendrik F. Bok , Charles W. Glancy , Kenneth L. Hoy , Chinsoo Lee , Kenneth A. Nielsen
IPC分类号： B01F5/00 , B01F5/06 , B05B1/24 , B05B1/30 , B05B7/16 , B05B7/24 , B05D1/02
CPC分类号： B05D1/025 , B01F5/0619 , B05B1/306 , B05B7/168 , B05D2401/90
摘要： This invention is directed to improved spraying apparatus for coating substrates with a coating material and supercritical fluid which apparatus is provided with various features, either alone or in combination, to prevent undesirable premature cooling of the coating mixture which might detrimentally affect the final coating on the substrate; to prevent undesirable depressurization of supercritical fluid contained in the coating mixture which remains in the spray gun after spraying has been stopped; and/or to desirably provide the ability to mix the components of the coating mixture directly in the spray gun. Methods for utilizing these features in the spraying apparatus of the present invention are also disclosed.

12. 发明授权

US4560451A Electrolytic process for the production of alkene oxides 失效
标题翻译：用于生产烯烃氧化物的电解过程
公开(公告)号：US4560451A
公开(公告)日：1985-12-24
申请号：US490963
申请日：1983-05-02
申请人： Kenneth A. Nielsen
发明人： Kenneth A. Nielsen
IPC分类号： C07D301/02 , C07D301/03 , C25B3/00 , C25B3/02
CPC分类号： C07D301/14 , C25B3/00
摘要： Alkene oxide can be made in a simple, closed process that uses electrolysis to make bromine and hydroxide from bromide and water. The alkene reacts with bromine and then water to form an alkene bromohydrin, which is dehydrobrominated by hydroxide, regenerating bromide, to give alkene oxide.The main by-product in propylene oxide production is 1,2-dibromopropane, made by propylene reacting with bromine and then bromide. Since formation of 1,2-dibromopropane consumes propylene, electrical power, and bromide, which must be recovered, it is desirable to minimize its formation.It has been discovered that adding carbonate and/or bicarbonate to the bromide electrolyte reduces the formation of 1,2-dibromopropane independently of any pH effect.Carbonate/bicarbonate can be used to reduce formation of dibromo-compounds produced in epoxidation of other alkenes using the electrobromohydrin process.Other carboxylic group and/or carboxylategroup containing materials, which are functionally similar to bicarbonate, can also reduce formation of dibromo-compounds, as demonstrated using ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt to reduce formation of 1,2-dibromopropane in propylene oxide production.
摘要翻译：氧化烯可以在简单，封闭的过程中制造，使用电解法从溴和水中制备溴和氢氧化物。烯烃与溴反应，然后与水反应形成一种溴代氢溴酸酯，其通过氢氧化物脱溴，再生溴化物，得到烯烃氧化物。氧化丙烯生产中的主要副产物是1,2-溴代丙烯反应制得的1,2-二溴丙烷。由于1,2-二溴丙烷的形成消耗了必须回收的丙烯，电力和溴化物，所以希望使其形成最小化。已经发现，向溴化物电解质中加入碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐可以独立于任何pH效应而降低1,2-二溴丙烷的形成。可以使用碳酸盐/碳酸氢盐来减少使用电溴水过程在其它烯烃的环氧化中产生的二溴化合物的形成。在功能上类似于碳酸氢盐的其它羧基和/或羧酸酯基材料也可以减少二溴化合物的形成，如使用乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐所证明的，以减少在环氧丙烷生产中1,2-二溴丙烷的形成。

13. 发明授权

US5290604A Methods and apparatus for spraying solvent-borne compositions with reduced solvent emission using compressed fluids and separating solvent 失效
标题翻译：使用压缩流体和分离溶剂喷洒具有减少的溶剂排放的溶剂型组合物的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5290604A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-01
申请号：US993355
申请日：1992-12-18
申请人： Kenneth A. Nielsen
发明人： Kenneth A. Nielsen
IPC分类号： B05B7/32 , B05D1/02
CPC分类号： B05D1/025 , B05B12/1418 , B05B7/32 , B05D2401/90
摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for spraying a solvent-borne composition with reduced emission of organic solvents by exchanging a portion of the organic solvent diluent with a compressed fluid such as carbon dioxide, by adding the compressed fluid under pressure to maintain low viscosity and to facilitate solvent separation, separating a portion of the organic solvent, and spraying the resulting composition with compressed fluid.
摘要翻译：提供一种方法和装置，用于通过在压力下加压压缩流体以保持低粘度，通过将一部分有机溶剂稀释剂与压缩流体如二氧化碳交换而喷射具有减少的有机溶剂排放的溶剂型组合物，以保持低粘度促进溶剂分离，分离一部分有机溶剂，并用压缩流体喷射所得组合物。

14. 发明授权

US5178325A Apparatus and methods for application of coatings with compressible fluids as diluent by spraying from an orifice 失效
标题翻译：用于通过喷嘴喷射可压缩流体作为稀释剂的涂层的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5178325A
公开(公告)日：1993-01-12
申请号：US720623
申请日：1991-06-25
申请人： Kenneth A. Nielsen
发明人： Kenneth A. Nielsen
IPC分类号： B05B1/04 , B05B9/00 , B05D1/02
CPC分类号： B05B1/048 , B05B1/042 , B05B9/005 , B05D1/025
摘要： This invention is directed to an improved spray apparatus and corresponding methods for coating substrates with a coating material and a supercritical fluid or a subcritical compressed fluid, which apparatus is provided with an airless spray nozzle that produces a spray with reduced average velocity thereby minimizing the undesirable excessive momentum of the spray as well as the sideways deflection of the spray that occurs as it impacts of substrate. The spray nozzle is comprised of an elongated orifice passageway having a length sufficiently long in relation to the equivalent diameter so as to reduce the average spray velocity of the coating material.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种改进的喷雾装置和相应的涂覆材料和超临界流体或亚临界压缩流体涂覆基材的方法，该装置设置有无空气喷嘴，其产生具有降低的平均速度的喷雾，从而使不期望的喷雾的过大动量以及喷射的侧向偏转，因为它会影响底物的冲击。喷嘴由细长的孔口通道构成，其长度相对于当量直径足够长，以便降低涂层材料的平均喷射速度。

15. 发明授权

US5170727A Supercritical fluids as diluents in combustion of liquid fuels and waste materials 失效
标题翻译：超临界流体作为液体燃料和废物燃料的稀释液
公开(公告)号：US5170727A
公开(公告)日：1992-12-15
申请号：US677104
申请日：1991-03-29
申请人： Kenneth A. Nielsen
发明人： Kenneth A. Nielsen
IPC分类号： F23C99/00 , B05B7/32 , B05D1/02 , C10L1/00 , F23D11/10 , F23G7/04 , F23G7/05 , F23K5/10
CPC分类号： C10L1/00 , B05B7/32 , B05D1/025 , B05D2401/90
摘要： The present invention is directed to processes and apparatus in which supercritical fluids are used as viscosity reduction diluents for liquid fuels or waste materials which are then spray atomized into a combustion chamber. The addition of supercritical fluid to the liquid fuel and/or waste material allows viscous petroleum fractions and other liquids such as viscous waste materials that are too viscous to be atomized (or to be atomized well) to now be atomized by this invention by achieving viscosity reduction and allowing the fuel to produce a combustible spray and improved combustion efficiency. Moreover, the present invention also allows liquid fuels that have suitable viscosities to be better utilized as a fuel by achieving further viscosity reduction that improves atomization still further by reducing droplet size which enhances evaporation of the fuel from the droplets.

16. 发明授权

US5057342A Methods and apparatus for obtaining a feathered spray when spraying liquids by airless techniques 失效
标题翻译：用无空气技术喷洒液体时获得羽状喷雾的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5057342A
公开(公告)日：1991-10-15
申请号：US327273
申请日：1989-03-22
申请人： Kenneth L. Hoy , Kenneth A. Nielsen , Hendrik F. Bok
发明人： Kenneth L. Hoy , Kenneth A. Nielsen , Hendrik F. Bok
IPC分类号： B05B9/03 , B05B7/02 , B05B7/24 , B05B7/32 , B05D1/02 , B05D1/04 , C09D7/00
CPC分类号： C09D7/001 , B05B12/1418 , B05B7/32 , B05D1/025 , B05D1/04 , B05D2401/90
摘要： The present invention is directed to methods and apparatus for spraying liquid compositions by airless spray techniques which avoid fishtail spray patterns and desirably obtain feathered spray patterns.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通过无气喷涂技术喷射液体组合物的方法和装置，其避免鱼尾喷雾图案并期望获得羽化喷雾图案。

17. 发明授权

US5009367A Methods and apparatus for obtaining wider sprays when spraying liquids by airless techniques 失效
标题翻译：通过无气体技术喷洒液体时获得更大喷雾的方法和设备
公开(公告)号：US5009367A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-23
申请号：US327275
申请日：1989-03-22
申请人： Kenneth A. Nielsen
发明人： Kenneth A. Nielsen
IPC分类号： B05B7/24 , B05B5/16 , B05D1/02 , B05D1/04 , C09D7/00
CPC分类号： B05D1/025 , C09D7/001 , B05D1/04 , B05D2401/90
摘要： The present invention is directed to methods and apparatus for spraying liquid compositions by airless spray techniques so as to obtain wider spray patterns without having to alter the construction or configuration of conventional nozzles, nozzle tips or spray guns. By means of the present invention, the width of a spray pattern may be changed while the spraying operation is being conducted.

18. 发明授权

US06416624B1 Spray application of an additive composition to sheet materials 有权
标题翻译：将添加剂组合物喷涂到片材上
公开(公告)号：US06416624B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-09
申请号：US09529025
申请日：2000-04-05
申请人： Kenneth A. Nielsen , Jeffrey D. Goad , Duane F. Baumert , Richard S. Cesaretti
发明人： Kenneth A. Nielsen , Jeffrey D. Goad , Duane F. Baumert , Richard S. Cesaretti
IPC分类号： D21H2350
CPC分类号： C09K3/30 , B05D1/025 , B05D2401/90 , D06M23/06 , D06M23/10 , D21H21/22 , D21H23/24 , D21H23/50
摘要： The present invention is directed to methods for the spray application of additive compositions containing additive materials in the manufacture of sheet material products, such as paper products, textile products, and flexible sheet products by using compressed fluids, such as carbon dioxide and ethane, as a spraying medium. Additive compositions with high viscosity and which are substantially free of water and/or volatile solvent can be applied to sheet materials. Water-borne additive compositions with reduced water content can also be applied to sheet materials. One preferred spray method uses a decompressive spray of the compressed fluid which produces a uniform spray pattern and a narrow droplet size distribution that can improve application efficiency and quality when additive compositions are applied during the spraying step to rapidly conveyed sheet materials.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及用于通过使用诸如二氧化碳和乙烷之类的压缩流体在片材产品如纸制品，纺织产品和柔性片材产品的制造中喷涂施用含有添加剂材料的添加剂组合物的方法，如喷涂介质。具有高粘度且基本上不含水和/或挥发性溶剂的添加剂组合物可以应用于片材。含水量降低的水性添加剂组合物也可应用于片材。一种优选的喷雾方法使用压缩流体的减压喷雾，其产生均匀的喷雾图案和窄的液滴尺寸分布，当喷涂步骤中将添加剂组合物施加到快速输送的片材上时，可以提高应用效率和质量。

19. 发明授权

US5464154A Methods for spraying polymeric compositions with compressed fluids and enhanced atomization 失效
标题翻译：用压缩流体喷雾聚合物组合物和增强雾化的方法
公开(公告)号：US5464154A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-07
申请号：US129256
申请日：1993-09-29
申请人： Kenneth A. Nielsen
发明人： Kenneth A. Nielsen
IPC分类号： B05B7/04 , B05B1/02 , B05B1/04 , B05D1/02 , B05D7/24 , B05B17/04
CPC分类号： B05B1/042 , B05D1/025
摘要： The present invention is directed to methods for spraying polymeric compositions with supercritical or subcritical compressed fluids such as carbon dioxide or ethane over a wider range of spray conditions to provide improved spray application quality with reduced emission of solvent. The methods are accomplished by using an elongated spray orifice to transform narrow, fishtail, liquid-film sprays to wider, feathered, decompressive sprays.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及在更宽范围的喷雾条件下喷射具有超临界或亚临界压缩流体如二氧化碳或乙烷的聚合物组合物的方法，以通过减少溶剂的排放提供改进的喷涂施用质量。该方法通过使用细长的喷雾孔将窄的鱼尾，液膜喷雾转化成更宽的，羽状的减压喷雾来实现。

20. 发明授权

US5403089A Method and apparatus for metering and mixing non-compressible and compressible fluids 失效
标题翻译：用于计量和混合不可压缩和可压缩流体的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5403089A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-04
申请号：US163310
申请日：1993-12-07
申请人： Alex C. Kuo , Kenneth A. Nielsen , James A. Condron , Kenneth L. Hoy
发明人： Alex C. Kuo , Kenneth A. Nielsen , James A. Condron , Kenneth L. Hoy
IPC分类号： B05B7/24 , B01F3/08 , B01F15/04 , B05B7/32 , B05D1/02 , G05D11/13
CPC分类号： B05D1/025 , B01F15/0412 , B05B12/1418 , B05B7/32 , G05D11/132 , B05D2401/90
摘要： The present invention is directed to methods and apparatus for effectively proportionating a mixture of compressible and non-compressible fluids and in particular, the present invention is directed to apparatus and methods for forming a coating composition mixture containing a substantially accurate proportionated amount of at least one supercritical fluid used as a viscosity reduction diluent.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及用于有效地使可压缩和不可压缩流体的混合物成比例的方法和装置，特别地，本发明涉及用于形成涂料组合物混合物的装置和方法，该组合物混合物含有基本准确的配比的至少一种超临界流体用作粘度降低稀释剂。

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