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171. 发明授权

US4290266A Electrical power generating system 失效
标题翻译：发电系统
公开(公告)号：US4290266A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-22
申请号：US72125
申请日：1979-09-04
申请人： Terrance M. Twite , Wilmer S. Huston
发明人： Terrance M. Twite , Wilmer S. Huston
IPC分类号： F03G4/02 , F03G7/04 , F03G7/00
CPC分类号： F03G7/04 , Y02E10/10
摘要： A geothermal energy system in which a bore hole is drilled into the earth to a depth where a predetermined temperature gradient exists between the earth's surface and the bottom of said bore hole. A liquid refrigerant line passes down the bore hole and connects to an evaporator where the geothermal energy is used to vaporize the refrigerant and from there it passes back up through a high pressure gaseous refrigerant return line to a gas operated turbine located at the earth's surface. The spent refrigerant exiting from the turbine is cooled in a condensing unit and recirculated to the subterranean evaporator unit. The turbine may be used to drive a suitable electrical generator for power production purposes.
摘要翻译：一种地热能量系统，其中在地球表面和所述钻孔的底部之间钻有一个钻孔的钻孔到达预定温度梯度的深度。液体制冷剂管路通过钻孔向下通过并连接到蒸发器，在该蒸发器中使用地热能使制冷剂蒸发，并从那里通过高压气态制冷剂返回管路返回到位于地球表面的气体驱动的涡轮。从涡轮机排出的废制冷剂在冷凝单元中冷却并再循环到地下蒸发器单元。涡轮机可用于驱动合适的发电机用于发电生产。

172. 发明授权

US4283913A Utilization of saturated solar ponds 失效
标题翻译：饱和太阳能池的利用
公开(公告)号：US4283913A
公开(公告)日：1981-08-18
申请号：US968792
申请日：1978-12-12
申请人： Sidney Loeb
发明人： Sidney Loeb
IPC分类号： F03G6/02 , F03G7/00 , F03G7/06
CPC分类号： F03G7/005 , B01D61/002 , F24J2/0466 , H01M8/227 , Y02E10/44 , Y02E10/46
摘要： A saturated non-convective solar pond is employed as an unmixing device in conjunction with reverse electrodialysis or pressure-retarded osmosis for power generation.
摘要翻译：饱和的非对流太阳能池被用作与混合反渗透或压电渗透用于发电的混合装置。

173. 发明授权

US4272960A Process and system for recovery of working fluid for direct contact heat exchange 失效
标题翻译：用于直接接触热交换的工作流体回收的工艺和系统
公开(公告)号：US4272960A
公开(公告)日：1981-06-16
申请号：US875213
申请日：1978-02-06
申请人： Edward F. Wahl, III
发明人： Edward F. Wahl, III
IPC分类号： F01K21/00 , F01K25/10 , F03G4/02 , F03G7/04 , F28D19/00 , F03G7/00
CPC分类号： F03G7/04 , Y02E10/10 , Y10S203/21
摘要： In the recovery of energy from geothermal brines and other water containing or hot water sources, such brine or hot water under pressure is introduced into direct heat exchange contact with a working fluid such as isobutane, the resulting hot isobutane is expanded in a turbine to produce work, the turbine discharge is condensed and returned to the heat exchanger and the cooled brine is withdrawn from the column. The present invention is directed to recovery of working fluid dissolved and/or entrained in the spent geothermal brine or water withdrawn from the direct contact heat exchanger, including the steps of settling the brine in a settling tank to recover some of the isobutane, flashing the remaining brine to flash off additional isobutane and steam stripping the spent brine to drive off further isobutane, the recovered isobutane in each of the steps being recycled to the direct contact heat exchanger.
摘要翻译：在从地热盐水和其他含水或热水源回收能量时，将这种盐水或压力下的热水引入与诸如异丁烷的工作流体的直接热交换接触，所得热异丁烷在涡轮机中膨胀以产生涡轮排出物被冷凝并返回到热交换器，并且将冷却的盐水从塔中取出。本发明涉及回收在直接接触式热交换器中排出的废地热盐水或水中溶解和/或夹带的工作流体，包括将盐水沉淀在沉淀池中以回收一些异丁烷，闪烁剩余的盐水闪蒸另外的异丁烷，并蒸汽除去废盐水以驱除另外的异丁烷，在每个步骤中回收的异丁烷被再循环到直接接触热交换器。

174. 发明授权

US4189923A Geothermal energy recovery 失效
标题翻译：地热能回收
公开(公告)号：US4189923A
公开(公告)日：1980-02-26
申请号：US889038
申请日：1978-03-22
申请人： Clyde Berg
发明人： Clyde Berg
IPC分类号： E21B43/12 , F03G4/02 , F03G7/04 , F03G7/00
CPC分类号： F03G7/04 , E21B43/121 , Y02E10/10
摘要： There is disclosed a method for recovering energy from subterranean geothermal brines and increasing geothermal well production. The method comprises establishing a column of brine in a well casing having a tubing therein, open at its lower end to the column of brine and injecting a high pressure vapor such as nitrogen or steam into the bottom of the tubing in sufficient quantities to form a mixture of brine and vapor having a substantially lesser density than the surrounding column of brine whereby the hydrostatic head of the column of brine lifts the mixture to the surface. The mixture is withdrawn from the well and passed to a vapor-liquid separator where the vapor portion is separated without effecting any significant reduction in pressure of the produced mixture, whereby the pressure is maintained on the brine in the well at a sufficient value to prevent carbonate and scale formation. In the preferred embodiment, the separated vapor is divided into two portions, one portion goes to production and is used to produce energy or as a high temperature heat source. The other portion is repressured and injected into the well as the source of high pressure vapor used therein. The brine separated from the vapor is depressured and the evolved vapor is expanded to produce useful work in a plurality of states. In a preferred embodiment using steam, the vapor is separated by contact of the vapor with brine from a succeeding brine depressurization step, condensing that portion of the vapor intended for subsequent power generation.
摘要翻译：公开了从地下地热盐水中回收能量并增加地热井生产的方法。该方法包括在其中具有管道的井套管中建立盐水柱，其下端开放到盐水柱，并将足够数量的高压蒸气（例如氮气或蒸汽）注入管道的底部以形成盐水和蒸气的混合物具有比周围的盐水柱明显更小的密度，由此盐水塔的静水压头将混合物提升到表面。将混合物从孔中取出并通入蒸汽 - 液体分离器，其中蒸气部分被分离，而不会产生所产生的混合物的任何显着降低的压力，由此在井中的盐水上保持足够的压力以防止碳酸盐和水垢形成。在优选实施例中，将分离的蒸汽分成两部分，一部分生产并用于产生能量或作为高温热源。另一部分被压制并注入井中作为其中使用的高压蒸气源。与蒸汽分离的盐水被压下并且放出的蒸汽被膨胀以在多个状态下产生有用的工作。在使用蒸汽的优选实施方案中，通过蒸汽与盐水接触从后续的盐水减压步骤中分离出蒸汽，将该蒸汽的该部分冷凝，用于随后的发电。

175. 发明授权

US4152898A Energy transfer apparatus and method using geothermal brine 失效
标题翻译：能量转移装置和使用地热卤水的方法
公开(公告)号：US4152898A
公开(公告)日：1979-05-08
申请号：US820983
申请日：1977-08-01
申请人： Leon Awerbuch
发明人： Leon Awerbuch
IPC分类号： C02F1/04 , F03G4/06 , F03G7/04 , F03G7/00
CPC分类号： F03G7/04 , C02F1/04 , Y02E10/10 , Y10S203/21
摘要： A multi-effect system for using the heat, water and solids content of geothermal brine to produce useful work, fresh product water and inorganic salts. A flash separator receives brine from a geothermal well and provides the initial steam forming the heat source for the brine flowing through a first effect of the system. The system has a number of effects in series with each effect having means for generating steam from the brine flowing through it, and using the generated steam to provide the heat source for the next adjacent effect. Steam from each effect is also moved in heat exchange relationship to a binary fluid in a closed loop containing a gas turbine so that the binary fluid can be heated sufficiently to drive the turbine, the latter, in turn, being coupled to a work-producing apparatus, such as a generator. In one form of the invention, the steam to heat the binary fluid is the uncondensed part of the steam used as a heat source for each effect. In another form of the invention, this steam is part of the steam generated in each effect. Condensate formed in each effect from the steam received thereby is transferred to the next adjacent effect and, from the last effect, the condensate is drawn off as fresh product water. Brine blowdown removed from one or more of the effects provides the source of inorganic salts. As disclosed herein, the effects are vertical tube evaporators.
摘要翻译：使用地热盐水的热，水和固体含量生产有用的工作，新鲜产品水和无机盐的多效系统。闪蒸分离器接收来自地热井的盐水，并提供初始蒸汽，形成用于通过系统的第一效果流动的盐水的热源。该系统具有串联的多个效果，具有用于从流过其中的盐水产生蒸汽的装置，并且使用产生的蒸汽为下一个相邻效应提供热源。来自每个效应的蒸汽也与含有燃气轮机的闭环中的二元流体以热交换关系移动，使得二元流体可以被充分加热以驱动涡轮机，而涡轮机又连接到工作产生装置，如发电机。在本发明的一种形式中，用于加热二元流体的蒸汽是用作每种效果的热源的蒸汽的未冷凝部分。在本发明的另一种形式中，这种蒸汽是在每种效应中产生的蒸汽的一部分。从其中接收的蒸汽中产生的每种效果中形成的冷凝物被转移到下一个相邻的作用，并且从最后的效果来看，冷凝物作为新鲜的产品水被排出。从一种或多种效应中除去的盐水排放提供了无机盐的来源。如本文所公开的，效果是垂直管蒸发器。

176. 发明授权

US4149385A Well stimulation and systems for recovering geothermal heat 失效
公开(公告)号：US4149385A
公开(公告)日：1979-04-17
申请号：US859069
申请日：1977-12-09
申请人： Itzhak Sheinbaum
发明人： Itzhak Sheinbaum
IPC分类号： F01K3/18 , F03G4/02 , F03G7/04 , F01K25/06 , F03G7/00
CPC分类号： F01K3/18 , F03G7/04 , Y02E10/10
摘要： The flow from geothermal wells is stimulated by injecting a liquid at selected levels in the well with the liquid having a boiling point below the temperature of the geothermal fluid at the levels of injection at the operating pressure at the levels of injection. The geothermal fluid and vaporized injected fluid from the well are applied to a system for extracting the heat energy as well as for cleaning sand and other well depositions that may accumulate in the geothermal well. The system may include a direct contact heat exchanger having either a vertical chamber or a horizontal chamber. The contactor has a plurality of zones including a boiler zone, one or more separation zones, and at least one heat exchange zone. The contactor may also include a wash zone and a flash zone.In the wash zone there is advantageously included recirculation trays vertically spaced for washing the vapor to remove entrained substances, such as minerals dissolved in the fluid from the geothermal wells. The recirculation trays include a manway for ease of access and service. The vaporized fluids from the contactor are passed through a power extracting gas expansion device, with the composition of the vapor being controlled to maximize the power extractable by the gas expansion device.

177. 发明授权

US4138851A Apparatus and method of geothermal energy conversion 失效
标题翻译：地热能转换装置与方法
公开(公告)号：US4138851A
公开(公告)日：1979-02-13
申请号：US820984
申请日：1977-08-01
申请人： Alfred N. Rogers , Leon Awerbuch
发明人： Alfred N. Rogers , Leon Awerbuch
IPC分类号： F01K7/18 , F01K17/04 , F03G7/04 , F03G7/00
CPC分类号： F01K7/18 , F01K17/04 , F03G7/04 , Y02E10/10 , Y10S203/17 , Y10S203/21
摘要： A system using a number of flash chambers for converting the heat energy of geothermal brine to useful work. The system uses steam from flashed brine to vaporize a portion of distilled water or distillate in one or more heat exchangers to produce steam to drive a turbine which, in turn, operates a generator or the like to produce useful work. Before the distillate reaches the heat exchanger, it is preheated as it flows through a series of flash chambers in countercurrent relationship to the flow of geothermal brine therethrough. The brine flashes in each flash chamber and the flashed vapor mixes with the distillate flowing through the flash chamber to pre-heat the distillate. The heat energy of the unvaporized part of the distillate in the heat exchanger can form additional steam which is also supplied to the turbine. The heat content of the unflashed part of the distillate can be used in several ways to heat a working fluid in a closed loop containing a second turbine. The unflashed distillate can either be directed through a second heat exchanger which also receives a second working fluid so as to heat the latter, or the unflashed distillate can be flashed and the flashed vapor is placed in heat exchange relationship to the working fluid. Condensate formed in the latter case can be used as fresh product water. Inorganic salts from the brine can also be derived from the system.
摘要翻译：一种使用多个闪蒸室将系统的地热盐水热能转化为有用功的系统。该系统使用来自闪蒸盐水的蒸汽蒸发一个或多个热交换器中的蒸馏水或馏出物的一部分，以产生蒸汽来驱动涡轮，其又运行发电机等以产生有用的工作。在馏出物到达热交换器之前，当其与通过其中的地热盐水的流动呈逆流关系时，它被预热。卤水在每个闪光室中闪烁，闪蒸的蒸气与流过闪蒸室的馏出物混合，以预热蒸馏物。热交换器中馏出物的未蒸发部分的热能可以形成额外的蒸汽，其也被供应到涡轮机。馏出物的未燃烧部分的热含量可以以多种方式用于加热含有第二涡轮机的闭合回路中的工作流体。未燃烧的馏出物可以被引导通过第二热交换器，其也接收第二工作流体以加热后者，或者未闪蒸的馏出物可以被闪蒸并且闪蒸的蒸汽与工作流体成热交换关系。在后一种情况下形成的冷凝水可用作新鲜水产品。盐水中的无机盐也可以从系统中得到。

178. 发明授权

US4118934A Process and apparatus for transforming heat at a relatively low temperature into power or energy 失效
标题翻译：将相对较低温度下的热量转换为动力或能量的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4118934A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-10
申请号：US668671
申请日：1976-03-19
申请人： Gabriel Brola
发明人： Gabriel Brola
IPC分类号： F24F3/044 , F01K7/16 , F01K23/10 , F01K25/04 , F03G7/00 , F25B27/00 , F25B27/02 , F25B29/00 , F01K25/06
CPC分类号： F01K23/10 , F25B27/00 , F25B29/003 , F25B2400/14 , F25B2400/141 , Y02B30/52
摘要： The invention relates to a process for transforming heat having a low temperature into motive power, wherein heat which is carried by a first fluid is used for heating a condensable second fluid which participates in a thermodynamic cycle and wherein the second fluid is expanded thereby producing motive power or thermic energy having a higher potential. The apparatus for putting into practice this process comprises a superheater, in which the first fluid carrying the heat to be transformed and the second fluid circulate, an expansion device for the second fluid which produces motive power, a heat exchanger in which the expanded second fluid and a compressed second fluid circulate, a condenser for transforming the expanded second fluid into a liquid, a compressor for feeding the liquid second fluid to the superheater via the heat exchanger, and a gaseous fluid circulating through the condensor which mixes via ports and a convergent nozzle in the superheater with the first fluid. An environmental conditioning apparatus may be connected to receive a portion of the output from the expansion device or the condensor to effect a heating or cooling operation.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及将具有低温的热量转化为动力的方法，其中由第一流体携带的热量用于加热参与热力循环的可冷凝第二流体，并且其中第二流体膨胀从而产生动力功率或热能具有较高的电位。用于实施该方法的装置包括过热器，其中第一流体承载待变形的热量和第二流体循环，用于产生动力的第二流体的膨胀装置，其中膨胀的第二流体并且压缩的第二流体循环，用于将膨胀的第二流体转化为液体的冷凝器，用于经由热交换器将液体第二流体供给到过热器的压缩机，以及循环通过冷凝器的气态流体，其通过端口和收敛过热器中的喷嘴与第一流体。可以连接环境调节装置以接收来自膨胀装置或冷凝器的输出的一部分，以进行加热或冷却操作。

179. 发明授权

US4112745A High temperature geothermal energy system 失效
标题翻译：高温地热能系统
公开(公告)号：US4112745A
公开(公告)日：1978-09-12
申请号：US804458
申请日：1977-06-07
申请人： Barkman C. McCabe , Edward Zajac
发明人： Barkman C. McCabe , Edward Zajac
IPC分类号： E21B43/40 , F03G4/04 , F03G7/04 , F24J3/08 , F03G7/00
CPC分类号： F03G7/04 , E21B43/40 , F24J3/085 , Y02E10/14
摘要： Method and apparatus for controlling a well providing access to an underground source of high temperature geothermal brine against flashing as the hot brine is delivered upwardly through the well to surface power apparatus for use of heat from the brine in the generation of electrical power, thereby eliminating plugging of the well by precipitated mineral deposits as well as other problems which have heretofore caused most geothermal resources of this character to be beset with operational problems. A pump down in the well pressurizes the hot output liquid that is delivered to the surface generating equipment against flashing, the pump having a novel long tailpipe suspended therefrom which extends deep into the well. Liquid that is substantially cooler than the high temperature brine, and which may be output liquid from the power apparatus or may be provided from another cooler geothermal source, is injected into the well from the surface to form a continuously downflowing column about the outside of the pump and tailpipe assembly, and the tailpipe is sufficiently long so that the weight of the column of injected liquid applies sufficient pressure against the high temperature brine proximate the lower end of the tailpipe to prevent flashing of the brine. The cooler injection liquid is mixed with the high temperature brine proximate the tailpipe to produce hot output liquid of intermediate temperature, enabling the pump to operate at a low enough temperature, and under a low enough pressure head, to come within the capability of present pump technology and to minimize the pumping power and length of the pumping string required. The invention also includes novel concrete ditch reinjection conduit means for precipitating out minerals from highly concentrated brine that may be used for generating power, while delivering the brine to a reinjection well for return to the underground geothermal system, thereby preventing such mineral precipitation from occurring in a reinjection pipeline or in the reinjection well and eliminating pipeline and/or reinjection well clogging.

180. 发明授权

US4074526A Pressure source and systems incorporating it 失效
标题翻译：压力源和结合它的系统
公开(公告)号：US4074526A
公开(公告)日：1978-02-21
申请号：US659979
申请日：1976-02-02
申请人： William S. West
发明人： William S. West
IPC分类号： F03B17/00 , F03G3/00 , F03G7/00 , F04B9/02
CPC分类号： F03G7/00 , F03B17/00 , F03G3/00 , F04B9/02 , Y02E10/20
摘要： A pressure source for providing a stream of liquid at a substantial pressure. The pressure source includes pressurizing means such as a piston-cylinder assembly to which a force is applied to expel the contents thereof under pressure to form the stream. Weight means moving from an upper elevation to a lower elevation provides the said force. The pressure source also includes means to release, in discrete quantums of mass, the weight means for downward movement, in the preferred embodiments, without substantial impediment other than the pressurizing means. This provides sufficient force to supply a stream at a usefully high pressure, for example one which can drive a turbine wheel or a linear actuator at a useful velocity. In a preferred form, the weight means is a buoyant body, and the pressure source includes lift means to float the buoyant body to the upper elevation, and then to permit it to descend to the lower elevation. Systems which can utilize this power source include rotary shaft drives such as turbines, linear shaft drives (linear actuators), and rotary devices driven by linear drives through unidirectional transmission elements (one-way clutches). The systems may also include driven elements such as electrical generators.
摘要翻译：用于在相当大的压力下提供液体流的压力源。压力源包括诸如活塞 - 气缸组件的加压装置，在其上施加力以在压力下排出其内容物以形成流。重量意味着从上部高度移动到较低的高度提供所述力。压力源还包括在优选实施例中释放质量不连续量的用于向下运动的重量装置的装置，除了加压装置之外没有实质的阻碍。这提供足够的力以在有用的高压下供应流，例如可以以有用速度驱动涡轮机叶轮或线性致动器的力。在优选的形式中，重量装置是浮力体，并且压力源包括用于将浮力体浮动到上部高度的升降装置，然后使其下降到较低高度。可以利用该电源的系统包括诸如涡轮机，直线轴驱动器（线性致动器）的旋转轴驱动器和通过单向传动元件（单向离合器）由线性驱动器驱动的旋转装置。该系统还可以包括诸如发电机的驱动元件。

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