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    • 14. 发明授权
    • Sleeve reaction chamber system
    • 套筒反应室系统
    • US07578976B1
    • 2009-08-25
    • US09568618
    • 2000-05-10
    • M. Allen NorthrupBarton V. BeemanWilliam J. BenettDean R. HadleyPhoebe LandreStacy L. LehewPeter A. Krulevitch
    • M. Allen NorthrupBarton V. BeemanWilliam J. BenettDean R. HadleyPhoebe LandreStacy L. LehewPeter A. Krulevitch
    • G01N33/00
    • B01L7/52B01L2300/0838B01L2300/1822
    • A chemical reaction chamber system that combines devices such as doped polysilicon for heating, bulk silicon for convective cooling, and thermoelectric (TE) coolers to augment the heating and cooling rates of the reaction chamber or chambers. In addition the system includes non-silicon-based reaction chambers such as any high thermal conductivity material used in combination with a thermoelectric cooling mechanism (i.e., Peltier device). The heat contained in the thermally conductive part of the system can be used/reused to heat the device, thereby conserving energy and expediting the heating/cooling rates. The system combines a micromachined silicon reaction chamber, for example, with an additional module/device for augmented heating/cooling using the Peltier effect. This additional module is particularly useful in extreme environments (very hot or extremely cold) where augmented heating/cooling would be useful to speed up the thermal cycling rates. The chemical reaction chamber system has various applications for synthesis or processing of organic, inorganic, or biochemical reactions, including the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or other DNA reactions, such as the ligase chain reaction.
    • 化学反应室系统,其组合诸如用于加热的掺杂多晶硅,对流冷却的散装硅和热电(TE)冷却器的装置,以增加反应室或室的加热和冷却速率。 此外,该系统包括非硅基反应室,例如与热电冷却机构(即珀尔帖装置)结合使用的任何高导热性材料。 系统的导热部分中所含的热量可以用于/再利用来加热装置,从而节省能量并加快加热/冷却速度。 该系统将微加工硅反应室与例如使用珀尔帖效应进行增强加热/冷却的附加模块/装置相结合。 该额外的模块在极端环境(非常热或极冷)中特别有用,其中增强的加热/冷却将有助于加快热循环速率。 化学反应室系统具有用于合成或加工有机,无机或生化反应的各种应用,包括聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和/或其他DNA反应,如连接酶链式反应。
    • 17. 发明授权
    • Laser and acoustic lens for lithotripsy
    • 激光和声透镜用于碎石术
    • US06491685B2
    • 2002-12-10
    • US09516999
    • 2000-03-01
    • Steven R. VisuriAnthony J. MakarewiczRichard A. LondonWilliam J. BenettPeter KrulevitchLuiz B. Da Silva
    • Steven R. VisuriAnthony J. MakarewiczRichard A. LondonWilliam J. BenettPeter KrulevitchLuiz B. Da Silva
    • A61B1722
    • A61B18/26A61B2018/263
    • An acoustic focusing device whose acoustic waves are generated by laser radiation through an optical fiber. The acoustic energy is capable of efficient destruction of renal and biliary calculi and deliverable to the site of the calculi via an endoscopic procedure. The device includes a transducer tip attached to the distal end of an optical fiber through which laser energy is directed. The transducer tip encapsulates an exogenous absorbing dye. Under proper irradiation conditions (high absorbed energy density, short pulse duration) a stress wave is produced via thermoelastic expansion of the absorber for the destruction of the calculi. The transducer tip can be configured into an acoustic lens such that the transmitted acoustic wave is shaped or focused. Also, compressive stress waves can be reflected off a high density/low density interface to invert the compressive wave into a tensile stress wave, and tensile stresses may be more effective in some instances in disrupting material as most materials are weaker in tension than compression. Estimations indicate that stress amplitudes provided by this device can be magnified more than 100 times, greatly improving the efficiency of optical energy for targeted material destruction.
    • 声波聚焦装置,其声波通过激光辐射通过光纤产生。 声能能够有效地破坏肾脏和胆汁结石,并可通过内窥镜手术递送至结石部位。 该装置包括附接到光纤的远端的换能器尖端,通过激光能量被引导。 换能器尖端封装外源吸收染料。 在适当的照射条件(高吸收能量密度,短脉冲持续时间)下,通过吸收器的热弹性膨胀产生应力波,以破坏结石。 换能器尖端可以被配置成声透镜,使得发射的声波成形或聚焦。 此外,压应力波可以从高密度/低密度界面反射,以将压缩波反转成拉伸应力波,并且拉伸应力在某些情况下在破坏材料中可能更有效,因为大多数材料的张力比压缩弱。 估计表明,该装置提供的应力幅度可以放大100倍以上,大大提高了光能量对目标材料的破坏效率。
    • 18. 发明授权
    • Microfluidic interconnects
    • 微流控互连
    • US06273478B1
    • 2001-08-14
    • US09281345
    • 1999-03-30
    • William J. BenettPeter A. Krulevitch
    • William J. BenettPeter A. Krulevitch
    • F16L2103
    • F16L19/0218F15C5/00F16L21/03
    • A miniature connector for introducing microliter quantities of solutions into microfabricated fluidic devices, and which incorporates a molded ring or seal set into a ferrule cartridge, with or without a compression screw. The fluidic connector, for example, joins standard high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) tubing to 1 mm diameter holes in silicon or glass, enabling ml-sized volumes of sample solutions to be merged with &mgr;l-sized devices. The connector has many features, including ease of connect and disconnect; a small footprint which enables numerous connectors to be located in a small area; low dead volume; helium leak-tight; and tubing does not twist during connection. Thus the connector enables easy and effective change of microfluidic devices and introduction of different solutions in the devices.
    • 一种微型连接器,用于将微量的溶液引入微细加工的流体装置中,并且将带有或不带有压缩螺杆的模制环或密封件组合到套圈盒中。 例如,流体连接器将标准高压液相色谱(HPLC)管道连接到硅或玻璃中的1mm直径的孔中,使得能够将大小体积的样品溶液与多种尺寸的装置合并。 连接器具有许多功能,包括易于连接和断开连接; 小的占地面积,使许多连接器位于一个小区域; 死亡体积小 氦密封; 并且管道在连接期间不扭曲。 因此,连接器能够简单有效地改变微流体装置并在装置中引入不同的解决方案。
    • 19. 发明授权
    • Apparatus for loading shape memory gripper mechanisms
    • 装载形状记忆夹持机构的装置
    • US06240630B1
    • 2001-06-05
    • US08984624
    • 1997-12-03
    • Abraham P. LeeWilliam J. BenettDaniel L. SchumannPeter A. KrulevitchJoseph P. Fitch
    • Abraham P. LeeWilliam J. BenettDaniel L. SchumannPeter A. KrulevitchJoseph P. Fitch
    • B21D3904
    • A61B17/221A61B17/1219A61B2017/00345A61B2017/00867A61B2017/00871A61B2017/1205A61B2017/12068A61B2017/12072Y10T29/49865Y10T29/49929Y10T29/53439Y10T29/53987
    • A method and apparatus for loading deposit material, such as an embolic coil, into a shape memory polymer (SMP) gripping/release mechanism. The apparatus enables the application of uniform pressure to secure a grip by the SMP mechanism on the deposit material via differential pressure between, for example, vacuum within the SMP mechanism and hydrostatic water pressure on the exterior of the SMP mechanism. The SMP tubing material of the mechanism is heated to above the glass transformation temperature (Tg) while reshaping, and subsequently cooled to below Tg to freeze the shape. The heating and/or cooling may, for example, be provided by the same water applied for pressurization or the heating can be applied by optical fibers packaged to the SMP mechanism for directing a laser beam, for example, thereunto. At a point of use, the deposit material is released from the SMP mechanism by reheating the SMP material to above the temperature Tg whereby it returns to its initial shape. The reheating of the SM material may be carried out by injecting heated fluid (water) through an associated catheter or by optical fibers and an associated beam of laser light, for example.
    • 一种用于将诸如栓塞线圈的沉积材料装载到形状记忆聚合物(SMP)夹持/释放机构中的方法和装置。 该装置能够通过例如SMP机构中的真空和SMP机构的外部上的静水压力之间的压差来施加均匀的压力,以通过SMP机构来确保在沉积材料上的握持。 将机构的SMP管材料加热至高于玻璃化转变温度(Tg),同时重塑,随后冷却至Tg以下以冻结形状。 加热和/或冷却可以例如由施加加压的相同的水提供,或者可以通过包封在SMP机构中的光纤施加加热,以引导例如激光束。 在使用时,通过将SMP材料再加热到高于Tg的温度Tg,沉积材料从SMP机制释放,由此其恢复到初始形状。 SM材料的再加热可以通过例如通过相关联的导管或通过光纤和相关的激光束注入加热的流体(水)来进行。
    • 20. 发明授权
    • Microfluidic interconnects
    • 微流控互连
    • US06209928B1
    • 2001-04-03
    • US09090769
    • 1998-06-04
    • William J. BenettPeter A. Krulevitch
    • William J. BenettPeter A. Krulevitch
    • F16L3900
    • F16L37/025
    • A miniature connector for introducing microliter quantities of solutions into microfabricated fluidic devices. The fluidic connector, for example, joins standard high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) tubing to 1 mm diameter holes in silicon or glass, enabling ml-sized volumes of sample solutions to be merged with &mgr;l-sized devices. The connector has many features, including ease of connect and disconnect; a small footprint which enables numerous connectors to be located in a small area; low dead volume; helium leak-tight; and tubing does not twist during connection. Thus the connector enables easy and effective change of microfluidic devices and introduction of different solutions in the devices.
    • 用于将微量数量的溶液引入微制造流体装置的微型连接器。 例如,流体连接器将标准高压液相色谱(HPLC)管道连接到硅或玻璃中的1mm直径的孔中,使得能够将大小体积的样品溶液与多种尺寸的装置合并。 连接器具有许多功能,包括易于连接和断开连接; 小的占地面积,使许多连接器位于一个小区域; 死亡体积小 氦密封; 并且管道在连接期间不扭曲。 因此,连接器能够简单有效地改变微流体装置并在装置中引入不同的解决方案。