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1. 发明授权

US06952774B1 Audio watermarking with dual watermarks 失效
公开(公告)号：US06952774B1
公开(公告)日：2005-10-04
申请号：US09316899
申请日：1999-05-22
申请人： Darko Kirovski , Henrique Malvar , Mariusz H. Jakubowski
发明人： Darko Kirovski , Henrique Malvar , Mariusz H. Jakubowski
IPC分类号： G11B20/00 , H04H20/31 , H04N5/913 , H04L9/00 , G06K9/00
CPC分类号： H04H20/31 , G11B20/00086 , G11B20/00891 , G11B2020/1062 , H04N2005/91335
摘要： A watermark encoding system encodes an audio signal with both a strong and a weak watermark. The strong watermark identifies the content producer and is designed to survive all typical kinds of processing and malicious attacks. The weak watermark identifies the content as an original and is designed to be significantly removed as a result of most normal signal processing (other than A/D and D/A). The watermark encoding system has a converter to convert an audio signal into frequency and phase components and a mask processor to determine a hearing threshold for corresponding frequency components. The watermark encoding system also has a pattern generator to generate both the strong and weak watermarks and a watermark insertion unit to selectively insert either the strong or weak watermark into the audio signal. The watermark insertion unit adds the strong watermark to the audio signal when the signal exceeds the hearing threshold by a buffer value (e.g., 1-8 dB) and adds the weak watermark insertion unit when the signal falls below the hearing threshold by the buffer value. When the signal falls within the buffer area about the hearing threshold, the insertion unit takes no action. A watermark detecting system is equipped with a watermark detector that determines which block interval of the watermarked audio signal contains a watermark pattern and if the strong or weak watermark is present in that block interval of the signal.

2. 发明授权

US07206649B2 Audio watermarking with dual watermarks 失效
标题翻译：具有双重水印的音频水印
公开(公告)号：US07206649B2
公开(公告)日：2007-04-17
申请号：US10970499
申请日：2004-10-21
申请人： Darko Kirovski , Henrique Malvar , Mariusz H. Jakubowski
发明人： Darko Kirovski , Henrique Malvar , Mariusz H. Jakubowski
IPC分类号： G06F17/00 , H04K1/00 , H04L9/32 , H04N7/16
CPC分类号： G10L19/018
摘要： A watermark encoding system encodes an audio signal with both a strong and a weak watermark. The strong watermark identifies the content producer and is designed to survive all typical kinds of processing and malicious attacks. The weak watermark identifies the content as an original and is designed to be significantly removed as a result of most normal signal processing (other than A/D and D/A). The watermark encoding system has a converter to convert an audio signal into frequency and phase components and a mask processor to determine a hearing threshold for corresponding frequency components. The watermark encoding system also has a pattern generator to generate both the strong and weak watermarks and a watermark insertion unit to selectively insert either the strong or weak watermark into the audio signal. The watermark insertion unit adds the strong watermark to the audio signal when the signal exceeds the hearing threshold by a buffer value (e.g., 1–8 dB) and adds the weak watermark insertion unit when the signal falls below the hearing threshold by the buffer value. When the signal falls within the buffer area about the hearing threshold, the insertion unit takes no action. A watermark detecting system is equipped with a watermark detector that determines which block interval of the watermarked audio signal contains a watermark pattern and if the strong or weak watermark is present in that block interval of the signal.
摘要翻译：水印编码系统对具有强和弱水印的音频信号进行编码。强大的水印识别内容制作者，并设计为能够经受所有典型的处理和恶意攻击。弱水印将内容识别为原件，并且被设计为由于大多数正常信号处理（A / D和D / A除外）而被显着地去除。水印编码系统具有将音频信号转换为频率和相位分量的转换器，以及掩模处理器，以确定相应频率分量的听力阈值。水印编码系统还具有生成强弱水印的图案生成器和水印插入单元，以选择性地将强或弱水印插入到音频信号中。当信号超过听觉阈值的缓冲器值（例如，1-8dB）时，水印插入单元将音频信号强加，并且当信号低于听力阈值时缓冲值加上弱水印插入单元。当信号落在关于听力阈值的缓冲区域内时，插入单元不采取任何动作。水印检测系统配备有水印检测器，其确定水印音频信号的哪个块间隔包含水印图案，以及在该信号的块间隔中是否存在强或弱水印。

3. 发明授权

US07197368B2 Audio watermarking with dual watermarks 失效
公开(公告)号：US07197368B2
公开(公告)日：2007-03-27
申请号：US10620253
申请日：2003-07-15
申请人： Darko Kirovski , Henrique Malvar , Mariusz H. Jakubowski
发明人： Darko Kirovski , Henrique Malvar , Mariusz H. Jakubowski
IPC分类号： G06F17/00 , H04K1/00 , H04L9/32 , H04N7/16
CPC分类号： H04H20/31 , G11B20/00086 , G11B20/00891 , G11B2020/1062 , H04N2005/91335
摘要： A watermark encoding system encodes an audio signal with both a strong and a weak watermark. The strong watermark identifies the content producer and is designed to survive all typical kinds of processing and malicious attacks. The weak watermark identifies the content as an original and is designed to be significantly removed as a result of most normal signal processing (other than A/D and D/A). The watermark encoding system has a converter to convert an audio signal into frequency and phase components and a mask processor to determine a hearing threshold for corresponding frequency components. The watermark encoding system also has a pattern generator to generate both the strong and weak watermarks and a watermark insertion unit to selectively insert either the strong or weak watermark into the audio signal. The watermark insertion unit adds the strong watermark to the audio signal when the signal exceeds the hearing threshold by a buffer value (e.g., 1–8 dB) and adds the weak watermark insertion unit when the signal falls below the hearing threshold by the buffer value. When the signal falls within the buffer area about the hearing threshold, the insertion unit takes no action. A watermark detecting system is equipped with a watermark detector that determines which block interval of the watermarked audio signal contains a watermark pattern and if the strong or weak watermark is present in that block interval of the signal.

4. 发明申请

US20050086485A1 Collusion-resistant watermarking and fingerprinting 失效
公开(公告)号：US20050086485A1
公开(公告)日：2005-04-21
申请号：US10975514
申请日：2004-10-28
申请人： Yacov Yacobi , Henrique Malvar , Darko Kirovski
发明人： Yacov Yacobi , Henrique Malvar , Darko Kirovski
IPC分类号： G06T1/00 , H04N1/32 , H04L9/00
CPC分类号： G06T1/005 , G06T2201/0063 , G06T2201/0065 , H04N1/32144 , H04N2201/3205 , H04N2201/3233 , H04N2201/3236
摘要： An implementation of a technology is described herein that facilitates rights enforcement of digital goods using watermarks. More particularly, it is a fingerprinting technology for protecting digital goods by detecting collusion as a malicious attack and identifying the participating colluders. If a digital pirate breaks one client and enables this client to avoid watermark detection, all content (both marked/protected an unmarked/free) can be played as unmarked only on that particular client. However, to enable other clients to play content as unmarked, the digital pirate needs to collude the extracted detection keys from many clients in order to create content that can evade watermark detection on all clients. The described implementation significantly improves collusion resistance through a fingerprinting mechanism that can identify the members of a malicious coalition even when their numbers are several orders of magnitude greater than what conventional collusion-protection schemes can accomplish. However, in this scenario each member of the malicious coalition leaves a fingerprint in every digital good from which the estimated watermark is subtracted. Thus, like a burglar without gloves, the digital pirate leaves her fingerprints only when she commits a crime. This abstract itself is not intended to limit the scope of this patent. The scope of the present invention is pointed out in the appending claims.

5. 发明授权

US07552336B2 Watermarking with covert channel and permutations 有权
标题翻译：水印与隐蔽通道和排列
公开(公告)号：US07552336B2
公开(公告)日：2009-06-23
申请号：US10983358
申请日：2004-11-08
申请人： Darko Kirovski , Henrique Malvar
发明人： Darko Kirovski , Henrique Malvar
IPC分类号： H04L9/00
CPC分类号： H04H20/31 , G11B20/00086 , G11B20/00884 , H04N2005/91335
摘要： Described herein is a watermarking technology for protecting digital signals, such as a music clip. In another described implementation, a watermarking system employs a permutation technique to hide a watermark. The order in which data is imposed or encoded is rearranged may be based upon a permutation table. The same table may be used to reverse permute the data at the detector.
摘要翻译：这里描述了一种用于保护诸如音乐剪辑之类的数字信号的水印技术。在另一个描述的实现中，水印系统采用置换技术来隐藏水印。重新排列数据被强制或编码的顺序可以基于置换表。可以使用相同的表来反转在检测器处的数据。

6. 发明授权

US07389421B2 Countermeasure against estimation-based attacks of spread-spectrum watermarks 有权
标题翻译：针对扩频水印的基于估计的攻击的对策
公开(公告)号：US07389421B2
公开(公告)日：2008-06-17
申请号：US10127029
申请日：2002-04-18
申请人： Darko Kirovski , Henrique Malvar
发明人： Darko Kirovski , Henrique Malvar
IPC分类号： H04L9/00 , G09C3/00 , G09C5/00 , G06F11/00 , G06F12/14 , G06F12/16 , G06F15/18 , G08B23/00
CPC分类号： G06T1/005 , G06T2201/0065 , H04N1/00002 , H04N1/00005 , H04N1/00037 , H04N1/00068
摘要： Described herein is a technology for facilitating watermark detection. Spread-spectrum watermarking is a commonly employed technique for hiding data in digital goods (e.g., multimedia signals). Such watermarks may be potentially vulnerable to so-called “watermark estimation-based attacks.” At least one implementation, described herein, is an advancement over the traditional spread-spectrum watermark detector. At least one implementation, described herein, greatly discourages an estimation-based attack by an adversary. At least one implementation, described herein, determines whether a digital good has likely been subjected to an estimation-based attack and, at least, approximately reverses such attack. The scope of the present invention is pointed out in the appending claims.
摘要翻译：这里描述了一种便于水印检测的技术。扩频水印技术是在数字商品（例如，多媒体信号）中隐藏数据的常用技术。这样的水印可能潜在地受到所谓的“基于水印估计的攻击”的脆弱。本文描述的至少一个实施方案是对传统扩频水印检测器的进步。本文描述的至少一个实施方式极大地阻止对手的基于估计的攻击。本文描述的至少一个实施例确定数字商品是否可能经受基于估计的攻击，并且至少大致地逆转这种攻击。在所附权利要求中指出了本发明的范围。

7. 发明申请

US20050055214A1 Audio watermarking with dual watermarks 失效
标题翻译：具有双重水印的音频水印
公开(公告)号：US20050055214A1
公开(公告)日：2005-03-10
申请号：US10970499
申请日：2004-10-21
申请人： Darko Kirovski , Henrique Malvar , Mariusz Jakubowski
发明人： Darko Kirovski , Henrique Malvar , Mariusz Jakubowski
IPC分类号： G10L11/00 , G10L19/00
CPC分类号： G10L19/018
摘要： A watermark encoding system encodes an audio signal with both a strong and a weak watermark. The strong watermark identifies the content producer and is designed to survive all typical kinds of processing and malicious attacks. The weak watermark identifies the content as an original and is designed to be significantly removed as a result of most normal signal processing (other than A/D and D/A). The watermark encoding system has a converter to convert an audio signal into frequency and phase components and a mask processor to determine a hearing threshold for corresponding frequency components. The watermark encoding system also has a pattern generator to generate both the strong and weak watermarks and a watermark insertion unit to selectively insert either the strong or weak watermark into the audio signal. The watermark insertion unit adds the strong watermark to the audio signal when the signal exceeds the hearing threshold by a buffer value (e.g., 1-8 dB) and adds the weak watermark insertion unit when the signal falls below the hearing threshold by the buffer value. When the signal falls within the buffer area about the hearing threshold, the insertion unit takes no action. A watermark detecting system is equipped with a watermark detector that determines which block interval of the watermarked audio signal contains a watermark pattern and if the strong or weak watermark is present in that block interval of the signal.
摘要翻译：水印编码系统对具有强和弱水印的音频信号进行编码。强大的水印识别内容制作者，并设计为能够经受所有典型的处理和恶意攻击。弱水印将内容识别为原件，并且被设计为由于大多数正常信号处理（A / D和D / A除外）而被显着地去除。水印编码系统具有将音频信号转换为频率和相位分量的转换器，以及掩模处理器，以确定相应频率分量的听力阈值。水印编码系统还具有生成强弱水印的图案生成器和水印插入单元，以选择性地将强或弱水印插入到音频信号中。当信号超过听觉阈值的缓冲器值（例如，1-8dB）时，水印插入单元将音频信号强加，并且当信号低于听力阈值时缓冲值加上弱水印插入单元。当信号落在关于听力阈值的缓冲区域内时，插入单元不采取任何动作。水印检测系统配备有水印检测器，其确定水印音频信号的哪个块间隔包含水印图案，以及在该信号的块间隔中是否存在强或弱水印。

8. 发明授权

US06738744B2 Watermark detection via cardinality-scaled correlation 有权
标题翻译：通过基数相关的水印检测
公开(公告)号：US06738744B2
公开(公告)日：2004-05-18
申请号：US09733576
申请日：2000-12-08
申请人： Darko Kirovski , Henrique Malvar
发明人： Darko Kirovski , Henrique Malvar
IPC分类号： G10L1522
CPC分类号： G10L19/018
摘要： Described herein is an audio watermarking technology for detecting watermarks in audio signals, such as a music clip. The watermark identifies the content producer, providing a signature that is embedded in the audio signal and cannot be removed. The watermark is designed to survive all typical kinds of processing and all types of malicious attacks that attempt to remove or modify the watermark from the signal. The implementations of the watermark detecting system, described herein, support quick, efficient, and accurate detection of watermarks by the specifically designed watermark detecting system. In one described implementation, a watermark detecting system employs an improved normalized covariance test to determine the presence of a watermark using less expensive materials (hardware), quicker calculations, and a more accurate test (than the original correlation test). In other described implementations, a watermark detecting system employs a cepstrum filter and dynamic processing to minimize the affect of the “noise” in the watermarked signal. The “noise” is the original content of the signal before such signal was watermarked. In still another described implementation, a watermark detecting system employs a mechanism for random detection threshold so that the act of watermark detection does not provide decipherable clues to a digital pirate as to the value or location of the embedded watermark.
摘要翻译：这里描述了用于检测诸如音乐剪辑的音频信号中的水印的音频水印技术。水印识别内容制作者，提供嵌入在音频信号中的签名，不能被删除。水印被设计成能够经受所有典型的处理以及尝试从信号中去除或修改水印的所有类型的恶意攻击。本文所描述的水印检测系统的实现通过专门设计的水印检测系统支持对水印的快速，有效和准确的检测。在一个描述的实现中，水印检测系统采用改进的归一化协方差测试来使用较便宜的材料（硬件），更快的计算和更精确的测试来确定水印的存在（比原始的相关性测试）。在其他描述的实现中，水印检测系统采用倒谱滤波器和动态处理来最小化水印信号中“噪声”的影响。 “噪声”是信号在水印之前的原始内容。在另一个描述的实现中，水印检测系统采用用于随机检测阈值的机制，使得水印检测的动作不向数字盗版者提供关于嵌入水印的值或位置的可解释的线索。

9. 发明授权

US07543148B1 Audio watermarking with covert channel and permutations 有权
标题翻译：具有隐蔽通道和排列的音频水印
公开(公告)号：US07543148B1
公开(公告)日：2009-06-02
申请号：US09614890
申请日：2000-07-12
申请人： Darko Kirovski , Henrique Malvar
发明人： Darko Kirovski , Henrique Malvar
IPC分类号： H04L29/00
CPC分类号： H04H20/31 , G11B20/00086 , G11B20/00884 , H04N2005/91335
摘要： Audio signals, such as a music clip, are inserted with detectable watermarks. The inserted watermark can identify the content producer and provide a signature embedded in the audio signal and cannot be removed. The watermark can survive all typical kinds of processing and malicious attacks. The watermark can be implemented in a watermarking system that employs a covert channel encoder to layer an additional information data message or covert message on top of the watermark. The watermarking system can also include a permutation technique to further hide the watermark and hide the covert message within the watermark.
摘要翻译：诸如音乐剪辑的音频信号被插入可检测的水印。插入的水印可以识别内容制作者并提供嵌入在音频信号中的签名，并且不能被去除。水印可以经受所有典型的处理和恶意攻击。可以在使用隐蔽通道编码器在水印之上分层附加信息数据消息或隐蔽消息的水印系统中实现水印。水印系统还可以包括一种置换技术，以进一步隐藏水印并隐藏水印内的隐蔽消息。

10. 发明授权

US07266697B2 Stealthy audio watermarking 有权
标题翻译：隐形音频水印
公开(公告)号：US07266697B2
公开(公告)日：2007-09-04
申请号：US10838497
申请日：2004-05-03
申请人： Darko Kirovski , Henrique Malvar
发明人： Darko Kirovski , Henrique Malvar
IPC分类号： H04L9/00 , H04K1/00
CPC分类号： H04H20/31 , G10L19/018 , G11B20/00086 , G11B20/00884 , H04N2005/91335
摘要： Described herein is audio watermarking technology for inserting and detecting watermarks in audio signals, such as a music clip. The watermark identifies the content producer, providing a signature that is embedded in the audio signal and cannot be removed. The watermark is designed to survive all typical kinds of processing and malicious attacks. In one described implementation, a watermarking system employs chess spread-spectrum sequences (i.e., “chess watermarks”) to improve the balance of positive and negative chips in the watermarking sequences. The balance is not imposed in an orderly fashion, which might make the watermark sequence more easily detectable to an attacker, but in a pseudo-random fashion. In that way, better sequence balance is achieved while preserving its randomness for an attacker without knowledge of the keys. In another described implementation, a watermarking system employs an energy-level trigger to determine whether to skip encoding of a portion of a watermark within a given time span of an audio clip. If a large discrepancy in energy levels exists over a given time frame, then the frame is not watermarked, to avoid audible time-dispersion of artifacts due to spectral modifications (which are similar to “pre-echo” effects in audio coding). In another described implementation, a watermarking system begins encoding of a watermark at a variable position after the beginning of an audio clip.
摘要翻译：这里描述了用于在诸如音乐剪辑的音频信号中插入和检测水印的音频水印技术。水印识别内容制作者，提供嵌入在音频信号中的签名，不能被删除。水印被设计成能够经受所有典型的处理和恶意攻击。在一个描述的实现中，水印系统采用棋牌扩频序列（即“象棋水印”）来改善水印序列中正和负码片的平衡。平衡不是以有序的方式强加的，这可能使攻击者更容易检测到水印序列，而是以伪随机的方式。以这种方式，在不知道钥匙的情况下，为攻击者保持其随机性，实现更好的序列平衡。在另一描述的实现中，水印系统采用能级触发来确定是否在音频剪辑的给定时间间隔内跳过水印的一部分的编码。如果在给定时间帧内存在很大的能量差异，则帧不会被加水印，以避免由于频谱修改（类似于音频编码中的“前置回声”效应）的人为因素的可听时间分散。在另一个描述的实现中，水印系统开始在音频剪辑开始之后的可变位置处编码水印。

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