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1. 发明授权

US4746976A Star sightings by satellite for image navigation 失效
标题翻译：通过卫星进行星形瞄准用于图像导航
公开(公告)号：US4746976A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-24
申请号：US867356
申请日：1986-05-23
申请人： Ahmed A. Kamel , Donald E. Ekman , John Savides , Gerald J. Zwirn
发明人： Ahmed A. Kamel , Donald E. Ekman , John Savides , Gerald J. Zwirn
IPC分类号： B64G1/36 , G01C21/02 , G01C21/24 , G06T1/00 , G09B9/52 , H04N7/18
CPC分类号： G01C21/025 , G09B9/52
摘要： Stars are sensed by one or more instruments (1, 2) on board a three-axis stabilized satellite, for purposes of assisting in image navigation. A star acquistion computer (64), which may be located on the earth, commands the instrument mirror (33, 32) to slew just outside the limb of the earth or other celestial body around which the satellite is orbiting, to look for stars that have been cataloged in a star map stored within the computer (64). The instrument (1, 2) is commanded to dwell for a period of time equal to a star search window time, plus the maximum time the instrument (1, 2) takes to complete a current scan, plus the maximum time it takes for the mirror (33, 32) to slew to the star. When the satellite is first placed in orbit, and following first stationkeeping and eclipse, a special operation is performed in which the star-seeking instrument (1, 2) FOV is broadened. The elevation dimension can be broadened by performing repetitive star seeks; the azimuth dimension can be broadened by lengthening the commanded dwell times.
摘要翻译：星星由一个或多个仪器（1,2）感测在三轴稳定的卫星上，目的是协助图像导航。可以位于地球上的星形采集计算机（64）命令仪器镜（33,32）正好在卫星绕轨道的地球或其他天体的肢体外面去寻找恒星已经在存储在计算机内的星图中编目了（64）。命令仪器（1,2）驻留一段时间等于星形搜索窗口时间，加上仪器（1,2）完成当前扫描所需的最长时间，加上最长时间镜子（33,32）转向星星。当卫星首次放置在轨道上，并且在第一次保存和日食之后，执行寻星仪器（1,2）FOV的特殊操作。通过执行重复的星际搜索可以扩大海拔尺寸; 通过延长指令停留时间可以扩大方位角尺寸。

2. 发明授权

US4688092A Satellite camera image navigation 失效
标题翻译：卫星摄像机图像导航
公开(公告)号：US4688092A
公开(公告)日：1987-08-18
申请号：US860142
申请日：1986-05-06
申请人： Ahmed A. Kamel , Donald W. Graul , John Savides , Charles W. Hanson
发明人： Ahmed A. Kamel , Donald W. Graul , John Savides , Charles W. Hanson
IPC分类号： B64G1/36 , G01C11/02 , G01C21/24 , G01S3/78 , G09B9/52 , G01C21/00
CPC分类号： G01C11/02 , G09B9/52
摘要： Pixels within a satellite camera (1, 2) image are precisely located in terms of latitude and longitude on a celestial body, such as the earth, being imaged. A computer (60) on the earth generates models (40, 50) of the satellite's orbit and attitude, respectively. The orbit model (40) is generated from measurements of stars and landmarks taken by the camera (1, 2), and by range data. The orbit model (40) is an expression of the satellite's latitude and longitude at the subsatellite point, and of the altitude of the satellite, as a function of time, using as coefficients (K) the six Keplerian elements at epoch. The attitude model (50) is based upon star measurements taken by each camera (1, 2). The attitude model (50) is a set of expressions for the deviations in a set of mutually orthogonal reference optical axes (x, y, z) as a function of time, for each camera (1, 2). Measured data is fit into the models (40, 50) using a walking least squares fit algorithm. A transformation computer (66 ) transforms pixel coordinates as telemetered by the camera (1, 2) into earth latitude and longitude coordinates, using the orbit and attitude models (40, 50).
摘要翻译：卫星摄像机（1,2）图像中的像素精确地位于天体（例如地球）上的纬度和经度上。地球上的计算机（60）分别产生卫星轨道和姿态的模型（40,50）。轨道模型（40）由相机（1,2）拍摄的星星和地标的测量以及距离数据生成。轨道模型（40）是卫星在经纬度纬度和纬度以及卫星海拔高度的表达式，作为时间的函数，使用时代中的六个开普勒元素的系数（K）。姿态模型（50）基于每个摄像机拍摄的星形测量（1,2）。姿态模型（50）是对于每个照相机（1,2），作为时间的函数的一组相互正交的参考光轴（x，y，z）中的偏差的一组表达式。使用行走最小二乘拟合算法将测量数据拟合到模型（40,50）中。变换计算机（66）使用轨道和姿态模型（40,50）将由照相机（1,2）遥测的像素坐标变换为地球纬度和经度坐标。

3. 发明授权

US5899945A Attitude control and navigation system for high resolution imaging 失效
标题翻译：用于高分辨率成像的姿态控制和导航系统
公开(公告)号：US5899945A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-04
申请号：US926266
申请日：1997-09-05
申请人： Michel B. Baylocq , Nobuo Furumoto , Joseph R. Ravella , John Savides
发明人： Michel B. Baylocq , Nobuo Furumoto , Joseph R. Ravella , John Savides
IPC分类号： G06F17/00 , G01S5/14 , G01S19/14 , G01S19/18 , G01S19/49 , G01S19/51 , G01S19/53 , G01S19/54 , G05D1/08 , G06F17/40
CPC分类号： G05D1/0883 , G01C11/02 , G01S19/14 , G01S19/53
摘要： The system consists of a satellite position and attitude reference system utilizing Global Positioning System data, an on board computer to analyze and generate position and attitude dependent instructions, an attitude control system to adjust the attitude of the space craft in response to instructions from the computer, an imaging system responsive to the computer to generate image data and transmit it, and a ground based, image data receiver and post processing system to assemble the image data, code the data and compile sequential images into a mosaic depicting the target. The on board computer delays the generation of attitude control instructions, during the process of capturing image data, in order to avoid image distortion due to attitude adjustment movement of the spacecraft.
摘要翻译：该系统由使用全球定位系统数据的卫星位置和姿态参考系统组成，车载计算机分析和产生位置和姿态相关指令，姿态控制系统，以响应于来自计算机的指令调整航天器的姿态成像系统，响应于计算机产生图像数据并发送图像数据，以及基于地面的图像数据接收器和后处理系统来组合图像数据，对数据进行编码并将顺序图像编译成描绘目标的马赛克。在拍摄图像数据的过程中，车载计算机延迟了姿态控制指令的产生，以避免由于航天器的姿态调节运动造成的图像失真。

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