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141. 发明授权

US5400084A Method and apparatus for NTSC signal interference cancellation using recursive digital notch filters 失效
标题翻译：使用递归数字陷波滤波器进行NTSC信号干扰消除的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5400084A
公开(公告)日：1995-03-21
申请号：US103933
申请日：1993-08-06
申请人： Carl G. Scarpa
发明人： Carl G. Scarpa
IPC分类号： H04N5/21 , H04N5/44 , H04N11/00
CPC分类号： H04N5/21
摘要： A complex NTSC interference canceler for eliminating NTSC signal interference from in-phase and quadrature phase received television signals including both a desired HDTV signal and NTSC interference signal. The complex NTSC interference canceler uses a bank of complex recursive notch filters with adjustable center frequencies to isolate the NTSC signal's major components, i.e. the picture carrier signal, the chrominance subcarrier signal and the audio carrier signal. A single complex filter is used to isolate each NTSC interference signal component, with each particular filter's center frequency being adjusted to match the frequency of the particular NTSC interference signal component to be isolated by the filter. Each filter's gain may be either fixed or dynamically adjusted to match the amplitude of the NTSC interference signal component. Once isolated, the interference signal components are subtracted from the in-phase and quadrature phase received television signals.
摘要翻译：一种复杂的NTSC干扰消除器，用于从同相和正交相位接收的电视信号中消除NTSC信号干扰，包括所需的HDTV信号和NTSC干扰信号。复杂NTSC干扰消除器使用一组具有可调中心频率的复数递归陷波滤波器来隔离NTSC信号的主要分量，即图像载波信号，色度副载波信号和音频载波信号。单个复合滤波器用于隔离每个NTSC干扰信号分量，每个特定滤波器的中心频率被调整以匹配由滤波器隔离的特定NTSC干扰信号分量的频率。每个滤波器的增益可以是固定的或动态地调节以匹配NTSC干扰信号分量的幅度。一旦被隔离，就从相位和正交相位接收的电视信号中减去干扰信号分量。

142. 发明授权

US5381450A Technique for automatically detecting the constellation size of a quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) signal 失效
标题翻译：自动检测正交调幅（QAM）信号的星座大小的技术
公开(公告)号：US5381450A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-10
申请号：US109651
申请日：1993-08-20
申请人： Frank A. Lane
发明人： Frank A. Lane
IPC分类号： H04L27/38 , H04L27/00 , H04L27/06
CPC分类号： H04L27/0012
摘要： A technique for determining the constellation size of a QAM signal received by a QAM receiver. In general, the implementation of my technique has, as an input signal, a QAM signal having one of a plurality of constellation sizes and determines of constellation size, e.g., 4, 16, 32-ary, by analyzing the probability density function (pdf) of the QAM signal over a pre-established time period. To properly analyze the QAM signal, the signal is-first squared and then normalized to a preset value, e.g., 2.0. As such, the signal power in any of the various constellations is normalized to a fixed level. By generating a histogram of the squared and normalized QAM signal, the technique determines the number of levels of modulation contained in the QAM signal. Each constellation size has a unique number of modulation levels and thus forms unique histogram. From the histogram, a particular constellation size can be determined. Thus, by generating a histogram, the technique determines the constellation size of a QAM signal without requiring a priori carrier lock before accomplishing such a determination.
摘要翻译：一种用于确定由QAM接收机接收的QAM信号的星座大小的技术。通常，我的技术的实现具有作为输入信号的具有多个星座大小中的一个的QAM信号，并通过分析概率密度函数（pdf）来确定星座大小，例如4,16,32-ary ）在预先建立的时间段内的QAM信号。为了正确分析QAM信号，信号首先被平方化，然后被归一化为预设值，例如2.0。因此，任何各种星座中的信号功率被归一化到固定的电平。通过生成平方和归一化QAM信号的直方图，该技术确定包含在QAM信号中的调制电平的数量。每个星座大小具有唯一数量的调制级，从而形成独特的直方图。从直方图可以确定特定的星座大小。因此，通过生成直方图，该技术在完成这样的确定之前不需要先验载波锁定来确定QAM信号的星座大小。

143. 发明授权

US5355855A Integrated feed forward air/fuel ratio sensor for gaseous fuel engines 失效
标题翻译：用于气体燃料发动机的前馈空气/燃料比传感器
公开(公告)号：US5355855A
公开(公告)日：1994-10-18
申请号：US172748
申请日：1993-12-27
申请人： George Saikalis
发明人： George Saikalis
IPC分类号： F02D19/02 , F02D35/00 , F02D41/14 , F02D45/00 , F02M21/02 , F02M7/00 , F02M21/04
CPC分类号： F02D19/027 , F02D19/023 , F02M35/10386 , F02M21/0215 , Y02T10/32
摘要： An integrated air/fuel sensor is disclosed for use with a gaseous fuel internal combustion engine. The sensor includes a housing having a mass air flow sensor which provides an output signal representative of the mass of air flow through the mass air flow sensor. Similarly, a mass gas sensor is also contained in the housing which provides an output signal representative of the mass of gas flow through the mass gas flow sensor. The integrated air/fuel sensor is mounted to the air and fuel supply system for the engine upstream from the internal combustion engine. The output signal from both flow sensors are provided as input signals to a circuit which calculates the air/fuel ratio to the engine and provides an output signal representative thereof to the fuel management system for the engine.
摘要翻译：公开了一种与气体燃料内燃机一起使用的集成空气/燃料传感器。传感器包括具有质量空气流量传感器的壳体，其提供表示通过质量空气流量传感器的空气流量的输出信号。类似地，质量气体传感器也包含在壳体中，其提供表示通过质量气体流量传感器的气体流量的输出信号。集成的空气/燃料传感器安装到用于内燃机上游的发动机的空气和燃料供应系统。来自两个流量传感器的输出信号作为输入信号提供给计算发动机的空燃比的电路，并将其代表的输出信号提供给用于发动机的燃料管理系统。

144. 发明授权

US5325204A Narrowband interference cancellation through the use of digital recursive notch filters 失效
标题翻译：通过使用数字递归陷波滤波器进行窄带干扰消除
公开(公告)号：US5325204A
公开(公告)日：1994-06-28
申请号：US134357
申请日：1993-10-08
申请人： Carl G. Scarpa
发明人： Carl G. Scarpa
IPC分类号： H04N5/21 , H04N5/44 , H04N7/00 , H04N11/00
CPC分类号： H04N5/21
摘要： A digital notch filter apparatus for removing narrowband interference signals from a wideband communication signal. The apparatus includes a recursive digital passband interference acquisition filter, an acquisition mode center frequency control circuit, a recursive digital passband interference tracking filter, a tracking mode center frequency control circuit and an interference detection circuit. The tracking filter has a narrower bandwidth than the acquisition filter. Both the acquisition and tracking filters are gang tuned so that the center frequencies of their passbands are adjusted in unison. During interference acquisition mode, the acquisition mode center frequency control circuit is used is to adjust the center frequency of the filters over the bandwidth covered by the interference canceler. When the interference detection circuit detects an interference signal within the passband of the tracking filter, the tracking center frequency control circuit is used to adjust the center frequency of the acquisition and tracking filters to insure that the filters remain locked onto the narrowband interference signal. Upon detection of the interference signal, the portion of the communication signal which includes the narrowband interference signal that is passed through the narrow passband tracking filter is subtracted from the communication signal to remove the narrowband interference signal. When no interference signal is detected, the communication signal is permitted to pass to the output of the notch filter circuit without attenuation.
摘要翻译：一种用于从宽带通信信号中去除窄带干扰信号的数字陷波滤波器装置。该装置包括递归数字通带干扰获取滤波器，采集模式中心频率控制电路，递归数字通带干扰跟踪滤波器，跟踪模式中心频率控制电路和干扰检测电路。跟踪滤波器的带宽比采集滤波器窄。采集和跟踪滤波器都被组合调谐，使得它们的通带的中心频率一致地被调整。在干扰采集模式下，采集模式中心频率控制电路是用来调整滤波器的中心频率，由干扰消除器覆盖的带宽。当干扰检测电路检测到跟踪滤波器的通带内的干扰信号时，跟踪中心频率控制电路用于调整采集和跟踪滤波器的中心频率，以确保滤波器保持锁定在窄带干扰信号上。在检测到干扰信号时，从通信信号中减去包含通过窄通带跟踪滤波器的窄带干扰信号的通信信号的部分，以去除窄带干扰信号。当没有检测到干扰信号时，通信信号被允许传递到陷波滤波器电路的输出而没有衰减。

145. 发明授权

US5323107A Active probe card 失效
标题翻译：主动探针卡
公开(公告)号：US5323107A
公开(公告)日：1994-06-21
申请号：US956453
申请日：1992-10-02
申请人： Daniel B. D'Souza
发明人： Daniel B. D'Souza
IPC分类号： G01R1/073 , G01R31/3185 , G01R31/28
CPC分类号： G01R31/318533 , G01R1/07342
摘要： An active probe card having integral test circuitry directly attached to the probe card. The probe card includes a circuit board wherein the test circuitry is mounted on the circuit board. In an alternate embodiment, the probe card also includes an on-board signal selection device. The test circuitry applies test signals through probe pins to integrated circuit input pads and samples the test signal responses at integrated circuit output pads. The orientation of the test circuitry attached to the each pin, i.e., input or output, is field programmable. The test circuitry may use boundary scan testing methodology. The active probe card's test circuitry may implement the test methodology of IEEE standard 1149.1 or analog test circuitry to determine the ac and dc parametric characteristics of the integrated circuit. The active probe card may include terminals to which Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) can be attached.
摘要翻译：具有直接连接到探针卡的积分测试电路的有源探针卡。探针卡包括电路板，其中测试电路安装在电路板上。在替代实施例中，探针卡还包括车载信号选择装置。测试电路通过探针引脚将测试信号应用于集成电路输入焊盘，并在集成电路输出焊盘上采样测试信号响应。连接到每个引脚，即输入或输出的测试电路的方向是现场可编程的。测试电路可以使用边界扫描测试方法。有源探针卡的测试电路可以实现IEEE标准1149.1或模拟测试电路的测试方法，以确定集成电路的交流和直流参数特性。有源探针卡可以包括可附接自动测试设备（ATE）的端子。

146. 发明授权

US5278760A Method and system for detecting the misfire of an internal combustion engine utilizing engine torque nonuniformity 失效
标题翻译：利用发动机扭矩不均匀性检测内燃机失火的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US5278760A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-11
申请号：US759397
申请日：1991-09-13
申请人： William R. Ribbens , Yuzo Kadomukai , Giorgio Rizzoni
发明人： William R. Ribbens , Yuzo Kadomukai , Giorgio Rizzoni
IPC分类号： F02B77/08 , F02B3/06 , F02B75/02 , F02D41/14 , F02D41/22 , F02D41/34 , F02D45/00 , F02P17/12 , G01M15/04 , G01M15/11 , G06F15/50 , F02P5/14 , G06F15/48
CPC分类号： F02D41/22 , F02D41/1498 , G01M15/11 , F02B2075/025 , F02B3/06 , F02D2041/1432 , F02D2041/288 , F02D2200/1015 , F02D2400/04 , F02D41/0097
摘要： An improved method and system are provided for the detection of internal combustion engine misfires utilizing optimum signal processing. The method and system exploit a measurement of engine crankshaft angular velocity in conjunction with hybrid electronic signal processing. Once the angular velocity signal is conditioned to minimize the effects of random error and external disturbances, four alternate computationally efficient methods may be used to extract information pertaining to individual cylinder torque productions. Two of the methods employ extremal samples of the estimated torque or velocity waveform to obtain a random torque nonuniformity index or metric. The other two methods utilize a transformation into the frequency domain after the input data is first sampled and windowed to substantially lower probability of error. All of the methods provide an M-dimensional torque non-uniformity vector of individual cylinder performance for each individual engine cycle. A reference level for the nonuniformity index is derived for any given cylinder in any given cycle. This yields misfire detection at a relatively early time and is particularly suitable for transient engine operation.
摘要翻译：提供了一种改进的方法和系统，用于利用最佳信号处理来检测内燃机失火。该方法和系统结合混合电子信号处理开发了发动机曲轴角速度的测量。一旦角速度信号被调节以最小化随机误差和外部干扰的影响，则可以使用四种备选的计算有效的方法来提取关于单个气缸扭矩产生的信息。两种方法采用估计扭矩或速度波形的极值样本，以获得随机转矩不均匀性指标或度量。另外两种方法在输入数据首次采样和窗口化以显着降低误差概率之后利用到频域的变换。所有这些方法为每个单独的发动机循环提供了各个气缸性能的M维转矩非均匀性矢量。任何给定循环中任何给定气缸的非均匀性指数的参考水平。这在相对较早的时间产生失火检测，并且特别适用于瞬时发动机操作。

147. 发明授权

US5234569A Air/fuel ratio sensor for an internal combustion engine 失效
标题翻译：用于内燃机的空气/燃料比传感器
公开(公告)号：US5234569A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-10
申请号：US867380
申请日：1992-04-13
申请人： Frank W. Hunt
发明人： Frank W. Hunt
IPC分类号： G01N27/417
CPC分类号： G01N27/417
摘要： A sensor is disclosed for detecting the relative air/fuel ratio of the exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine. The sensor includes a housing which defines a closed interior chamber. An oxygen diffusion cell constructed of a solid electrolytic material has one side exposed to the exhaust gas and a second side exposed to the housing chamber so that oxygen ions flow through the diffusion cell in dependence upon the relative oxygen concentration in both the exhaust gas and the internal air chamber. A sense cell constructed of a solid electrolytic material also has one side exposed to the air chamber and a second side exposed to a substantially constant source of oxygen, such as the atmosphere. Thus, oxygen ion flow through the sense cell varies as a function of the oxygen concentration in the air chamber and thus of the oxygen concentration in the engine exhaust gas. An electronic circuit is electrically connected to the sense cell and generates an output signal representative of both the magnitude and direction of the oxygen ion flow through the sense cell. This electrical output signal is then utilized as an input signal for the fuel system of the engine.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于检测来自内燃机的废气的相对空气/燃料比的传感器。传感器包括限定封闭的内部腔室的壳体。由固体电解质材料构成的氧扩散单元具有暴露于废气的一侧和暴露于容纳室的第二侧，使得氧离子依赖于废气和废气中的相对氧浓度而流过扩散池内部空气室。由固体电解质材料构成的感应单元还具有暴露于空气室的一侧和暴露于基本恒定的氧气源（例如大气）的第二侧。因此，通过感应单元的氧离子流量作为空气室中的氧浓度以及因此发动机废气中的氧浓度的函数而变化。电子电路电连接到感测单元并且产生表示通过感测单元的氧离子流的大小和方向的输出信号。该电输出信号然后用作发动机的燃料系统的输入信号。

148. 发明授权

US5215059A Method and system for reducing engine knock in an internal combustion engine 失效
标题翻译：减少内燃机发动机爆震的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US5215059A
公开(公告)日：1993-06-01
申请号：US863088
申请日：1992-04-03
申请人： Masayoshi Kaneyasu
发明人： Masayoshi Kaneyasu
IPC分类号： F02D41/14 , F02P5/04 , F02P5/152
CPC分类号： F02P5/152 , F02D41/1497 , F02P5/045 , F02D2041/288 , Y02T10/46
摘要： A system for reducing knock in an internal combustion engine is disclosed and includes a vibration detector which detects engine vibration and generates an output signal representative of the magnitude of the engine vibration over a predetermined frequency spectrum. The vibration output signal multiplied by a first weight factor is integrated over a lower portion of the frequency spectrum to obtain a first value while the vibration signal multiplied by a second weight factor is integrated over a higher portion of the frequency spectrum to obtain a second value. The first value is compared with a first threshold value and, when the first value exceeds the first threshold, the system generates a fuel control output signal to increase the fuel supplied to the engine to reduce engine knock. Similarly, the second value is compared to a second threshold value and when the second value exceeds the second threshold value, the system generates a spark ignition control output signal to retard the engine spark ignition thereby reducing engine knock.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于减少内燃机爆震的系统，包括：振动检测器，其检测发动机的振动并产生表示在预定频谱上的发动机振动幅度的输出信号。乘以第一加权因子的振动输出信号在频谱的下部积分，以获得第一值，同时乘以第二加权因子的振动信号在频谱的较高部分上积分以获得第二值。将第一值与第一阈值进行比较，并且当第一值超过第一阈值时，系统产生燃料控制输出信号以增加供应给发动机的燃料以减少发动机爆震。类似地，将第二值与第二阈值进行比较，并且当第二值超过第二阈值时，系统产生火花点火控制输出信号以阻止发动机火花点火，从而减少发动机爆震。

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