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11. 发明授权

US4879463A Method and apparatus for subsurface formation evaluation 失效
标题翻译：地下地层评价方法与装置
公开(公告)号：US4879463A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-07
申请号：US132494
申请日：1987-12-14
申请人： Peter D. Wraight , Edouard Marienbach , Jean-Michel Hache , Erik Rhein-Knudsen , Mike Evans
发明人： Peter D. Wraight , Edouard Marienbach , Jean-Michel Hache , Erik Rhein-Knudsen , Mike Evans
IPC分类号： E21B47/01 , G01V5/12
CPC分类号： G01V5/12 , E21B47/011
摘要： A measurement while drilling nuclear tool adapted to be coupled in the drill string to make formation evaluations and methods of using are described. A neutron source is positioned on the cylindrical axis of the tool while a connected gamma ray source is eccentered against an interior side of the cylindrical tool. Both sources can be axially removed from the tool along its interior. Novel source-detector configurations are provided in order to accommodate the constraints of the MWD environment. Gamma ray transparent windows are provided through both the drill collar and an external fluid excluder (stabilizer) at the positions of the gamma ray source and scintillator detectors. Neutron detectors may be of two different types at the same spacing from the source. Corrections are made for microphonic noise that arises while drilling and for natural gamma ray background. A drilling fluid density determination is made and is utilized to compensate for "borehole" or "standoff" effects.

12. 发明授权

US4810876A Logging apparatus and method for determining absolute elemental concentrations of subsurface formations 失效
标题翻译：用于确定地下地层绝对元素浓度的测井装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US4810876A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-07
申请号：US905371
申请日：1986-09-05
申请人： Peter D. Wraight , Russel C. Hertzog , Darwin V. Ellis , Hubert D. Scott , Jeffrey S. Schweitzer , James A. Grau
发明人： Peter D. Wraight , Russel C. Hertzog , Darwin V. Ellis , Hubert D. Scott , Jeffrey S. Schweitzer , James A. Grau
IPC分类号： G01V5/10 , G01V5/00
CPC分类号： G01V5/10
摘要： Logging apparatus and methods for detecting first signals indicative of the absolute concentrations of the first category of elements in the rock matrix, for irradiating the formation with a pulse of high energy neutrons and for detecting a second signal indicative of the relative concentrations of a second category of elements in a rock matrix. The absolute and relative concentrations of a plurality of elements are determined, and this information is used to transform at least one of the relative concentrations into an absolute concentration. One of the measured absolute concentrations is for aluminum, from which correlations are used to determine the absolute concentrations of other, non-measured elements. A tool system for measuring the absolute aluminum concentration includes a californium-252 source and a gamma ray detector having a plurality of windows from which the aluminum count rate can be compensated for interference by manganese activation. A further correction to the aluminum count rate has a functional dependence on the neutron slowing down length in the formation, the formation macroscopic cross section, the borehole microscopic cross section, the bulk density of the formation, and the borehole diameter. When used in conjunction with a density tool sensitve to the effects of photoelectric absorption of gamma rays in the formation, the techniques of the invention allow the magnesium concentration to be determined.
摘要翻译：用于检测指示岩石基质中第一类元素的绝对浓度的第一信号的测井装置和方法，用于用高能中子的脉冲照射地层，并用于检测指示第二类别的相对浓度的第二信号的岩石矩阵中的元素。确定多个元素的绝对和相对浓度，并且使用该信息将至少一个相对浓度转化为绝对浓度。测量的绝对浓度之一是铝，其中使用相关性来确定其他未测量元素的绝对浓度。用于测量绝对铝浓度的工具系统包括ium-252源和具有多个窗口的伽马射线检测器，从其可以通过锰活化来补偿铝计数率的干扰。对铝计数率的进一步校正对于地层中的中子减慢长度，地层宏观横截面，井眼微观截面，地层的堆积密度和井眼直径具有功能依赖性。当与对地层中的γ射线的光电吸收的影响敏感的密度工具结合使用时，本发明的技术允许确定镁浓度。

13. 发明授权

US5912460A Method for determining formation density and formation photo-electric factor with a multi-detector-gamma-ray tool 失效
标题翻译：用多检测器-γ射线工具确定地层密度和形成光电因子的方法
公开(公告)号：US5912460A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-15
申请号：US812801
申请日：1997-03-06
申请人： Christian Stoller , Urmi DasGupta , Olivier G. Philip , Nihal I. Wijeyesekera , Peter D. Wraight
发明人： Christian Stoller , Urmi DasGupta , Olivier G. Philip , Nihal I. Wijeyesekera , Peter D. Wraight
IPC分类号： G01V5/12 , G01V5/00
CPC分类号： G01V5/125
摘要： An advanced method for determining formation density in an array-detector density tool uses three or more detectors to yield an improved accuracy and precision of the formation density measurement even in the presence of a large standoff between the tool and the formation. A more accurate photoelectric factor is determined through a new single detector algorithm. Use of the information on the photoelectric effect and the density from the three detectors allows the measurement of a photoelectric effect compensated for stand off and the photoelectric factor of the mudcake. The use of the multi-detector density answers allows for a consistency check and therefore a much improved quality control of the density measurement.
摘要翻译：用于确定阵列检测器密度工具中的地层密度的先进方法使用三个或更多个检测器，即使在工具和地层之间存在大的间隙的情况下，也可以提高地层密度测量的精度和精度。通过新的单个检测器算法确定更准确的光电因子。使用关于光电效应的信息和来自三个检测器的密度，可以测量补偿的光电效应和泥饼的光电因数。使用多检测器密度答案允许进行一致性检查，因此可以大大提高密度测量的质量控制。

14. 发明授权

US5442173A Method and system for real-time monitoring of earth formation fracture movement 失效
$Method and system for real-time monitoring of earth formation fracture movement$
标题翻译：地层断裂运动实时监测方法与系统
公开(公告)号：US5442173A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-15
申请号：US206983
申请日：1994-03-04
申请人： Peter D. Wraight
发明人： Peter D. Wraight
IPC分类号： E21B43/26 , E21B47/10 , G01V5/12
CPC分类号： E21B43/26 , E21B47/1015 , G01V5/12
摘要： A method of monitoring formation fractures in real-time is performed in which a fluid containing a radio-active tracer element is pumped at a high pressure down a wellbore into a formation. As the fluid creates fractures and moves through the formation gamma-rays are emitted from the radio-active tracer element in the fluid. Detector means placed at predetermined locations in the wellbore continuously detect these gamma-rays. Gamma-rays emitted from wellbore fracture fluids are distinguished from formation gamma-rays and the detected formation gamma-rays are counted. As the fracture fluid approaches the height or vertical depth of these detecter means, the gamma-ray count increases. Once the gamma-ray count reaches a predetermined level, the fracture will have reached a desired location in the formation and pumping of the fracture fluid will stop.
摘要翻译：执行实时监测地层断裂的方法，其中将含有放射性活性示踪元件的流体以高压下压到井眼中进入地层。当流体产生裂缝并移动通过地层时，γ射线从流体中的放射性活性示踪元件发射。放置在井筒中预定位置的检测器装置连续地检测这些γ射线。从井眼断裂流体发射的γ射线与形成γ射线不同，并且对所检测的形成γ射线进行计数。当断裂流体接近这些检测器装置的高度或垂直深度时，γ射线计数增加。一旦伽马射线计数达到预定水平，断裂将在地层中达到所需的位置，并且断裂流体的泵送将停止。

15. 发明授权

US5349184A Method and apparatus for reducing matrix density effects on porosity measurements during epithermal neutron porosity well logging 失效
标题翻译：在超热中子孔隙度测井期间降低基质密度对孔隙度测量的影响的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5349184A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-20
申请号：US6903
申请日：1993-01-21
申请人： Peter D. Wraight
发明人： Peter D. Wraight
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/107
摘要： The porosity of the subsurface earth formation surrounding a borehole is investigated by measuring the populations of epithermal neutrons at detector locations longitudinally spaced from a neutron source. During this measuring process, a detector is located at the matrix density neutral (MDN) distance from the neutron source at which the matrix density effects of the earth formation are significantly reduced. The porosity measurements are determined from neutron counts detected at both the MDN location and other detector locations to derive formation porosity measurements which have reduced lithology and matrix density effects. Because of these reduced effects, the derived formation porosity values do not need to be substantially corrected to account for lithology and matrix density effects. In addition, the formation lithology and matrix density may be obtained from measurements taken at the MDN location and other detector locations.
摘要翻译：通过测量在与中子源纵向间隔的检测器位置处的超热中子的种群来研究钻孔周围地下地层的孔隙度。在该测量过程中，探测器位于距离中子源的基质密度中性（MDN）距离处，在该距离处，地层的基质密度效应显着降低。孔隙度测量由在MDN位置和其他检测器位置处检测到的中子计数确定，以导出具有降低的岩性和基质密度效应的地层孔隙度测量。由于这些减少的效果，导出的地层孔隙度值不需要基本上校正以考虑岩性和基质密度效应。此外，可以从在MDN位置和其他检测器位置处获得的测量获得地层岩性和基质密度。

16. 发明授权

US5017778A Methods and apparatus for evaluating formation characteristics while drilling a borehole through earth formations 失效
标题翻译：在通过地层钻孔钻孔时评估地层特征的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5017778A
公开(公告)日：1991-05-21
申请号：US403535
申请日：1989-09-06
申请人： Peter D. Wraight
发明人： Peter D. Wraight
IPC分类号： E21B47/01 , E21B47/08
CPC分类号： E21B47/082 , E21B47/01
摘要： The MWD methods and MWD apparatus disclosed herein include methods and apparatus for rotating a directionally-responsive radiation sensor having an outwardly-directed response axis in a borehole. These MWD methods and MWD apparatus further includes methods and apparatus for obtaining a series of successive measurements representative of a geometrical parameter of the borehole as well as a characteristic of the adjacent earth formations as the sensor scans circumferentially-spaced locations on the walls of a borehole interval. Methods and apparatus are provided for determining the means of the successive measurements as well as the standard deviation of the successive measurements and then combining these computations for providing output signals that are uniquely corrected in accord with variations in the traverse cross-sectional configuration of the borehole for providing indications representative of the desired formation characteristic as well as indications respresentative of the borehole configuration.

17. 发明授权

US4845359A Methods and apparatus for safely handling radioactive sources in measuring-while-drilling tools 失效
标题翻译：在钻探测量工具中安全处理放射源的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4845359A
公开(公告)日：1989-07-04
申请号：US124713
申请日：1987-11-24
申请人： Peter D. Wraight
发明人： Peter D. Wraight
IPC分类号： G21H5/00 , E21B19/00 , E21B23/00 , E21B47/01 , G01N23/221 , G01V5/04 , G01V5/08 , G21F5/02 , G21K5/00 , G21K5/02
CPC分类号： E21B23/00 , E21B19/00 , E21B47/01 , G21F5/02
摘要： A method for moving a radioactive source into and out of a well logging tool incorporated in the drill string is disclosed. Prior to moving the source, the logging tool is positioned sufficiently distant from and vertically under the drilling rig floor so as to avoid a hazardous radiation condition at the floor when the source is in its operative position in the tool. A tubular radiation shield containing the source is positioned at the end of the drill string hanging from the rotary table and a source manipulating device is engaged with the source. It is then lowered through the shield and the drill string into the tool. These steps are practiced in the reverse order when the source is being removed from the tool. An additional shield may be provided to envelop the first shield for added shielding during transportation or storage.

18. 发明授权

US4676022A Rotatable insect trap device 失效
标题翻译：可旋转昆虫捕虫器
公开(公告)号：US4676022A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-30
申请号：US842130
申请日：1986-03-20
申请人： Peter D. Wraight
发明人： Peter D. Wraight
IPC分类号： A01M3/04
CPC分类号： A01M3/022
摘要： A rotatable insect trap device for use with a disposable insect trap having an opening therein is disclosed. The device comprises a hollow holder sleeve for removably holding the disposable rectangular insect trap, an elongated rod for positioning the sleeve and a friction ball pin and socket assembly connected between the sleeve and the rod. The holder sleeve rotates upon turning the elongated rod to operably position the opening of the insect trap in a desired direction.
摘要翻译：公开了一种可旋转的昆虫捕获装置，用于与其中具有开口的一次性昆虫捕获器一起使用。该装置包括用于可移除地保持一次性矩形昆虫捕获器的中空保持器套筒，用于定位套筒的细长杆和连接在套筒和杆之间的摩擦球销和插座组件。保持套筒在转动细长杆时旋转，以将昆虫捕获器的开口可操作地定位在期望的方向上。

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