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11. 发明授权

US5862060A Maintenance of process control by statistical analysis of product optical spectrum 失效
标题翻译：通过产品光谱的统计分析维护过程控制
公开(公告)号：US5862060A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-19
申请号：US755425
申请日：1996-11-22
申请人： Richard C. Murray, Jr.
发明人： Richard C. Murray, Jr.
IPC分类号： G01N21/35 , G06F17/18 , G06F19/00
CPC分类号： G06F17/18 , G01N21/359
摘要： Control of many chemical processes is optimized using compositional data, rather than physical properties, as the means of control. Using near infrared spectroscopy as the analytical tool affords the opportunity for on-line measurements in real time. A calibration set of NIR spectra bounding the acceptable process space within which a particular property is to be controlled is obtained by conventional means. Applying a multivariant statistical method to the calibration set affords a method of identifying the most important characteristics of the set which governs the controlled property, and is inherently related to the composition of the process product. Control then is effected by using only a small number (2-4) of such characteristics, which can be determined quickly and simply from the measured spectra, as the control criteria to be applied to the process as a whole. The result is a very effective way of controlling a complex process using only 2-4 non-obvious criteria objectively determined from a calibration set and which can be applied in real time and virtually continuously resulting in a well-controlled process whose product composition is (ideally) invariant.
摘要翻译：作为控制手段，使用成分数据而不是物理性质来优化许多化学过程的控制。使用近红外光谱仪作为分析工具，可以实时在线测量。通过常规方法获得一个限定特定性质要控制的可接受工艺空间的NIR光谱校准集。将多变量统计学方法应用到校准集中提供了一种识别集合控制属性的最重要特征的方法，并且与过程产品的组成本质上相关。然后通过仅使用少量（2-4）这样的特性来实现控制，其可以从测量的光谱中快速和简单地确定为作为整体应用于过程的控制标准。结果是一种非常有效的方法，只使用从校准集客观确定的2-4个非明显标准来控制复杂过程，可以实时和实际连续地应用这些标准，导致一个控制良好的过程，其产品组成为理想地）不变。

12. 发明授权

US5512751A Calibration of NIR spectra in measuring properties of petroleum products 失效
标题翻译：校准NIR光谱测量石油产品的性质
公开(公告)号：US5512751A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-30
申请号：US358288
申请日：1994-12-19
申请人： Richard C. Murray, Jr. , Mark S. Zetter
发明人： Richard C. Murray, Jr. , Mark S. Zetter
IPC分类号： G01N21/27 , G01N21/35
CPC分类号： G01N21/274 , G01N21/3577 , G01N21/359
摘要： The observation was made that virtually all octane number variations arise from 23 components present in a broad variety of gasolines. Consequently it is possible to develop a calibration set consisting of a gasoline base stock as modified by one or more of the 23 components. By measuring the octane number and near infrared spectrum of each member of the calibration set, the octane number of any sample at the site specific for the base stock may be determined from the near infrared spectrum of the sample.
摘要翻译：观察发现，实际上所有辛烷值的变化都是由各种各样的汽油中存在的23种成分组成。因此，可以开发由23个部件中的一个或多个部件修改的汽油原料组成的校准组。通过测量校准组的每个成员的辛烷值和近红外光谱，可以从样品的近红外光谱确定基料特有的位点处的任何样品的辛烷值。

13. 发明授权

US4653499A Solid phase electrode 失效
标题翻译：固相电极
公开(公告)号：US4653499A
公开(公告)日：1987-03-31
申请号：US699369
申请日：1985-02-07
申请人： Richard C. Murray, Jr. , J. Scott Fowler , Mark S. Goorsky
发明人： Richard C. Murray, Jr. , J. Scott Fowler , Mark S. Goorsky
IPC分类号： A61B5/15 , A61B5/145 , A61B5/1473 , A61B5/1486 , G01N27/30 , G01N27/333 , A61B5/00
CPC分类号： G01N27/3335
摘要： An electrode for use in miniaturized sensor applications includes an electrically conductive element, a first layer of a salt on the surface of the conductive element having a common cation with the conductive element, a second layer of a second salt coating the first layer, the second layer having a common anion with the first layer, and a membrane covering the second layer, wherein the electrode is completely anhydrous when formed. The membrane may be selected to form either an ion selective electrode or a reference electrode.
摘要翻译：用于小型化传感器应用的电极包括导电元件，在导电元件的表面上具有与导电元件共用的阳离子的盐的第一层，涂覆第一层的第二盐的第二层，第二层的第二层层与第一层具有共同的阴离子，以及覆盖第二层的膜，其中电极在形成时是完全无水的。可以选择膜以形成离子选择性电极或参考电极。

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