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1. 发明申请

US20100120023A1 Detection of macromolecular complexes with harmonic cantilevers 失效
标题翻译：检测具有谐波悬臂的大分子复合物
公开(公告)号：US20100120023A1
公开(公告)日：2010-05-13
申请号：US11404181
申请日：2006-04-13
申请人： Ozgur Sahin , Calvin F. Quate , Olav Solgaard
发明人： Ozgur Sahin , Calvin F. Quate , Olav Solgaard
IPC分类号： C12Q1/68 , G01N33/566 , G01N33/553 , G01N33/552 , G01N33/544
CPC分类号： G01Q60/34
摘要： Method and apparatus which uses harmonic cantilevers, such as used in atomic force microscopy, to detect variations in the attractive and repulsive forces on a solid surface as a result of macromolecular binding, for example, hybridization of a single stranded DNA molecule attached to the surface with another DNA molecule. The complexed macromolecule is less flexible than an uncomplexed molecule. It will typically have more negative charge due to amino acids or DNA monomers. Both stiffness of the surface and the attractive capillary forces will change after binding and may be detected. By scanning the harmonic cantilever across a surface with macromolecules attached in tapping-mode and by recording the signals at the high frequency vibrations provided by harmonic cantilever, complexed molecules on a surface may be identified and quantified.
摘要翻译：使用诸如用于原子力显微镜的谐波悬臂的方法和装置来检测由于大分子结合而导致的固体表面上的吸引力和排斥力的变化，例如附着在表面上的单链DNA分子的杂交与另一个DNA分子。络合的大分子比未复合的分子灵活性低。由于氨基酸或DNA单体，它通常会具有更多的负电荷。表面的刚度和吸引的毛细管力将在结合后改变并且可以被检测。通过用分接模式连接的大分子扫描谐波悬臂，并通过在由谐波悬臂提供的高频振动下记录信号，可以识别和量化表面上的复合分子。

2. 发明授权

US07451638B1 Harmonic cantilevers and imaging methods for atomic force microscopy 有权
标题翻译：用于原子力显微镜的谐波悬臂和成像方法
公开(公告)号：US07451638B1
公开(公告)日：2008-11-18
申请号：US11187991
申请日：2005-07-22
申请人： Ozgur Sahin , Abdullah Atalar , Calvin F. Quate , Olav Solgaard
发明人： Ozgur Sahin , Abdullah Atalar , Calvin F. Quate , Olav Solgaard
IPC分类号： H01J37/00
CPC分类号： G01Q60/38 , G01Q60/34 , G01Q70/10 , Y10S977/873
摘要： A harmonic cantilever for use in an atomic force microscope includes a cantilever arm and a probe tip. The cantilever arm has a shape selected to tune the fundamental resonance frequency or a resonance frequency of a selected higher order mode so that the fundamental and higher-order resonance frequencies have an integer ratio or near integer ratio. In one embodiment, the cantilever arm can be shaped to tune the fundamental resonance frequency. Alternately, the cantilever arm can include a geometric feature for tuning the resonance frequency of the fundamental mode or the selected higher order mode. An imaging method using the harmonic cantilever is disclosed whereby signals at the higher harmonics are measured to determine the material properties of a sample. In other embodiment, a cantilever includes a probe tip positioned at a location of minimum displacement of unwanted harmonics for suppressing signals associated with the unwanted harmonics.
摘要翻译：用于原子力显微镜的谐波悬臂包括悬臂和探针尖。悬臂臂具有选择的形状来调谐基本共振频率或所选高阶模式的谐振频率，使得基波和高次谐振频率具有整数比或接近整数比。在一个实施例中，悬臂可以成形为调谐基本共振频率。或者，悬臂可以包括用于调谐基本模式或选择的较高阶模式的谐振频率的几何特征。公开了使用谐波悬臂的成像方法，其中测量高次谐波的信号以确定样品的材料性质。在另一个实施例中，悬臂包括位于最小位移处的不需要的谐波的探针尖端，用于抑制与不需要的谐波相关联的信号。

3. 发明授权

US07302833B2 Torsional harmonic cantilevers for detection of high frequency force components in atomic force microscopy 有权
标题翻译：用于在原子力显微镜检测高频力分量的扭转谐波悬臂
公开(公告)号：US07302833B2
公开(公告)日：2007-12-04
申请号：US11456810
申请日：2006-07-11
申请人： Ozgur Sahin , Calvin F. Quate , Olav Solgaard
发明人： Ozgur Sahin , Calvin F. Quate , Olav Solgaard
IPC分类号： G01B5/28 , G01N13/10 , G12B21/08 , G12B21/22
CPC分类号： G01Q60/38 , G01Q60/34
摘要： A method for measuring high frequency force of interaction between a tip of a cantilever and a sample includes providing a cantilever having a cantilever arm and a probe tip formed on a free end of the cantilever arm where the cantilever arm has a first shape and an axis of torsion associated with the first shape and the probe tip is positioned in an offset displacement from the axis of torsion, vibrating the cantilever at or near the fundamental flexural resonance frequency with a predetermined oscillation amplitude, bringing the cantilever to the vicinity of the sample, tapping the surface of the sample repeatedly using the probe tip, and detecting changes in the amplitude or the phase of a high frequency vibration harmonic of the cantilever as the cantilever is deflected in response to features on the surface of the sample.
摘要翻译：用于测量悬臂的尖端和样品之间的高频力的相互作用的方法包括提供悬臂，悬臂具有悬臂和形成在悬臂的自由端上的探针尖，其中悬臂具有第一形状和轴与第一形状和探针尖端相关联的扭转位于与扭转轴线偏移的位置，以预定的振荡幅度在基本弯曲共振频率处或附近振动悬臂，使悬臂到达样本附近，使用探针尖端重复使用样品的表面，并且响应于样品表面上的特征，当悬臂被偏转时，检测悬臂的高频振动谐波的振幅或相位的变化。

4. 发明授权

US07089787B2 Torsional harmonic cantilevers for detection of high frequency force components in atomic force microscopy 有权
标题翻译：用于在原子力显微镜检测高频力分量的扭转谐波悬臂
公开(公告)号：US07089787B2
公开(公告)日：2006-08-15
申请号：US10887608
申请日：2004-07-08
申请人： Ozgur Sahin , Calvin F. Quate , Olav Solgaard
发明人： Ozgur Sahin , Calvin F. Quate , Olav Solgaard
IPC分类号： G01B5/28 , G01N13/16 , G12B21/08
CPC分类号： G01Q60/38 , G01Q60/34
摘要： A cantilever for the use in atomic force microscopy includes a cantilever arm having a fixed end being attached to a base member and a free end where the cantilever arm has a first shape and an axis of torsion associated with the first shape, and a probe tip projecting from the cantilever arm near the free end where the probe tip is positioned in an offset displacement from the axis of torsion. Alternately, the cantilever arm has a first shape selected to tune a torsional resonance frequency of a selected torsional mode or the fundamental flexural resonance frequency of the fundamental mode so that the torsional resonance frequency and the fundamental flexural resonance frequency has an integer ratio. In this manner, the torsional motion of the torsional harmonic cantilever at that harmonic frequency will be largely enhanced by the corresponding torsional resonance.
摘要翻译：在原子力显微镜中使用的悬臂包括悬臂，其具有附接到基部构件的固定端和悬臂具有与第一形状相关联的第一形状和扭转轴线的自由端，以及探针尖端从探针尖端位于与扭转轴线偏移位置的自由端附近的悬臂臂突出。或者，悬臂臂具有选择的第一形状，以调节所选扭转模式的扭转共振频率或基模的基本弯曲共振频率，使得扭转共振频率和基本弯曲共振频率具有整数比。以这种方式，在谐波频率下的扭转谐波悬臂的扭转运动将通过相应的扭转共振大大增强。

5. 发明授权

US6156216A Method for making nitride cantilevers devices 失效
标题翻译：制造氮化物悬臂装置的方法
公开(公告)号：US6156216A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-05
申请号：US152746
申请日：1998-09-14
申请人： Scott R. Manalis , Stephen C. Minne , Calvin F. Quate
发明人： Scott R. Manalis , Stephen C. Minne , Calvin F. Quate
IPC分类号： C25F3/00 , G01N27/24 , G01Q10/00 , G01Q30/14 , G01Q70/16 , G01R31/308 , B44C1/22
CPC分类号： G01N27/24 , B82Y35/00 , G01Q70/14 , G01Q70/16
摘要： A method for making a silicon stylus protruding through a nitride layer is used to fabricate nitride micro-apertures, silicon styluses supported by nitride cantilever arms and charge sensitive silicon styluses supported by nitride cantilever arms. The method uses an anisotropic dry etch to define the apertures of the nitride micro-apertures and the apexes of the silicon styluses. Nitride apertures made by this method are useful for supporting micro-electronics and micro-optical devices. Surface probing devices with silicon styluses supported by nitride cantilever arms have applications in AFM and STM and are particularly useful in applications that require an electrical connection between the silicon stylus and external circuitry through the cantilever arm.
摘要翻译：用于制造穿过氮化物层的硅触针的方法用于制造氮化物微孔，由氮化物悬臂支撑的硅触针和由氮化物悬臂支撑的电荷敏感硅探针。该方法使用各向异性干蚀刻来限定氮化硅微孔和硅探针的顶点的孔。通过该方法制造的氮化物孔径对于支持微电子和微型光学器件是有用的。具有由氮化物悬臂支撑的硅触针的表面探测装置在AFM和STM中具有应用，并且在需要通过悬臂的硅触针和外部电路之间的电连接的应用中特别有用。

6. 发明授权

US6002131A Scanning probe potentiometer 失效
标题翻译：扫描探头电位器
公开(公告)号：US6002131A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-14
申请号：US47887
申请日：1998-03-25
申请人： Scott R. Manalis , Stephen C. Minne , Calvin F. Quate
发明人： Scott R. Manalis , Stephen C. Minne , Calvin F. Quate
IPC分类号： C25F3/00 , G01N27/24 , G01Q10/00 , G01Q30/14 , G01Q70/16 , G01R31/308 , G01R29/12
CPC分类号： G01Q60/60 , G01N27/24 , B82Y35/00 , Y10S977/854
摘要： A system for scanning and measuring a surface charge of a sample immersed in a conductive medium, such as an aqueous electrolytic solution or a gel, or positioned on a conducting plate. The system has a semiconductor with a probing surface clad in a charge-sensitive layer. The probing surface moves over the sample during scanning while a bias voltage V.sub.BIAS is applied to create a depletion layer in the semiconductor and to induce the system to alter a measurable electrical property. The electrical property is monitored with the aid of a measuring device and the measurement is correlated to the sample's surface charge. In a preferred embodiment the semiconductor is a part of a cantilever structure of the type having a probing tip and the probing surface is located on the apex of the probing tip thereby enabling examination of the topology and surface charge of the sample concurrently.
摘要翻译：一种用于扫描和测量浸渍在诸如电解质水溶液或凝胶的导电介质中的样品的表面电荷或定位在导电板上的系统。该系统具有包含在电荷敏感层中的探测表面的半导体。探测表面在扫描期间移动到样品上方，同时施加偏置电压VBIAS以在半导体中产生耗尽层并诱导系统改变可测量的电性能。借助于测量装置监测电气特性，测量与样品的表面电荷相关。在优选实施例中，半导体是具有探测尖端的类型的悬臂结构的一部分，并且探测表面位于探测尖端的顶点上，从而能够同时检查样品的拓扑和表面电荷。

7. 发明授权

US5858256A Method of forming small aperture 失效
标题翻译：形成小孔径的方法
公开(公告)号：US5858256A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-12
申请号：US679687
申请日：1996-07-11
申请人： Stephen C. Minne , Calvin F. Quate
发明人： Stephen C. Minne , Calvin F. Quate
IPC分类号： B81C1/00 , G01Q60/22 , G01Q60/44 , B29D11/00
CPC分类号： G01Q60/22 , B82Y20/00 , B82Y35/00 , G01Q60/44 , Y10S438/928 , Y10S438/947
摘要： A thick column is formed by masking and etching a substrate, and the column is thinned to a very small diameter (e.g., .ltoreq.5 nm) by oxidizing the column and removing the oxide layer. A metal layer is deposited on the surface of the substrate, and the column and substrate are etched to form a pit. The backside of the substrate is etched to form an aperture surrounded by the metal layer. Alternatively, the metal layer is removed and a dopant layer is implanted into the substrate, followed by the etching of the backside, leaving an aperture surrounded by the dopant layer. In a second alternative, the oxidized column is broken from the substrate, and the backside is etched, leaving an aperture surrounded by an oxide layer. These processes can be used to fabricate apertures of very small and reproducible dimensions for such instruments as near field scanning optical microscopes and scanning ion conductance microscopes.
摘要翻译：通过掩蔽和蚀刻衬底形成厚的柱，并且通过氧化柱并除去氧化物层将柱变薄到非常小的直径（例如，

8. 发明授权

US5629724A Stabilization of the free surface of a liquid 失效
标题翻译：稳定液体的自由表面
公开(公告)号：US5629724A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-13
申请号：US890995
申请日：1992-05-29
申请人： Scott A. Elrod , Butrus T. Khuri-Yakub , Calvin F. Quate
发明人： Scott A. Elrod , Butrus T. Khuri-Yakub , Calvin F. Quate
IPC分类号： B41J2/045 , B41J2/015 , B41J2/055 , B41J2/14 , B41J2/04
CPC分类号： B41J2/14008 , B41J2002/14322
摘要： Techniques for obtaining an ejection rate independent, spatial relationship between an acoustic focal area and the free surface of a liquid. Variations in the spatial relationship are reduced or eliminated by applying substantially the same acoustic energy to the liquid's free surface during periods when droplets are not ejected as when they are, but at power levels insufficient to eject a droplet. During ejection periods in which a droplet is not ejected, the acoustic energy is applied at a lower level, but for a longer time. Because it is more convenient to measure and control, the transducer drive voltage is used to control the acoustic energy applied to the liquid's free surface.
摘要翻译：用于获得喷射速率独立的声学焦点区域和液体的自由表面之间的空间关系的技术。在液滴不喷射的时段期间，通过对液体的自由表面施加基本上相同的声能，而在功率水平不足以喷射液滴的时期，空间关系的变化被减少或消除。在不喷射液滴的喷射期间，声能被施加在较低的水平上，但持续较长的时间。因为测量和控制更方便，因此传感器驱动电压用于控制施加到液体自由表面的声能。

9. 发明授权

US5194880A Multi-electrode, focused capillary wave energy generator 失效
标题翻译：多电极，聚焦毛细管波发生器
公开(公告)号：US5194880A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-16
申请号：US632260
申请日：1990-12-21
申请人： Scott A. Elrod , Butrus T. Khuri-Yakub , Calvin F. Quate
发明人： Scott A. Elrod , Butrus T. Khuri-Yakub , Calvin F. Quate
IPC分类号： B41J2/065
CPC分类号： B41J2/065
摘要： An ejector for ejecting droplets from an ink-filled reservoir is disclosed. The ejector comprises a substrate with a generally planar surface. The substrate is submerged in the reservoir so that the substrate surface is parallel to the reservoir surface at a shallow predetermined depth. On the substrate surface around a center is a plurality of concentric, circular electrodes. A coupled oscillator excites the electrodes in a temporal relationship such that the capillary waves generated at the ink reservoir surface are reinforced so that droplets may be ejected from the reservoir at the center of the electrodes.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于从填充墨水的储存器喷射液滴的喷射器。喷射器包括具有大致平坦表面的基板。将基板浸没在储存器中，使得基板表面在浅预定深度处平行于储存器表面。在中心周围的基板表面上是多个同心圆形电极。耦合振荡器以时间关系激发电极，使得在墨水储存器表面处产生的毛细管波被加强，使得液滴可以从电极中心处的储存器喷出。

10. 发明授权

US5041849A Multi-discrete-phase Fresnel acoustic lenses and their application to acoustic ink printing 失效
标题翻译：多分散相菲涅尔声透镜及其在声学油墨印刷中的应用
公开(公告)号：US5041849A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-20
申请号：US456409
申请日：1989-12-26
申请人： Calvin F. Quate , Eric G. Rawson , Babur B. Hadimioglu
发明人： Calvin F. Quate , Eric G. Rawson , Babur B. Hadimioglu
IPC分类号： B41J2/015 , B41J2/14 , B41J2/385 , G10K11/30 , H04R1/34
CPC分类号： B41J2/14008 , G10K11/30 , B41J2002/14322
摘要： Acoustic radiators which are focused diffractively by multi-discrete-phase binary Fresnel lenses are provided for applications, such as acoustic ink printing. Standard semiconductor integrated circuit techniques are available for fabricating such lenses in compliance with design specifications having relatively tight tolerances, including specifications for integrated lens arrays demanding substantial precision in the relative spatial positioning of several lenses. The diffractive performance of these lenses simulate concave refractive lenses, even though the lenses preferably have generally flat geometries. To that end, the lenses advantageously are defined by patterning acoustically flat surfaces, such as an acoustically flat face of a substrate or, better yet, an acoustically flat face of a layer of etchable material which is grown or otherwise deposited on an acoustically flat surface of an etch resistant substrate.

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