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    • 11. 发明授权
    • Flexible gas salvage containers and process for use
    • 灵活的气体回收容器和使用过程
    • US5176187A
    • 1993-01-05
    • US601838
    • 1990-10-18
    • David C. H. Grant
    • David C. H. Grant
    • F25B45/00
    • B60H1/00585F25B45/00F25B2345/002F25B2345/006
    • A process and apparatus for evacuating refrigerant for recovery from a conventional refrigeration sytems, e.g. automobile air conditions, preferably by attachment to a manifold having multiple evacuation devices, e.g. compressor, vacuum pump, transfer pump with the evacuation devices discharging through self-closing quick connect valves into at least one flexible accumulator, e.g. a bag mounted onto a manifold, and with an additional transfer pump evacuating the bag gradually to a recovery system which can be a conventional refrigerant recovery condensing unit with purification. Facilities for receiving bags filled from refrigeration systems which are remote from the system, e.g. home refrigerators, can be provided to weigh the contents into the manifold for recovery.
    • 用于从用于从常规制冷系统中回收的制冷剂排出的方法和装置,例如, 汽车空气条件,优选通过连接到具有多个排气装置的歧管,例如, 压缩机,真空泵,排气装置的输送泵通过自动关闭快速连接阀排放到至少一个柔性蓄能器中。 一个安装在歧管上的袋子,另外还有一个附加的传送泵,将袋子逐渐排空到一个回收系统,该回收系统可以是纯化的传统的制冷剂回收冷凝单元。 用于从远离系统的制冷系统接收袋子的设备,例如, 家用冰箱,可以提供称重内容物到歧管中进行恢复。
    • 12. 发明授权
    • Magnetic separation of old from new cracking catalyst by means of heavy
rare earth
    • 用新的破碎催化剂对重金属矿物进行磁性分离“磁力钩”
    • US5171424A
    • 1992-12-15
    • US601834
    • 1990-10-22
    • William P. Hettinger
    • William P. Hettinger
    • C10G11/18
    • C10G11/18
    • This invention relates to an improved catalytic process for carrying out heavy hydrocarbon conversion, usually, but not necessarily, in the presence of nickel and vanadium on the catalyst and in the feedstock, by catalytic cracking gas oils and heavy carbometallic oils to lighter molecular weight fractions. The process is facilitated by the continuous addition of one or more heavy rare earth additives, including gadolinum, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, and thulium, all having exceptionally high paramagnetic properties, which as they accumulate on aged catalyst, are used to achieve enhanced magnetic separation of aged catalyst. These additives are unusual in that they not only act dramatically as magnetic hooks to assist in removing old, nickel and vanadium poisoned catalyst, but also act to achieve increased activity and improve selectivity of the remaining catalyst, and of equal importance, tend to resist catalyst deactivation. This invention takes advantage of the unusual paramagnetic properties of unpaired sheltered f shell electrons of the heavy rare earths, as well as the enhanced catalytic properties resulting from accumulation of the heavy rare earths on circulating catalyst, and utilizes them as so-called enriching or amplifying "magnetic hooks" to separate more magnetically active, older, less catalytically active and selective, higher metals containing catalyst particulates from less magnetically active, lower metal containing particulates. More importantly, by continuous addition of one or more of these elements, continuous isolation of the more catalytically active and selective catalysts fractions are achieved, enabling them to be recycled back to the unit, thus reducing fresh catalyst addition rates and high costs associates therewith.
    • 本发明涉及一种改进的催化方法,其通过但不一定在催化剂和原料中的镍和钒存在下进行重质烃转化,通过催化裂解瓦斯油和重金属油转化成较轻的分子量级分 。 该方法通过连续添加一种或多种重稀土添加剂(包括钆,铽,镝,钬,铒和ium),其均具有特别高的顺磁特性(它们在老化的催化剂上积聚)被用于实现 增强老化催化剂的磁选分离。 这些添加剂是不寻常的,因为它们不仅作为磁性钩作用,以帮助去除老的镍和钒中毒的催化剂,而且还起作用以增加活性并提高剩余催化剂的选择性,同样重要的是倾向于抵抗催化剂 停用。 本发明利用了重稀土元素不成对保护的壳电子的异常顺磁特性,以及由重稀土在循环催化剂上的累积引起的催化性能的提高,并将其用作所谓的富集或放大 “磁性钩”用于从较低磁性活性的较低含金属颗粒中分离出更多的具有较高活性,较老的,较少催化活性和选择性较高的含有催化剂颗粒的金属。 更重要的是,通过连续添加这些元素中的一种或多种,​​实现了更加催化活性和选择性催化剂级分的连续分离,使得它们能够再循环回单元,从而降低新鲜的催化剂添加速率和与其成本高的成本。