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    • 96. 发明授权
    • Biological fuel cell and methods
    • 生物燃料电池和方法
    • US07238442B2
    • 2007-07-03
    • US11277696
    • 2006-03-28
    • Adam Heller
    • Adam Heller
    • H01M8/16
    • H01M8/16H01M4/9008H01M2250/30Y02B90/18Y02E60/527
    • A fuel cell has an anode and a cathode with anode enzyme disposed on the anode and cathode enzyme is disposed on the cathode. The anode is configured and arranged to electrooxidize an anode reductant in the presence of the anode enzyme. Likewise, the cathode is configured and arranged to electroreduce a cathode oxidant in the presence of the cathode enzyme. In addition, anode redox hydrogel may be disposed on the anode to transduce a current between the anode and the anode enzyme and cathode redox hydrogel may be disposed on the cathode to transduce a current between the cathode and the cathode enzyme.
    • 燃料电池具有阳极和阴极,阳极酶设置在阳极上,阴极酶设置在阴极上。 阳极配置和布置成在阳极酶存在下使阳极还原剂电氧化。 同样,阴极被配置和布置成在阴极酶的存在下电解还原阴极氧化剂。 此外,阳极氧化还原水凝胶可以设置在阳极上以在阳极和阳极酶之间转换电流,并且阴极氧化还原水凝胶可以设置在阴极上以转换阴极和阴极酶之间的电流。
    • 100. 发明授权
    • Method of the electrochemical detection of nucleic acid oligomer hybrids
    • 核酸低聚物杂交体电化学检测方法
    • US07056664B1
    • 2006-06-06
    • US09856543
    • 1999-11-19
    • Gerhard HartwichAdam Heller
    • Gerhard HartwichAdam Heller
    • C12Q1/68C07H21/00
    • C07H21/00C12Q1/6825
    • The invention relates to a method for the electrochemical detection of sequence-specific nucleic acid oligomer hybridization events. To this end single DNA/RNA/PNA oligomer strands which at one end are covalently joined to a support surface and at the other, free end, covalently linked to a redox pair, are used as hybridization matrix (probe). As a result of treatment with the oligonucleotide solution (target) to be examined, the electric communication between the conductive support surface and the redox pair bridged by the single-strand oligonucleotide, which communication initially is either absent or very weak, is modified. In case of hybridization, the electric communication between the support surface and the redox pair, which is now bridged by a hybridized double-strand oligonucleotide, is increased. This permits the detection of a hybridization event by electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltametry, amperometry or conductivity measurement.
    • 本发明涉及序列特异性核酸寡聚体杂交事件的电化学检测方法。 为此,将单一的DNA / RNA / PNA低聚物链用作杂交基质(探针),其一端共价连接到载体表面,另一端与氧化还原对共价连接。 作为待检测的寡核苷酸溶液(靶)的结果,导电性支持体表面与由单链寡核苷酸桥连的氧化还原对之间的电连通性最初不存在或非常弱。 在杂交的情况下,载体表面和目前被杂交的双链寡核苷酸桥接的氧化还原对之间的电连通性增加。 这允许通过电化学方法如循环伏安法,电流分析法或电导率测量来检测杂交事件。