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    • 15. 发明授权
    • Preparation of hydroxyl group-containing alkoxylation products of
organic carboxylic acids
    • 有机羧酸的含羟基烷氧基化产物的制备
    • US4645817A
    • 1987-02-24
    • US722567
    • 1985-04-11
    • Joachim ProbstMichael SonntagRoland RichterHanns P. Muller
    • Joachim ProbstMichael SonntagRoland RichterHanns P. Muller
    • C08G18/00C07B31/00C07B41/12C07C67/00C08F8/00C08G18/42C08G18/48C08G18/62C08G65/10C08G65/26C08G18/80C08F20/62C08G18/16C08G63/42
    • C08G65/2645C08F8/00C08G18/6258C08G65/105C08G65/2615C08G65/2669
    • The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of alkoxylation products of organic carboxylic acids containing alcoholic hydroxyl groups by the reaction of any organic compounds containing at least one carboxyl group with alkylene oxides in an alkoxylation reaction in the presence of catalysts, characterized in that the catalysts used are phase transfer catalysts selected from the group consisting of(a) tetraalkylammonium or tetraalkylphosphonium halides in which the sum of carbon atoms of the alkyl groups is at least 8,(b) basic alkali metal compounds converted into complexes with crown ethers and(c) complexes of (i) basic alkali metal compounds and (ii) acyclic organic compounds containing at least 5 alkylene oxide units of the formula --R--O-- (R=C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylene) in the form of one or more polyether chains having at least 3 alkylene oxide units, said compounds having a molecular weight of at least 238 and containing a total of at least 40% by weight of alkylene oxide units of the type indicated in polyether chains having at least 3 alkylene oxide units.The present invention also relates to the use of these alkoxylation products for the production of polyurethanes by reaction with organic polyisocyanates.
    • 本发明涉及一种在催化剂存在下通过烷氧基化反应中含有至少一个羧基的任何有机化合物与烯化氧的反应来制备含醇羟基的有机羧酸的烷氧基化产物的方法,其特征在于: 所使用的催化剂是选自(a)四烷基铵或四烷基鏻卤化物的相转移催化剂,其中烷基的碳原子总数至少为8,(b)碱基碱金属化合物与冠醚转化为络合物, (c)碱性碱金属化合物和(ii)含有至少5个式-RO-(R = C 1 -C 4 - 亚烷基)的氧化烯单元的一种或多种聚醚链形式的无环有机化合物的络合物 具有至少3个烯化氧单元,所述化合物的分子量至少为238,并且含有至少40重量%的环氧烷烃 具有至少3个氧化烯单元的聚醚链中所示类型的单元。 本发明还涉及这些烷氧基化产物通过与有机多异氰酸酯反应生产聚氨酯的用途。
    • 18. 发明授权
    • Method of analyzing and modifying a footprint
    • 分析和修改足迹的方法
    • US07221372B2
    • 2007-05-22
    • US11080776
    • 2005-03-14
    • Thomas HaakerRoland Richter
    • Thomas HaakerRoland Richter
    • G06T15/00
    • G06T15/04
    • In a method of analyzing and modifying a footprint depending on a specified number of texture elements touched by the footprint, in a graphics system providing the texture elements having a resolution, a dimension or a shape of the footprint is initially determined. On the basis of the specified number of texture elements and on the basis of the determined dimension or shape, the resolution of the texture elements associated with the footprint is specified. Then it is determined whether the graphics system provides texture elements having the specified resolution. If the graphics system provides texture elements having the specified resolution, the footprint is preserved. If the graphics system does not provide texture elements having the specified resolution, the texture elements which are provided by the graphics system and have a relevant resolution are selected, and those of the footprint are reduced such that the number of texture elements touched by the footprint having a reduced size is essentially equal to or smaller than the specified number.
    • 在根据指定数量的纹理元素分析和修改占用空间的方法中,在提供具有分辨率的纹理元素的图形系统中,初始确定了占用空间的尺寸或形状。 基于指定数量的纹理元素,并且基于所确定的尺寸或形状,指定与所述覆盖区相关联的纹理元素的分辨率。 然后确定图形系统是否提供具有指定分辨率的纹理元素。 如果图形系统提供具有指定分辨率的纹理元素,则保留足迹。 如果图形系统不提供具有指定分辨率的纹理元素,则选择由图形系统提供并且具有相关分辨率的纹理元素,并且缩小了足迹的那些纹理元素,使得由足迹触摸的纹理元素的数量 具有减小的尺寸基本上等于或小于指定数量。
    • 19. 发明申请
    • Method of analyzing and modifying a footprint
    • 分析和修改足迹的方法
    • US20050156940A1
    • 2005-07-21
    • US11080776
    • 2005-03-14
    • Thomas HaakerRoland Richter
    • Thomas HaakerRoland Richter
    • G06T11/40G06T15/04G09G5/00
    • G06T15/04
    • In a method of analyzing and modifying a footprint depending on a specified number of texture elements touched by the footprint, in a graphics system providing the texture elements having a resolution, a dimension or a shape of the footprint is initially determined. On the basis of the specified number of texture elements and on the basis of the determined dimension or shape, the resolution of the texture elements associated with the footprint is specified. Then it is determined whether the graphics system provides texture elements having the specified resolution. If the graphics system provides texture elements having the specified resolution, the footprint is preserved. If the graphics system does not provide texture elements having the specified resolution, the texture elements which are provided by the graphics system and have a relevant resolution are selected, and those of the footprint are reduced such that the number of texture elements touched by the footprint having a reduced size is essentially equal to or smaller than the specified number.
    • 在根据指定数量的纹理元素分析和修改占用空间的方法中,在提供具有分辨率的纹理元素的图形系统中,初始确定了占用空间的尺寸或形状。 基于指定数量的纹理元素,并且基于所确定的尺寸或形状,指定与所述覆盖区相关联的纹理元素的分辨率。 然后确定图形系统是否提供具有指定分辨率的纹理元素。 如果图形系统提供具有指定分辨率的纹理元素,则保留足迹。 如果图形系统不提供具有指定分辨率的纹理元素,则选择由图形系统提供并且具有相关分辨率的纹理元素,并且缩小了足迹的那些纹理元素,使得由足迹触摸的纹理元素的数量 具有减小的尺寸基本上等于或小于指定数量。