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91. 发明授权

US5808298A Method for determining formation hydrocarbon saturation and wellbore hydrocarbon holdup from multidetector carbon-oxygen measurements 失效
标题翻译：用于确定来自多检测器碳 - 氧测量的形成烃饱和度和井筒烃滞留的方法
公开(公告)号：US5808298A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-15
申请号：US798256
申请日：1997-02-11
申请人： Medhat W. Mickael
发明人： Medhat W. Mickael
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/104
摘要： A method for determining oil saturation in an earth formation penetrated by a wellbore. Measurements of relative amounts of carbon and oxygen are made by spectral analysis of neutron-induced inelastic gamma rays detected from the earth formation at spaced apart locations. The method includes calculating an apparent oil holdup in the wellbore at each of the spaced apart locations from the relative amounts of carbon and oxygen. A corrected oil holdup is calculated in the wellbore from differences between the apparent holdups determined at each of the spaced apart locations. An apparent oil saturation in the formation is determined at each of the spaced apart locations from the relative amounts of carbon and oxygen and the corrected oil holdup. A corrected formation oil saturation is determined from differences between the apparent oil saturations at each of the spaced apart locations. In a preferred embodiment, the apparent oil holdups and apparent oil saturations are determined by comparing the measured carbon and oxygen amounts with empirical relationships of the relative amounts of carbon and oxygen with respect to known values of oil holdup and oil saturation for various mineral compositions and porosity values of the earth formation.
摘要翻译：用于确定井眼渗透的地层中的油饱和度的方法。碳和氧的相对量的测量是通过在间隔开的位置处从地层中检测到的中子诱导的非弹性γ射线的光谱分析来进行的。该方法包括计算在每个间隔开的位置处的井眼中与碳和氧的相对量的表观油滞留量。通过在每个间隔开的位置处确定的明显保持之间的差异在井眼中计算校正的油滞留量。在与碳和氧的相对量和校正的油滞留量相对的间隔位置的每个处确定地层中的表观油饱和度。校正的地层油饱和度由每个间隔开的位置处的表观油饱和度之间的差异确定。在优选的实施方案中，通过将测量的碳和氧量与碳和氧的相对量的经验关系相对于各种矿物组合物的油滞留和油饱和度的已知值进行比较来确定表观油含量和表观油饱和度，地层孔隙度值。

92. 发明授权

US5793702A Method for measuring the water bottom reflectivity 失效
标题翻译：测量水底反射率的方法
公开(公告)号：US5793702A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-11
申请号：US777229
申请日：1996-12-31
申请人： Josef Paffenholz
发明人： Josef Paffenholz
IPC分类号： G01V1/28 , G01V1/38
CPC分类号： G01V1/38 , G01V1/28 , G01V2210/56
摘要： The two-way water-layer travel time, .tau., is derived from duel-mode seismic sensor data by cross-correlating the Fourier transforms of the sum and difference of the velocity and pressure signatures. The Z-transform of .tau. evaluates one of the two Backus variables, Z.sub.w. The second variable is R.sub.b, the water bottom reflectivity coefficient. The frequency-domain transforms of the above summed and differenced signatures are each multiplied by the Backus operator (1+R.sub.b Z.sub.w).sup.2 after initializing R.sub.b and the products are iteratively cross-correlated until the correlation function converges to a minimum. R.sub.b is perturbed after each iteration. The value of R.sub.b upon convergence is the local water bottom reflectivity coefficient.
摘要翻译：双向水层行进时间τ是通过对速度和压力特征的和和差的傅里叶变换进行互相关的方式从决斗模式地震传感器数据中得出的。 tau的Z变换评估两个Backus变量Zw之一。第二个变量是Rb，水底反射系数。在初始化Rb之后，上述求和和差分签名的频域变换各自乘以Backus算子（1 + RbZw）2，并且乘积迭代交叉相关，直到相关函数收敛到最小值。每次迭代后，Rb都会受到干扰。收敛时Rb的值是局部水底反射系数。

93. 发明授权

US5770798A Variable diameter probe for detecting formation damage 失效
标题翻译：用于检测地层损伤的可变直径探头
公开(公告)号：US5770798A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-23
申请号：US599337
申请日：1996-02-09
申请人： Daniel T. Georgi , John M. Michaels , Michael J. Moody
发明人： Daniel T. Georgi , John M. Michaels , Michael J. Moody
IPC分类号： E21B49/00 , E21B49/10
CPC分类号： E21B49/008 , E21B49/10
摘要： An apparatus and method for evaluating formation damage proximate to the surface of a rock. The invention is applicable to surface tests and to tests downhole in a borehole. A first hollow probe sealingly contacts the rock surface to define a first surface area, and the pressure within the hollow probe is decreased to monitor resulting pressure changes. A second hollow probe contacts the rock surface to define a second surface area having a different size than the first surface area, and the pressure within the hollow second probe is decreased to monitor resulting pressure changes. Differences in the observed pressure changes can be analyzed to evaluate formation damage to the rock surface and near surface. In particular, the thickness of formation damage, and permeability losses caused by such damage, can be assessed. Alternatively, fluid pressure can be injected into the first and second volumes to evaluate the subsequent pressure reduction.
摘要翻译：一种用于评估靠近岩石表面的地层损伤的装置和方法。本发明适用于井眼测试和井下测试。第一中空探针密封地接触岩石表面以限定第一表面区域，并且减小中空探针内的压力以监测所产生的压力变化。第二中空探针接触岩石表面以限定具有与第一表面区域不同的尺寸的第二表面区域，并且降低中空第二探针内的压力以监测所产生的压力变化。可以分析观察到的压力变化的差异，以评估对岩石表面和近地表的地层损伤。特别是，可以评估地层损伤的厚度和由这种损伤引起的渗透性损失。或者，可以将流体压力注入第一和第二体积以评估随后的压力降低。

94. 发明授权

US5740342A Method for generating a three-dimensional, locally-unstructured hybrid grid for sloping faults 失效
标题翻译：用于产生倾斜断层的三维，局部非结构化混合网格的方法
公开(公告)号：US5740342A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-14
申请号：US417643
申请日：1995-04-05
申请人： Sait Kocberber
发明人： Sait Kocberber
IPC分类号： G06T17/05 , G06T17/50
CPC分类号： G06T17/05
摘要： A method of generating an automatic, three-dimensional, locally-unstructured, hybrid grid for geological formations with a sloping fault. The grid generation system replaces the portion of an existing finite-difference grid around the sloping fault with a finite-element grid made of triangular prisms and tetrahedrons. The process comprises decomposing the part of the reservoir around the sloping fault into topologically and geometrically simple volume, face and line components, generating a wire-frame construction of the domain by discretization of the line components, calculating the exact crossings of horizons with the fault, generating a finite-element grid for the face components using an automatic triangulation process, generating a finite-element grid for the volume elements using an automatic tetrahedronization process and assembling the finite-element grid for all volume elements and the finite-difference grid to create a locally-unstructured hybrid grid with enhanced detail around the sloping fault.
摘要翻译：一种产生具有倾斜断层的地质构造的自动，三维，局部非结构化混合网格的方法。网格生成系统使用由三角棱镜和四面体构成的有限元网格来代替倾斜断层周围的现有有限差分网格的一部分。该过程包括将倾斜断层周围的部分储层分解成拓扑和几何简单的体积，面和线分量，通过线路分量的离散化生成域的线框架结构，计算出与断层相位的准确交叉点，使用自动三角测量过程为面部分量生成有限元网格，使用自动四面体化过程为体积元素生成有限元网格，并将所有体积元素和有限差分网格的有限元网格组合创建一个本地非结构化的混合网格，具有围绕倾斜故障的增强细节。

95. 发明授权

US5740125A Cross-well connectivity mapping including separation of compressional and shear wave energy 失效
公开(公告)号：US5740125A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-14
申请号：US705780
申请日：1996-08-30
申请人： Yu Taik Chon , Walter R. Turpening , Tawassul A. Khan
发明人： Yu Taik Chon , Walter R. Turpening , Tawassul A. Khan
IPC分类号： G01V1/42 , G01V1/40
CPC分类号： G01V1/42
摘要： A method of determining the continuity of earth formations between wellbores by analyzing seismic energy imparted to the formations. The energy is imparted to the formations at a plurality of depths in one wellbore and is received at a plurality of depths in another wellbore. Compressional and shear components of the seismic energy received in the other wellbore are separated. A frequency spectrum is determined for the compressional component and the shear component of the seismic energy at each selected depth. Common imparted depth stacks of the compressional components and shear components are assembled at the depths at which the seismic energy is imparted. Common received depth stacks of the compressional components and the shear components are assembled at the selected depths at which the energy is received. The assembled common imparted depth stacks of the compressional components and the shear components are plotted and the assembled common received depth stacks of the compressional components and shear components are plotted. Formations having related frequency spectra of the compressional components and formations having related frequency spectra of the shear components may be detected.

96. 发明授权

US5737277A Method for computing borehole geometry from ultrasonic pulse echo data 失效
标题翻译：从超声脉冲回波数据计算钻孔几何的方法
公开(公告)号：US5737277A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-07
申请号：US735982
申请日：1996-10-25
申请人： John F. Priest
发明人： John F. Priest
IPC分类号： G01V1/50 , G01V11/00 , G01V1/40
CPC分类号： G01V1/50 , G01V11/005
摘要： A method for using geometrical data to determine characteristics of a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation is disclosed. The method involves converting data obtained from acoustic well logging into cartesian coordinates and solving a general quadratic equation by a least squares fit to an elliptical or circular model. More specific information, such as tensor strain and formation compaction along the wellbore may then be obtained from the geometrical data.
摘要翻译：公开了一种使用几何数据来确定穿透地下地层的井眼特征的方法。该方法涉及将从声学测井获得的数据转换为笛卡尔坐标，并通过对椭圆或圆形模型的最小二乘拟合求解一般二次方程。然后可以从几何数据中获得更具体的信息，例如沿着井眼的张量应变和地层压实。

97. 发明授权

US5729506A 3-D multiple attenuation 失效
标题翻译： 3-D多重衰减
公开(公告)号：US5729506A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-17
申请号：US751640
申请日：1996-11-18
申请人： William Henry Dragoset, Jr. , Louis Joseph Ward
发明人： William Henry Dragoset, Jr. , Louis Joseph Ward
IPC分类号： G01V1/36 , G01V1/38
CPC分类号： G01V1/364 , G01V2210/56
摘要： A computationally economical method for applying multi-dimensional multiple-reflection attenuation to a marine seismic-signal data set comprised of a plurality of common shot gathers that have surface-multiple wavefields embedded therein. The multi-dimensional data are assumed to have been gathered from a plurality of parallel 2-D lines of survey. From every nth reference line, where n is a small number greater than 2, a common shot gather is selected. For every so-selected common shot gather, a reference surface-multiple wavefield is predicted as a function of offset and travel time with the aid of any well-known multiple attenuation routine, using a wavelet having fixed attributes in terms of amplitude, phase and frequency. A common shot gather is chosen from among the plurality of common shot gathers. The predicted surface-multiple wavefield nearest to the chosen common shot gather is adaptively filtered to match the predicted surface-multiple wavefield to the surface-multiple wavefield embedded in the chosen common shot gather. The matched predicted surface multiple wavefield is subtracted from the embedded surface multiple wavefield to provide a multiple-free common shot gather.
摘要翻译：一种用于将多维多重反射衰减应用于包含嵌入其中的表面多波场的多个共同射击集合的海洋地震信号数据集的计算经济方法。假设多维数据已经从多个平行的2-D线调查中收集。从第n个参考线，其中n是大于2的小数，选择一个共同的拍摄集合。对于每个所选择的共同拍摄集合，借助于任何公知的多重衰减程序，使用在幅度，相位和相位上具有固定属性的小波，将参考表面多波场作为偏移和行进时间的函数预测频率。从多个共同的拍摄集合中选择共同的拍摄集合。预测的表面多波场最接近所选择的共同点集合被自适应滤波，以将预测的表面多波场与嵌入所选共同射击集合中的表面多波场相匹配。从嵌入式表面多波场中减去匹配的预测表面多波场，以提供多次共同的射击聚集。

98. 发明授权

US5666993A Pressure isolated pilot check valve 失效
标题翻译：隔离式先导式止回阀
公开(公告)号：US5666993A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-16
申请号：US433726
申请日：1995-05-03
申请人： Jacques Maissa , Lowell R. Milligan
发明人： Jacques Maissa , Lowell R. Milligan
IPC分类号： F16K17/06 , F16K17/04
CPC分类号： F16K17/065 , Y10T137/7781 , Y10T137/7782
摘要： An improved check valve for selectively controlling the flow of fluid through a valve seat. A spring biases a plunger against the valve seat when the fluid is stationary. Movement of the fluid pushes the valve plunger against the spring to open the aperture of the valve seat. An actuator selectively exerts a force against the plunger to close the plunger against the valve seat. In one embodiment of the invention, the actuator directs a pressurized fluid against a second end of the plunger, and a seal prevents leakage of such fluid toward the plunger first end in contact with the valve seat. A cavity between the seal and the plunger first end can be vented to the atmosphere to maintain the pressure differential created by the pressurized fluid against the plunger second end.
摘要翻译：一种用于选择性地控制通过阀座的流体流动的改进的止回阀。当流体静止时，弹簧将柱塞偏压到阀座上。流体的移动将阀柱塞推靠在弹簧上以打开阀座的孔。致动器选择性地向柱塞施加力以将柱塞紧靠阀座。在本发明的一个实施例中，致动器将加压流体引导到柱塞的第二端，并且密封件防止这种流体朝着与阀座接触的柱塞第一端的泄漏。密封件和柱塞第一端之间的空腔可以排放到大气中，以保持加压流体相对于柱塞第二端产生的压力差。

99. 发明授权

US5617927A Sidewall rotary coring tool 失效
标题翻译：侧壁旋转取芯工具
公开(公告)号：US5617927A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-08
申请号：US543514
申请日：1995-10-16
申请人： Jacques Maissa
发明人： Jacques Maissa
IPC分类号： E21B49/06
CPC分类号： E21B49/06
摘要： A sidewall coring tool for wireline use in an earth bore hole is provided which includes an elongated tool body adapted for suspension within the bore hole by the wireline cable at a selected depth, low speed high torque rotary coring bit apparatus mounted within the elongated tool body and cooperating therewith for advancing and retracting a rotary coring bit transversely therefrom for drilling and recovering a large core sample from the sidewall of the bore hole, and decentralizing arm apparatus mounted in the tool body on the side opposite the side of the body from which the rotary coring bit is advanced, the decentralizing arm apparatus spaced above and below the location of the rotary coring apparatus for deploying decentralizing arms from the tool body into contact with the bore hole walls and forcing the side of the tool body from which the rotary coring bit will be advanced into contact with the bore hole wall and for maintaining the tool body in rigid contact during the coring operation. In addition, the sidewall rotary coring tool further includes an electrical control circuit disposed on the earth's surface for permitting control of preselected functions of the rotary coring apparatus, and monitoring apparatus and circuitry disposed in the tool body and cooperating with the rotary coring bit apparatus for permitting continuous surface visual indication of the travel of the coring bit with respect to the tool body during the coring operation.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于在地球钻孔中进行电缆使用的侧壁取芯工具，该侧壁取芯工具包括一个细长的工具主体，该工具主体适于通过选定深度处的有线电缆悬挂在钻孔内，低速高扭矩旋转取芯钻头装置安装在细长工具本体内并与其配合，用于使旋转取芯钻头横向前进和后退，从而从钻孔的侧壁钻出和回收大型芯样品，以及安装在工具主体中的与主体侧相反的一侧的分散臂装置，旋转取芯钻头前进，分散臂装置在旋转取芯装置的位置上方和下方间隔开，用于将分散臂从工具主体展开以与钻孔壁接触并迫使工具主体的侧面旋转取芯钻头将前进与钻孔壁接触并且用于在取芯期间保持工具体刚性接触操作。此外，侧壁旋转取芯工具还包括设置在地球表面上的电气控制电路，用于控制旋转取芯装置的预选功能，以及设置在工具主体中并与旋转取芯钻头装置配合的监视装置和电路，允许在取芯操作期间使取芯钻头相对于工具主体的行进的连续表面视觉指示。

100. 发明授权

US5617372A Unaliased spatial trace interpolation in the f-k domain 失效
标题翻译： f-k域中的无空间轨迹插值
公开(公告)号：US5617372A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-01
申请号：US696466
申请日：1996-08-14
申请人： Necati Gulunay , Ronald E. Chambers
发明人： Necati Gulunay , Ronald E. Chambers
IPC分类号： G01V1/28
CPC分类号： G01V1/28 , G01V2210/57
摘要： Sparsely spatially-sampled seismic time-scale trace gathers may be aliased for certain spatial and temporal frequencies. Aliasing may be avoided by application of a spatial interpolation scheme that uses the phase difference between the f-k phase spectra of the odd and the even traces to generate an interpolation operator in the f-k domain. The operator is multiplied point-by-point with the f-k transform of the original recorded trace gather. The resulting complex product is inverse transformed to the t-x domain whereupon the interpolated traces are interleaved between the original recorded traces to unwrap the aliased events.
摘要翻译：稀疏空间采样的地震时间尺度轨迹聚集可以针对某些空间和时间频率进行混叠。可以通过应用使用奇数和偶数轨迹的f-k相位频谱之间的相位差的空间内插方案来避免混叠，以在f-k域中产生内插算子。操作员与原始记录的轨迹聚集的f-k变换逐点相乘。所得到的复杂乘积被逆变换为t-x域，因此内插轨迹在原始记录迹线之间交错以展开混叠事件。

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