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    • 11. 发明授权
    • Axial interaction free-electron laser
    • 轴向相互作用的自由电子激光器
    • US5663971A
    • 1997-09-02
    • US626661
    • 1996-04-02
    • Bruce E. Carlsten
    • Bruce E. Carlsten
    • H01S3/09H01S3/00
    • H01S3/0903
    • Electron orbits from a helical axial wiggler in an axial guide field are absolutely unstable as power is extracted from the particles. For off-axis beams an axial FEL mechanism exists when the axial electric field in a TM mode is wiggled to interact with the axial velocity of the electrons that form the beam. The interaction strength is comparable to that for helical FELs and is insensitive to beam orbit errors. The orbits for this mechanism are extremely stable in the absence of space charge and lead to high extraction efficiencies without particle phasing incoherence or interception. This interaction mechanism is suitable for use with intense annular electron beams for high power generation at microwave frequencies.
    • 从轴向导向场中的螺旋轴向摆动器的电子轨道绝对不稳定,因为从颗粒中提取功率。 对于离轴光束,当TM模式的轴向电场被摆动以与形成光束的电子的轴向速度相互作用时,存在轴向FEL机制。 相互作用强度与螺旋FEL的相互作用强度相当,对光束轨道误差不敏感。 这种机制的轨道在没有空间电荷的情况下非常稳定,并导致高提取效率,而没有粒子相位不连续或截取。 这种相互作用机制适用于在微波频率下高功率发射的强环形电子束。
    • 12. 发明授权
    • Three-phase hypervelocity projectile launcher
    • 三相超高速射弹发射器
    • US5370055A
    • 1994-12-06
    • US137686
    • 1993-10-15
    • L. Erik FugelsoGerald C. LangnerKerry L. BurnsJames N. Albright
    • L. Erik FugelsoGerald C. LangnerKerry L. BurnsJames N. Albright
    • F42B1/02F42B3/08F42B12/10F42B12/16
    • F42B1/02
    • A hypervelocity projectile launcher for use in perforating borehole casings provides improved penetration into the surrounding rock structure. The launcher includes a first cylinder of explosive material that defines an axial air-filled cavity, a second cylinder of explosive material defining an axial frustum-shaped cavity abutting and axially aligned with the first cylinder. A pliant washer is located between and axially aligned with the first and second cylinders. The frustum shaped cavity is lined with a metal liner effective to form a projectile when the first and second cylinders are detonated. The washer forms a unique intermediate projectile in advance of the liner projectile and enables the liner projectile to further penetrate into and fracture the adjacent rock structure.
    • 用于穿孔钻孔套管的超高速抛射发射器提供了改进的渗透到周围岩石结构中。 发射器包括限定轴向空气填充空腔的第一爆炸材料气缸,第二爆炸材料气缸限定与第一气缸邻接并轴向对齐的轴向截头锥形空腔。 柔性垫圈位于第一和第二气缸之间并与第一和第二气缸轴向对准。 在第一和第二气缸被引爆时,截头锥形腔衬有有效地形成射弹的金属衬垫。 垫圈在衬垫抛射体之前形成了独特的中间抛射体,使得衬垫射弹能够进一步渗透并破裂相邻的岩石结构。
    • 13. 发明授权
    • Metallization of electronic insulators
    • 电子绝缘子金属化
    • US5368717A
    • 1994-11-29
    • US32959
    • 1993-03-17
    • Shimshon GottesfeldFrancisco A. Uribe
    • Shimshon GottesfeldFrancisco A. Uribe
    • C25D5/56H05K3/18
    • C25D5/56H05K3/188H05K2201/0329
    • An electroplated element is formed to include an insulating substrate, a conducting polymer polymerized in situ on the substrate, and a metal layer deposited on the conducting polymer. In one application a circuit board is formed by polymerizing pyrrole on an epoxy-fiberglass substrate in a single step process and then electrodepositing a metal over the resulting polypyrrole polymer. No chemical deposition of the metal is required prior to electroplating and the resulting layer of substrate-polymer-metal has excellent adhesion characteristics. The metal deposition is surprisingly smooth and uniform over the relatively high resistance film of polypyrrole. A continuous manufacturing process is obtained by filtering the solution between successive substrates to remove polymer formed in the solution, by maintaining the solution oxidizing potential within selected limits, and by adding a strong oxidant, such as KMnO.sub.4 at periodic intervals to maintain a low sheet resistivity in the resulting conducting polymer film.
    • 电镀元件形成为包括绝缘基板,在基板上原位聚合的导电聚合物和沉积在导电聚合物上的金属层。 在一个应用中,电路板是通过在环氧树脂 - 玻璃纤维基材上以一步法聚合吡咯然后在所得聚吡咯聚合物上电沉积金属形成的。 在电镀之前不需要金属的化学沉积,并且所得到的基底 - 聚合物 - 金属层具有优异的粘附特性。 金属沉积在聚吡咯的相对高的电阻膜上令人惊讶地平滑和均匀。 通过在连续的底物之间过滤溶液以除去在溶液中形成的聚合物,通过将溶液氧化势保持在选择的范围内,并且通过以周期性间隔加入强氧化剂如KMnO 4以保持低的薄层电阻率来获得连续的制造方法 在所得的导电聚合物膜中。