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11. 发明申请

US20080056255A1 Lateral error correction for time-critical multicast 有权
标题翻译：时间关键组播的侧向纠错
公开(公告)号：US20080056255A1
公开(公告)日：2008-03-06
申请号：US11513006
申请日：2006-08-30
申请人： Kenneth Paul Birman , Mahesh Balakrishnan
发明人： Kenneth Paul Birman , Mahesh Balakrishnan
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L12/1868 , H04L1/1812 , H04L2001/0093
摘要： A system and method for providing a low-latency reliable multicast protocol designed for time-critical clustered applications. Internet Protocol (IP) multicast is used to transmit data and recovers from packet loss in end-hosts using a repair mechanism involving the exchange of XOR repairs between receivers and across groups. The system and method of the present invention can be embodied in a scalable, reliable and fast multicast primitive that can be layered under high-level abstractions such as publish-subscribe, group communication and replicated service/object infrastructures.
摘要翻译：一种用于为时间关键的集群应用程序提供设计的低延迟可靠多播协议的系统和方法。互联网协议（IP）组播用于传输数据，并使用修复机制从终端主机的丢包中恢复，这种修复机制涉及接收器和组之间的XOR修复交换。本发明的系统和方法可以以可扩展，可靠和快速的多播原语来实现，其可以在诸如发布订阅，组通信和复制服务/对象基础设施的高级抽象下分层。

12. 发明授权

US06208691B1 Method for seamless splicing in a video encoder 有权
标题翻译：在视频编码器中无缝拼接的方法
公开(公告)号：US06208691B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-27
申请号：US09369537
申请日：1999-08-06
申请人： Mahesh Balakrishnan , Cedric Caron
发明人： Mahesh Balakrishnan , Cedric Caron
IPC分类号： H04N732
CPC分类号： H04N21/23406 , H04N19/114 , H04N19/115 , H04N19/117 , H04N19/124 , H04N19/142 , H04N19/149 , H04N19/152 , H04N19/159 , H04N19/172 , H04N19/177 , H04N19/40 , H04N19/577 , H04N19/61 , H04N21/23424 , H04N21/2365 , H04N21/4347 , H04N21/44004 , H04N21/44016
摘要： A method of achieving seamless switching of digitally compressed signals. The method includes the steps of identifying the point in a video signal where splicing to a second video signal is desired, and thereafter, maintaining adherence to certain parameters in the encoder buffer to ensure that the input signal. is not being compressed at a rate that causes either underflow or overflow in the encoder buffer. The method also includes the steps of constraining the upper bound of the encoder buffer to ensure that data is not being outputted from the encoder buffer to the decoder buffer too slowly so as to cause an underflow of data in the decoder buffer. The method may also include the steps of constraining the lower bound of the encoder buffer to ensure that data is not being outputted from the encoder buffer to the decoder buffer too quickly so as to cause an overflow of data in the decoder buffer.
摘要翻译：实现数字压缩信号的无缝切换的方法。该方法包括以下步骤：识别在期望与第二视频信号进行拼接的视频信号中的点，之后，保持对编码器缓冲器中的某些参数的遵守以确保输入信号。不会以导致编码器缓冲区下溢或溢出的速率被压缩。该方法还包括限制编码器缓冲器的上限以确保数据没有被缓慢地从编码器缓冲器输出到解码器缓冲器的步骤，从而导致解码器缓冲器中的数据下溢。该方法还可以包括以下步骤：限制编码器缓冲器的下限，以确保数据不会被快速地从编码器缓冲器输出到解码器缓冲器，从而导致解码器缓冲器中的数据溢出。

13. 发明申请

US20120203888A1 SELECTING COMPUTING NODES IN CLOUD SERVICE USING REPLICATION TOPOLOGIES 有权
标题翻译：使用复制拓扑选择云计算服务
公开(公告)号：US20120203888A1
公开(公告)日：2012-08-09
申请号：US13022635
申请日：2011-02-08
申请人： Mahesh Balakrishnan , Marcos K. Aguilera , Birjodh Tiwana , Hitesh Ballani
发明人： Mahesh Balakrishnan , Marcos K. Aguilera , Birjodh Tiwana , Hitesh Ballani
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： G06F9/505 , G06F11/2094
摘要： A cloud statistics server generates statistics for a cloud service based on an identified data item and an identified operation. The cloud service may include various computing nodes and storage nodes. The cloud statistics may include expected completion times for the identified operation and the identified data item with respect to each of the computing nodes. A computing node may be selected to execute the identified operation based on the expected completion times. The generated statistics may be generated by the cloud statistics server using a network topology associated with the data item that is based on the latencies or expected transfer times between the various storage nodes and computing nodes, and a replication strategy used by the cloud service. The topology may be implemented as a directed graph with edge weights corresponding to expected transfer times between each node.
摘要翻译：云统计服务器根据识别的数据项和识别的操作生成云服务的统计信息。云服务可以包括各种计算节点和存储节点。云统计可以包括针对每个计算节点的所识别的操作和所识别的数据项的预期完成时间。可以选择计算节点以基于预期的完成时间来执行所识别的操作。所生成的统计信息可以由云统计服务器使用与数据项关联的网络拓扑生成，该网络拓扑基于各种存储节点和计算节点之间的延迟或预期传送时间，以及由云服务使用的复制策略。拓扑可以被实现为具有对应于每个节点之间的预期传送时间的边权重的有向图。

14. 发明授权

US07463683B2 Method and apparatus for decoding spatially scaled fine granular encoded video signals 失效
标题翻译：用于对空间缩放的细粒度编码视频信号进行解码的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US07463683B2
公开(公告)日：2008-12-09
申请号：US09998361
申请日：2001-11-29
申请人： Mihaela Van Der Schaar , Mahesh Balakrishnan
发明人： Mihaela Van Der Schaar , Mahesh Balakrishnan
IPC分类号： H04N7/18
CPC分类号： H04N19/36 , H04N19/31 , H04N19/33 , H04N19/34 , H04N19/44 , H04N19/59 , H04N19/61 , H04N21/234327 , H04N21/234363 , H04N21/4621 , H04N21/64792
摘要： A method and system for producing decoding the transmission of high-resolution images transmitted as a low resolution spatially scalable FGS encoded base layer and at least one enhancement layer is presented. The low resolution received base layer is representative of a downscaled image of the original image. In this manner, a minimum resolution base layer is transmitted and higher resolutions may be obtained and utilized depending on the available bandwidth and the receiving system resolution capability. In one aspect of the invention, the base layer is decoded and a quality enhancement is next applied to the base layer. The combined base layer and quality layer video frames are then upscaled and the upscaled image is combined with a decoded spatial enhancement layer information. The spatial enhancement layer information fills in resolution lacking in the upscaled base layer/quality layer image. Thus, a high resolution image is formed. In another aspect of the invention, a temporal layer, containing information regarding image motion, is further applied to the upscaled base layer image to produce a spatially enhanced/temporally enhanced high resolution image.
摘要翻译：提出了一种用于产生对作为低分辨率空间可缩放的FGS编码的基础层和至少一个增强层发送的高分辨率图像的传输进行解码的方法和系统。低分辨率接收基层代表原始图像的缩小图像。以这种方式，发送最小分辨率基础层，并且可以根据可用带宽和接收系统分辨能力获得和使用更高分辨率。在本发明的一个方面中，对基本层进行解码，接下来将基础层应用质量增强。然后将组合的基层和质量层视频帧放大，并且将放大的图像与解码的空间增强层信息组合。空间增强层信息填补了放大的基本层/质量层图像中缺少的分辨率。因此，形成高分辨率图像。在本发明的另一方面，包含关于图像运动的信息的时间层进一步应用于放大的基本层图像以产生空间增强/时间增强的高分辨率图像。

15. 发明授权

US06473903B2 Method and system for implementing interactive broadcast programs and commercials 失效
标题翻译：实现互动广播节目和广告的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US06473903B2
公开(公告)日：2002-10-29
申请号：US08774767
申请日：1996-12-30
申请人： Mahesh Balakrishnan , Prerana Vaidya
发明人： Mahesh Balakrishnan , Prerana Vaidya
IPC分类号： H04N550
CPC分类号： H04N5/4401 , H04N5/445 , H04N7/16 , H04N21/23614 , H04N21/4348 , H04N21/44016 , H04N21/4725 , H04N21/812 , H04N21/8583
摘要： A system for implementing an interactive broadcast program which includes a transmitter for transmitting a multiplexed data stream which includes a main program and a plurality of different commercials, and a receiver (e.g., a digital television receiver) configured to receive the multiplexed data stream. The receiver includes a display device (e.g., a television monitor) and, facilities responsive to a user action for causing the display device to display a selected one of the plurality of different commercials during a commercial interruption in the main program. Also disclosed is a system for implementing an interactive broadcast program which includes a transmitter for transmitting a multiplexed data stream which includes an interactive main program comprised of a plurality of main program segments including at least a first main program segment and a plurality of different second main program segments, and a receiver. The receiver (e.g., an analog television receiver equipped with a digital set-top box) includes a display device (e.g., a CRT), and facilities responsive to a user action for causing the display device to branch to a selected one of the plurality of different second main program segments at a branching point of the first main program segment.
摘要翻译：一种用于实现交互式广播节目的系统，包括用于发送包括主节目和多个不同广告的多路复用数据流的发射机，以及被配置为接收复用数据流的接收机（例如，数字电视接收机）。接收机包括显示设备（例如，电视监视器）以及响应于用户操作的设备，用于使得显示设备在主程序的商业中断期间显示多个不同广告中的所选择的一个。还公开了一种用于实现交互式广播节目的系统，该系统包括用于发送多路复用数据流的发射机，该发射机包括由包括至少第一主节目片段和多个不同第二主节目的多个主节目片段组成的交互式主节目程序段和接收器。接收器（例如，配备有数字机顶盒的模拟电视接收机）包括显示装置（例如，CRT）以及响应于用户动作的设备，使得显示设备分支到多个选定的一个在第一主程序段的分支点处的不同的第二主程序段。

16. 发明授权

US5982436A Method for seamless splicing in a video encoder 失效
标题翻译：在视频编码器中无缝拼接的方法
公开(公告)号：US5982436A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-09
申请号：US829124
申请日：1997-03-28
申请人： Mahesh Balakrishnan , Cedric Caron
发明人： Mahesh Balakrishnan , Cedric Caron
IPC分类号： H04N7/26 , H04N7/46 , H04N7/50 , H04N21/234 , H04N21/2365 , H04N21/434 , H04N21/44 , H04N7/32
CPC分类号： H04N21/23406 , H04N19/114 , H04N19/115 , H04N19/117 , H04N19/124 , H04N19/142 , H04N19/149 , H04N19/152 , H04N19/159 , H04N19/172 , H04N19/177 , H04N19/40 , H04N19/577 , H04N19/61 , H04N21/23424 , H04N21/2365 , H04N21/4347 , H04N21/44004 , H04N21/44016
摘要： A method of achieving seamless switching of digitally compressed signals. The method includes the steps of identifying the point in a video signal where splicing to a second video signal is desired, and thereafter, maintaining adherence to certain parameters in the encoder buffer to ensure that the input signal is not being compressed at a rate that causes either underflow or overflow in the encoder buffer. The method also includes the steps of constraining the upper bound of the encoder buffer to ensure that data is not being outputted from the encoder buffer to the decoder buffer too slowly so as to cause an underflow of data in the decoder buffer. The method may also include the steps of constraining the lower bound of the encoder buffer to ensure that data is not being outputted from the encoder buffer to the decoder buffer too quickly so as to cause an overflow of data in the decoder buffer.
摘要翻译：实现数字压缩信号的无缝切换的方法。该方法包括以下步骤：识别在期望与第二视频信号进行拼接的视频信号中的点，之后，维持对编码器缓冲器中的某些参数的遵守，以确保输入信号没有以导致的速率被压缩在编码器缓冲区中下溢或溢出。该方法还包括限制编码器缓冲器的上限以确保数据没有被缓慢地从编码器缓冲器输出到解码器缓冲器的步骤，从而导致解码器缓冲器中的数据下溢。该方法还可以包括以下步骤：限制编码器缓冲器的下限，以确保数据不会被快速地从编码器缓冲器输出到解码器缓冲器，从而导致解码器缓冲器中的数据溢出。

17. 发明授权

US5566208A Encoder buffer having an effective size which varies automatically with the channel bit-rate 失效
标题翻译：编码器缓冲器具有随着信道比特率自动变化的有效大小
公开(公告)号：US5566208A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-15
申请号：US214910
申请日：1994-03-17
申请人： Mahesh Balakrishnan
发明人： Mahesh Balakrishnan
IPC分类号： H03M7/30 , H04N7/24 , H04N7/60 , H04N19/00 , H04N21/234 , H04N21/236 , H04N21/24 , H04B1/66
CPC分类号： H04N21/23608 , H04N19/152 , H04N21/23406 , H04N21/2402 , H04N19/50
摘要： The effective (or logical) size of the encoder buffer in a video transmission system is varied with the transmission bit-rate. Also, a minimum fill level is maintained in the encoder buffer whenever the transmission rate is too high to assure otherwise that the decoder buffer will not overflow or underflow. The encoding rate is varied so as to maintain a fill level in the encoder buffer within limits. In the preferred embodiment, the logical encoder buffer has a size which is maintained at R.DELTA.T(1-m.sub.1)-M, where R is the average transmission bit-rate, which may vary, .DELTA.T is the fixed delay between the encoding and decoding processes for a transmitted video signal, R(1-m.sub.m) is the minimum instantaneous transmission rate that the communication system achieves at average rate R, and M is the maximum total buffer storage in the communication system. When the decoder buffer has a size less than R.DELTA.T(1+m.sub.2), where R(1+m.sub.2) is the maximum instantaneous transmission rate at average rate R, the encoder buffer fill level is maintained above a minimum level that is equal to the amount by which the decoder buffer is less than R.DELTA.T(1+m.sub.2).
摘要翻译：视频传输系统中的编码器缓冲器的有效（或逻辑）尺寸随传输比特率而变化。而且，每当传输速率太高而不能确保解码器缓冲区不会溢出或下溢时，在编码器缓冲器中保持最小填充级别。改变编码速率以便将编码器缓冲器中的填充水平保持在限度内。在优选实施例中，逻辑编码器缓冲器具有维持在R DELTA T（1-m1）-M的大小，其中R是平均传输比特率，其可以变化，DELTA T是编码之间的固定延迟并且发送视频信号的解码处理R（1-mm）是通信系统以平均速率R实现的最小瞬时传输速率，M是通信系统中的最大总缓冲器存储。当解码器缓冲器的尺寸小于R DELTA T（1 + m2）时，其中R（1 + m2）是平均速率R时的最大瞬时传输速率，编码器缓冲器的填充电平保持在等于到解码器缓冲器小于R DELTA T（1 + m2）的量。

18. 发明授权

US09110724B2 Selecting computing nodes in cloud service using replication topologies 有权
标题翻译：使用复制拓扑选择云服务中的计算节点
公开(公告)号：US09110724B2
公开(公告)日：2015-08-18
申请号：US13022635
申请日：2011-02-08
申请人： Mahesh Balakrishnan , Marcos K. Aguilera , Birjodh Tiwana , Hitesh Ballani
发明人： Mahesh Balakrishnan , Marcos K. Aguilera , Birjodh Tiwana , Hitesh Ballani
IPC分类号： G06F15/173 , G06F9/50 , G06F11/20
CPC分类号： G06F9/505 , G06F11/2094
摘要： A cloud statistics server generates statistics for a cloud service based on an identified data item and an identified operation. The cloud service may include various computing nodes and storage nodes. The cloud statistics may include expected completion times for the identified operation and the identified data item with respect to each of the computing nodes. A computing node may be selected to execute the identified operation based on the expected completion times. The generated statistics may be generated by the cloud statistics server using a network topology associated with the data item that is based on the latencies or expected transfer times between the various storage nodes and computing nodes, and a replication strategy used by the cloud service. The topology may be implemented as a directed graph with edge weights corresponding to expected transfer times between each node.
摘要翻译：云统计服务器根据识别的数据项和识别的操作生成云服务的统计信息。云服务可以包括各种计算节点和存储节点。云统计可以包括针对每个计算节点的所识别的操作和所识别的数据项的预期完成时间。可以选择计算节点以基于预期的完成时间来执行所识别的操作。所生成的统计信息可以由云统计服务器使用与数据项关联的网络拓扑生成，该网络拓扑基于各种存储节点和计算节点之间的延迟或预期传送时间，以及由云服务使用的复制策略。拓扑可以被实现为具有对应于每个节点之间的预期传送时间的边权重的有向图。

19. 发明授权

US08701155B2 Communicating using a cloud infrastructure 有权
标题翻译：使用云基础设施进行通信
公开(公告)号：US08701155B2
公开(公告)日：2014-04-15
申请号：US12814493
申请日：2010-06-14
申请人： Patrick Stuedi , Mahesh Balakrishnan , Iqbal Mohomed , Venugopalan Ramasubramanian , Zhuoqing Morley Mao , Edward P. Wobber
发明人： Patrick Stuedi , Mahesh Balakrishnan , Iqbal Mohomed , Venugopalan Ramasubramanian , Zhuoqing Morley Mao , Edward P. Wobber
IPC分类号： G06F17/00
CPC分类号： H04L9/0825 , G06F17/30017 , G06F17/30165 , H04L51/12
摘要： A cloud infrastructure that communicates with computing devices is provided. The computing devices install filters on other computing devices that they wish to receive items from including pictures, messages, and documents. The filters include criteria that are evaluated on the computing devices, rather than at a server, to determine if an item may be sent to another computing device. The computing devices may then send items that match the criteria to the cloud infrastructure, and the items may be stored and queued for delivery to other computing devices. The items may be encrypted before being provided to the cloud infrastructure, and decrypted when received by the computing devices.
摘要翻译：提供与计算设备通信的云基础设施。计算设备在他们希望从包括图片，消息和文档接收项目的其他计算设备上安装过滤器。过滤器包括在计算设备上而不是在服务器上评估的标准，以确定物品是否可以发送到另一个计算设备。然后，计算设备可以将符合标准的项目发送到云基础架构，并且可以将项目存储和排队，以便传送到其他计算设备。项目可以在被提供给云基础设施之前被加密，并且在被计算设备接收时被解密。

20. 发明授权

US08407403B2 Extending SSD lifetime using hybrid storage 有权
标题翻译：使用混合存储扩展SSD寿命
公开(公告)号：US08407403B2
公开(公告)日：2013-03-26
申请号：US12631875
申请日：2009-12-07
申请人： Vijayan Prabhakaran , Mahesh Balakrishnan , Gokul Soundararajan
发明人： Vijayan Prabhakaran , Mahesh Balakrishnan , Gokul Soundararajan
IPC分类号： G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F12/0888 , G06F12/0804 , G06F12/0866 , G06F2212/1036 , G06F2212/224
摘要： A hybrid storage device uses a write cache such as a hard disk drive, for example, to cache data to a solid state drive (SSD). Data is logged sequentially to the write cache and later migrated to the SSD. The SSD is a primary storage that stores data permanently. The write cache is a persistent durable cache that may store data of disk write operations temporarily in a log structured fashion. A migration policy may be used to determine how long to cache the data in the write cache before migrating the data to the SDD. The migration policy may be implemented using one or more migration triggers that cause the contents of the write cache to be flushed to the SSD. Migration triggers may include a timeout trigger, a read threshold trigger, and a migration size trigger, for example.
摘要翻译：混合存储设备例如使用诸如硬盘驱动器的写入高速缓存来将数据高速缓存到固态驱动器（SSD）。数据将顺序记录到写入高速缓存中，并随后迁移到SSD。 SSD是永久存储数据的主存储。写缓存是持久耐用高速缓存，可以以日志结构化方式临时存储磁盘写入操作的数据。可以使用迁移策略来确定在将数据迁移到SDD之前在写缓存中缓存数据的时间。可以使用一个或多个迁移触发器来实现迁移策略，这些触发器使得写入高速缓存的内容被刷新到SSD。例如，迁移触发器可能包括超时触发器，读取阈值触发器和迁移大小触发器。

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