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    • 97. 发明授权
    • Production of gasoline from fermentable feedstocks
    • 从可发酵原料生产汽油
    • US08241881B2
    • 2012-08-14
    • US12224024
    • 2007-02-14
    • David Bradin
    • David Bradin
    • C12P5/02C12P1/04C12P1/02C12N1/20
    • C12P5/02C10G3/00C10G2300/1014C10G2400/02C10L1/06C12P7/52C25B3/10Y02E50/13Y02P30/20
    • Compositions and methods for forming hexane, and, optionally, gasoline and/or components of a gasoline composition, from fermentable sugars are disclosed. The sugars are fermented using a bacteria or yeast that predominantly forms butyric acid. The butyric acid is subjected to Kolbe or photo-Kolbe electrolysis to form hexane. The hexane can be subjected to catalytic, reforming and/or isomerization steps to form higher octane products, which are or can be included in gasoline compositions. In one aspect, the fermentable sugars are derived from lignocellulosic materials such as wood products, switchgrass, or agricultural wastes. These materials are delignified to form lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The cellulose and hemicellulose are depolymerized to form glycose and xylose, either or both of which can be fermented by the bacteria. The lignin can be used to generate heat energy and/or electric energy for use in one or more process steps, such as the fermentation, product isolation, Kolbe electrolysis, catalytic reforming and/or isomerization steps. Alternatively, the lignin can be converted to synthesis gas, which can then be subjected to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, or converted to methanol and/or ethanol. Thus, the methods described herein can convert biomass to a fuel composition or fuel additive, which can be used in a conventional gasoline engine, unlike traditional fuels such as ethanol or biodiesel.
    • 公开了用于从可发酵糖形成己烷和任选的汽油和/或汽油组合物的组分的组合物和方法。 使用主要形成丁酸的细菌或酵母发酵糖。 将丁酸进行Kolbe或光 - Kolbe电解以形成己烷。 己烷可以进行催化,重整和/或异构化步骤以形成更高辛烷值的产物,它们是或可以包含在汽油组合物中。 一方面,可发酵糖衍生自木质纤维素材料,例如木制品,柳枝稷或农业废物。 这些材料脱木质素形成木质素,纤维素和半纤维素。 纤维素和半纤维素被解聚以形成糖和木糖,其中一种或两种都可以被细菌发酵。 木质素可以用于产生用于一个或多个工艺步骤的热能和/或电能,例如发酵,产物分离,Kolbe电解,催化重整和/或异构化步骤。 或者,木质素可以转化为合成气,然后可以进行费 - 托合成,或转化成甲醇和/或乙醇。 因此,本文所述的方法可将生物质转化成可用于常规汽油发动机中的燃料组合物或燃料添加剂,其不同于传统燃料如乙醇或生物柴油。
    • 100. 发明授权
    • Support separators for high performance communications cable with optional hollow tubes for; blown optical fiber, coaxial, and/or twisted pair conductors
    • 支持分离器用于高性能通信电缆,带可选择的中空管; 吹制的光纤,同轴和/或双绞线导体
    • US07432447B2
    • 2008-10-07
    • US11713997
    • 2007-03-05
    • Charles A. Glew
    • Charles A. Glew
    • H01B7/00
    • H01B11/04G02B6/4459G02B6/4489H01B11/22
    • A high performance communications cable with core support-separators having various shaped profiles defining and maintaining a space between transmission multi-media or transmission multi-media pairs. The core may be of a conductive or insulative material. The central core region includes a hollow opening or duct for blown fiber (ABF). The core support-separator can be interior to the cable jacket or without the benefit of a jacket. A thin layer of material can act as a type of skin for future mechanical protection. The specially shaped core support-separator has a central region that is either solid, partially solid, foamed, with a solid skin over the foam or hollow itself. The cable may include a plurality of shaped sections that extend outward from the central region along the length of the central region. Each of the defined clearance channels allow for disposal therein of conductors and optical fibers.
    • 具有核心支持分离器的高性能通信电缆,其具有定义和维持传输多媒体或传输多媒体对之间的空间的各种形状轮廓。 芯可以是导电或绝缘材料。 中心芯区域包括用于吹制纤维(ABF)的中空开口或管道。 芯支撑分离器可以是电缆护套的内部或不受护套的益处。 一层薄薄的材料可以作为一种皮肤,用于未来的机械保护。 特殊形状的芯支撑分离器具有固体,部分固体,发泡的中心区域,在泡沫或中空本身上具有固体皮肤。 电缆可以包括沿着中心区域的长度从中心区域向外延伸的多个成形部分。 每个限定的间隙通道允许在其中处理导体和光纤。