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    • 2. 发明公开
    • Method for handling and mixing droplets
    • 处理和混合液滴的方法
    • EP2662136A3
    • 2013-12-25
    • EP13165667.0
    • 2004-08-27
    • President and Fellows of Harvard College
    • Link, DarrenWeitz, DavidCristobal-Azkarte, GladerCheng, ZhengdongAhn, Keunho
    • B01J19/00G01N15/14
    • B01L3/5027B01F5/0256B01F5/0646B01F5/0655B01F5/0682B01F5/0689B01F13/0069B01F13/0071B01F13/0074B01F13/0076B01J19/0093B01J2219/00783B01J2219/00862B01L3/0241B01L3/502761B01L3/502776B01L3/502784B01L3/502792B01L3/5088B01L2200/0636B01L2200/0652B01L2200/0673B01L2300/0864B01L2300/0867B01L2300/161B01L2400/0415B01L2400/0439B01L2400/0487C12Q2563/159C12Q2565/629G01N15/10G01N15/14G01N15/1459G01N15/1484G01N2015/1006G01N2015/1081G01N2015/149Y10S436/807Y10T436/118339Y10T436/2525Y10T436/2575
    • Various aspects of the present invention relate to the control and manipulation of fluidic species, for example, in microfluidic systems. In one aspect, the invention relates to systems and methods for making droplets of fluid surrounded by a liquid, using, for example, electric fields, mechanical alterations, the addition of an intervening fluid etc. In some cases, the droplets may each have a substantially uniform number of entities therein. For example, 95% or more of the droplets may each contain the same number of entities of a particular species. In another aspect, the invention relates to systems and methods for dividing a fluidic droplet into two droplets, for example, through charge and/or dipole interactions with an electric field. The invention also relates to systems and methods for fusing droplets according to another aspect of the invention, for example, through charge and/or dipole interactions. In some cases, the fusion of the droplets may initiate or determine a reaction. In a related aspect of the invention, systems and methods for allowing fluid mixing within droplets to occur are also provided. In still another aspect, the invention relates to systems and methods for sorting droplets, e.g., by causing droplets to move to certain regions within a fluidic system. Examples include using electrical interactions (e.g., charges, dipoles etc.) or mechanical systems (e.g., fluid displacement) to sort the droplets. In some cases, the fluidic droplets can be sorted at relatively high rates, e.g., at about 10 droplets per second or more. Another aspect of the invention provides the ability to determine droplets, or a component thereof, for example, using fluorescence and/or other optical techniques (e.g., microscopy), or electric sensing techniques such as dielectric sensing.
    • 本发明的各个方面涉及例如在微流体系统中的流体物质的控制和操纵。 在一个方面,本发明涉及使用例如电场,机械改变,添加介入流体等来制造被液体围绕的流体液滴的系统和方法。在一些情况下,液滴可以各自具有 其中的实体数量基本一致。 例如,95%或更多的液滴可能每个都含有相同数量的特定物种的实体。 另一方面,本发明涉及用于将流体液滴分成两个液滴的系统和方法,例如通过电荷和/或偶极子与电场的相互作用。 本发明还涉及根据本发明另一方面的用于融合液滴的系统和方法,例如通过电荷和/或偶极相互作用。 在一些情况下,液滴的融合可以引发或确定反应。 在本发明的一个相关方面中,还提供了允许液滴内发生流体混合的系统和方法。 又一方面,本发明涉及用于分选液滴的系统和方法,例如通过使液滴移动到流体系统内的某些区域。 例子包括使用电相互作用(例如电荷,偶极子等)或机械系统(例如流体位移)来分选液滴。 在一些情况下,流体液滴可以以相对高的速率分拣,例如以每秒约10个液滴或​​更多。 本发明的另一方面提供了例如使用荧光和/或其它光学技术(例如显微镜)或电感测技术(例如电介质感测)来确定液滴或其组分的能力。
    • 7. 发明公开
    • Method of optical detection of binding of a material component to a sensor substance due to a biological, chemical or physical interaction and apparatus for its embodiment (variant)
    • 的材料组分到Sensorsubstance结合光学检测的方法,由于生物,化学或物理相互作用和装置用于执行该方法
    • EP2261659A3
    • 2011-02-02
    • EP10178220.9
    • 2001-05-10
    • Nikitin, Petr Ivanovich
    • Nikitin, Petr IvanovichGorshkov, Boris Georgievich
    • G01N33/53G01N21/45
    • G01N33/54373G01N21/45G01N21/7703Y10S435/808Y10S436/805Y10S436/807
    • The invention provides a method and apparatus for detection of binding of biological and/or chemical components of liquid or gaseous mixtures and solutions, which are mainly of biological origin and/or determine parameters of living activity of biological objects, to substances that bind the said components due to a biological, chemical or physical interaction; and analysis of mixtures and solutions to determine presence of biological and/or chemical components.
      Binding substances are arranged on a surface of or inside a sensor layer, which changes its thickness due to the binding being detected; the layer is affected by the light of different wavelengths; a signal due to interference on the sensor layer is registered in the reflected or transmitted light. The signal is represented by a spectrum; the sensor layer is more than 10 micrometers thick and exceeds the maximum-recorded wavelength by at least an order of magnitude; information about the binding being detected is obtained from analysis of a spectral shift of interference maximums and minimums. A plate, solid or porous, or a gap with two surfaces of a solid optical material is used as the sensor layer. As the surfaces are located at a distance of more than 10 micrometers, this allows pumping liquids through the gap at moderate pressure drops and investigating large biological objects (e.g., cells), or employment of affordable plates that are rigid enough without any substrate. The indicated thickness of the plate or the gap permits using of the superluminescent diodes or tunable semiconductor lasers as light sources, because it allows recording within their narrow spectrums a sufficient number of interference maxima and minima for precise registration of molecular binding reactions, which lead to much higher signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity of the apparatus as compared with apparatus based on thin-film sensor layers.