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    • 1. 发明授权
    • Non-asbestos-based friction materials
    • 无石棉摩擦材料
    • US06863968B2
    • 2005-03-08
    • US10207126
    • 2002-07-30
    • Takeo NagataJun Nagashima
    • Takeo NagataJun Nagashima
    • C09K3/14C08J5/14D04H1/00F16D69/02
    • F16D69/02F16D69/026F16D2200/0065Y10T428/249924Y10T428/24994Y10T428/249945Y10T428/2933
    • A non-asbestos-based friction material for brakes, clutches or the like for automobiles, large-size trucks, railway cars and various industrial machines. The friction material has excellent friction and rust preventive characteristics, and attacks the plane it faces to a limited extent. The non-asbestos-based friction material is produced by forming and then curing the non-asbestos-based friction material composition comprising a fibrous base, binder and filler as the major ingredients. The composition contains at least one type of steel fibers selected from the group consisting of iron, special dead soft steel and dead soft steel, containing carbon (C) at 0.13% or less at specific contents, in the fibrous base at 1 to 50% by volume of the whole friction material.
    • 用于汽车,大型卡车,铁路车辆和各种工业机器的用于制动器,离合器等的非石棉基摩擦材料。 该摩擦材料具有优良的摩擦和防锈特性,并在有限的程度上对其进行攻击。 非石棉类摩擦材料通过以包含纤维基材,粘合剂和填料为主要成分的非石棉基摩擦材料组合物形成然后固化而制得。 该组合物含有选自铁,特殊死软钢和死软钢中的至少一种类型的钢纤维,其含有在特定含量为0.13%以下的碳(C),纤维基质中为1〜50% 以体积计的整个摩擦材料。
    • 3. 发明授权
    • Process for producing citric acid from hydrocarbons by fermentation
    • 通过发酵从烃生产柠檬酸的方法
    • US4424274A
    • 1984-01-03
    • US375465
    • 1982-05-06
    • Takao MatsumotoYoshiyuki IchikawaTakeo Nagata
    • Takao MatsumotoYoshiyuki IchikawaTakeo Nagata
    • C12P7/48C12R1/72C12R1/74C12N1/26C12N1/28
    • C12P7/48Y10S435/818
    • The present invention relates to a microbiological process for the production of citric acid by assimilation of .alpha.-olefins, normal paraffins and their mixture. This process is carried out by culturing the microorganisms selected from the group of Candida tropicalis, Candida lipolytica, Candida intermedia and Canida brumptii and their mutants and their variants under higher concentration of dissolved oxygen than that in ordinary aeration in the culture medium. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the culture medium is suitable in the range of from 5 to 40 ppm, preferably from 10 to 30 ppm on the weight basis of said culture medium in this invention. There is many means of which increase the dissolved oxygen in the culture medium. For example, in case of supplying a mixture of oxygen and air in the culture medium, the mixing ratio is suitable to from 2 parts to 25 parts of oxygen per 10 parts of air, preferably from 4 parts to 17 parts of oxygen per 10 parts of air by volume under normal temperature and pressure. It is important that the period maintaining the high concentration of dissolved oxygen in said culture medium should be immediately after the logarithmic growth phase of cultivation. Consequently, the productivity of citric acid is remarkably improved at high yield of more than 150 g/l in said fermentation process. .alpha.-olefins of C.sub.8-40, normal paraffins of C.sub.8-20 and their mixture are used as carbon source in this invention.
    • 本发明涉及通过α-烯烃,正链烷烃及其混合物的同化生产柠檬酸的微生物方法。 该方法通过在培养基中培养选自热带念珠菌,解脂假丝酵母,中间假丝酵母和挥发油加拿大的微生物及其突变体及其变体在较高浓度的溶解氧下进行。 培养基中溶解氧的浓度在本发明的培养基的重量基础上适合为5〜40ppm,优选10〜30ppm的范围。 有许多方法可以增加培养基中的溶解氧。 例如,在培养基中供给氧气和空气的混合物的情况下,混合比例适合于每10份空气中2份至25份氧气,优选每10份氧气4份至17份 在正常温度和压力下的体积。 保持培养基中高浓度溶解氧的时间应该在培养对数生长阶段之后立即进行。 因此,在所述发酵过程中,柠檬酸的产率显着提高,高产量高于150g / l。 C8-40的α-烯烃,C8-20的正构链烷烃及其混合物用作本发明的碳源。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Suppressing method of iso-citric acid formation in producing citric acid
from hydrocarbons by fermentation
    • 通过发酵从碳氢化合物生产柠檬酸中抑制异柠檬酸形成的方法
    • US4411998A
    • 1983-10-25
    • US359773
    • 1982-03-19
    • Takao MatsumotoAtsushi FujimakiTakeo Nagata
    • Takao MatsumotoAtsushi FujimakiTakeo Nagata
    • C12P7/48
    • C12P7/48Y10S435/923Y10S435/924
    • The present invention relates to a suppressing method of iso-citric acid formation in producing citric acid from hydrocarbons by fermentation.This process is carried out by culturing the microorganisms selected from the group belonging to Candida tropicalis, Candida lipolytica, Candida intermedia and Candida brumptii and their mutants and variants in the culture medium containing paraffinic and olefinic hydrocarbons and their mixture as carbon source under aerobic conditions, wherein specific non-ionic surface active agent is added to said culture medium.The specific non-ionic surface active agent added to said culture medium is selected from the group of sorbitan fatty acid esters and polyoxy-ethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters. The amount of specific surface active agent added to said culture medium is enough from 0.005 to 0.5 percent by weight, preferably from 0.02 to 0.2 percent on the weight basis of said culture medium.
    • 本发明涉及通过发酵从烃生产柠檬酸中异柠檬酸形成的抑制方法。 该方法通过在需氧条件下培养选自属于热带假丝酵母,解脂假丝酵母,中间假丝酵母和布氏假丝酵母的组的微生物及其在含有链烷烃和烯烃的培养基及其混合物中的突变体和变体, 其中将特定的非离子表面活性剂加入到所述培养基中。 添加到所述培养基中的特定非离子表面活性剂选自脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯。 添加到所述培养基中的比表面积活性剂的量足以按所述培养基的重量计0.005至0.5重量%,优选0.02至0.2重量%。