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    • 15. 发明授权
    • Scheme for information dispersal and reconstruction
    • 信息散布和重建计划
    • US5485474A
    • 1996-01-16
    • US702110
    • 1991-05-15
    • Michael O. Rabin
    • Michael O. Rabin
    • G06F11/00G06F11/08G06F11/10G11B20/18G11C29/00H03M13/00
    • H04L9/304G06F11/004G06F11/08G06F11/1008G06F11/1076G11B20/1833G11C29/88H04L2209/125H04L2209/26
    • Method and apparatus applicable to a variety of data storage, data communication, and parallel computing applications, efficiently improving information availability and load balancing. Information to be transmitted in a data signal or stored is represented as N elements of a field or computational structure, and dispersed among a set of n pieces that are to be transmitted or stored in a manner yielding no fewer than m pieces used in subsequent reconstruction.For dispersal, n vectors a.sub.i each having m elements are used and the n pieces are assembled from elements obtained as products of these vectors with m element groups taken from the N elements representing the information. For reconstruction from m available pieces, m m-element vectors .alpha..sub.i are derived from the vectors a.sub.i, and the N elements representing the information are obtained as products of these vectors with m-element groups taken from the pieces.The vector products may be implemented using an appropriate processor, including a vector processor, systolic array, or parallel processor.For fault-tolerant storage in a partitioned or distributed system, information is dispersed into n pieces so that any m suffice for reconstruction, and the pieces are stored in different parts of the medium.For fault-tolerant and congestion-free transmission of packets in a network or a parallel computer, each packet is dispersed into n pieces so that any m pieces suffice for reconstruction and the pieces are routed to the packet's destination along independent paths or at different times.
    • 适用于各种数据存储,数据通信和并行计算应用的方法和装置,有效提高信息可用性和负载平衡。 以数据信号或存储的信息发送的信息被表示为场或计算结构的N个元素,并分散在将以后续重构中使用的不少于m个片段的方式发送或存储的一组n个片段中 。 对于分散,使用具有m个元素的n个向量ai,并且n个片段从作为这些向量的乘积获得的元素组装,其中m个元素组取自表示信息的N个元素。 对于m个可用片段的重建,从向量ai导出m个元素向量αi,并且获得表示信息的N个元素作为这些向量的乘积,其中m个元素组取自该片段。 矢量产品可以使用适当的处理器来实现,包括矢量处理器,心脏收缩阵列或并行处理器。 对于分区或分布式系统中的容错存储,将信息分散成n个部分,以便任意一个m足以进行重构,并将这些部分存储在介质的不同部分。 对于在网络或并行计算机中的容错和无拥塞的传输,每个分组被分散成n个部分,使得任何m个部分足以进行重建,并且片段沿着独立的路径或不同的时间路由到分组的目的地 。
    • 18. 发明授权
    • Methods and apparatus for protecting information
    • US07131144B2
    • 2006-10-31
    • US10737077
    • 2003-12-16
    • Michael O. RabinDennis E. Shasha
    • Michael O. RabinDennis E. Shasha
    • G06F9/00
    • G06F21/10G06F2211/008G06F2221/0735G06F2221/0737G06F2221/0773G06F2221/0775G06F2221/2103G06F2221/2135G06F2221/2151
    • System, methods and apparatus are applicable to enable owners and vendors of software to protect their intellectual property and other rights in that software. The system also enables vendors or distributors of software to charge per-use for an instance of software. The system produces a unique, unforgeable, tag for every vendor supplied instance (copy) of specific software. Each user device is equipped with a supervising program that ensures, by use of the tag and other information, that no software instance will be used on the device in a manner infringing on the vendor, distributor, or software owner's rights. When installing or using a vendor-supplied software instance, the supervising program verifies the associated tag and stores the tag. When installing or using untagged software, the supervising program fingerprints selected portions of the software and stores the fingerprints. Software is used on a user's device through the supervising program which ensures proper use of the software. A vendor can submit a copy of infringing software to a guardian center which fingerprints appropriate portions of the infringing software. A user device's (104) supervising program periodically calls up, or can be called up, by the guardian center. During call-up, the supervising program can securely sends to the guardian center information about the use of the software instances associated with tags and fingerprints. The guardian center detects unauthorized use of software by comparison of current call-up data with records of past call-ups involving the same tags, and/or by comparing call-up supplied fingerprints with fingerprints of infringing software stored by the guardian center. The guardian center completes the call-up by enabling continued use of properly used software instances and generating appropriate punitive actions upon detection of improperly used software instances on the calling user's device. The data supplied by a supervising program during call-up is also employed by the guardian center to prepare data on usage by a user's device of vendor or distributor supplied software instances, for pay-per-use or pay-per-view billing.