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    • 4. 发明申请
    • DISK DRIVE WITH NONVOLATILE MEMORY HAVING MULTIPLE MODES OF OPERATION
    • 具有多种操作模式的非易失性存储器的磁盘驱动器
    • US20080024899A1
    • 2008-01-31
    • US11460247
    • 2006-07-27
    • Frank R. ChuRichard M.H. NewSpencer W. NgMotoyasu Tsunoda
    • Frank R. ChuRichard M.H. NewSpencer W. NgMotoyasu Tsunoda
    • G11B19/02G11B15/04
    • G06F3/0646G06F3/0614G06F3/068G06F12/0866G06F2212/217G11B5/012G11B5/59694Y02D10/13
    • A hybrid disk drive, i.e., a disk drive with two types of permanent storage media (conventional disk media and nonvolatile memory, such as flash memory), uses its nonvolatile memory in operational modes other than the power-save or “standby” mode wherein the disks are spun down. In a first additional mode, called a “performance” mode, one or more blocks of write data are destaged from volatile memory (the disk drive's write cache) and written to the disk and simultaneously one or more data blocks of write data are destaged from the volatile memory and written to the nonvolatile memory. In a second additional mode, called a “harsh-environment” mode, the disk drive includes one or more environmental sensors, such as temperature and humidity sensors, and the nonvolatile memory temporarily replaces the disks as the permanent storage media. In a third additional mode, called a “write-inhibit” mode, the disk drive includes one or more write-inhibit detectors, such as a shock sensor for detecting disturbances and vibrations to the disk drive. In write-inhibit mode, if the write-inhibit signal is on then the write data is written from the volatile memory to the nonvolatile memory instead of to the disks.
    • 混合磁盘驱动器,即具有两种类型的永久存储介质的磁盘驱动器(常规磁盘介质和非易失性存储器,例如闪速存储器),以除了省电模式或“待机”模式之外的操作模式使用其非易失性存储器,其中 磁盘旋转。 在称为“性能”模式的第一附加模式中,一个或多个写入数据块从易失性存储器(磁盘驱动器的写入高速缓存)中迁移并写入到磁盘,同时一个或多个写入数据的数据块从 易失性存储器并写入非易失性存储器。 在称为“恶劣环境”模式的第二附加模式中,磁盘驱动器包括一个或多个环境传感器,例如温度和湿度传感器,并且非易失性存储器暂时将磁盘替换为永久存储介质。 在称为“禁止写入”模式的第三附加模式中,磁盘驱动器包括一个或多个禁止写入检测器,例如用于检测磁盘驱动器的干扰和振动的冲击传感器。 在禁止写入模式下,如果禁止写入信号为ON,则将写入数据从易失性存储器写入非易失性存储器而不是写入磁盘。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Method and apparatus for computer disk drive management
    • 计算机磁盘驱动器管理方法和装置
    • US5566317A
    • 1996-10-15
    • US259531
    • 1994-06-14
    • Richard K. TreiberJonathan M. HaswellSpencer W. NgMario Yamaguchi
    • Richard K. TreiberJonathan M. HaswellSpencer W. NgMario Yamaguchi
    • G06F3/06G06F12/08
    • G06F3/0611G06F12/0866G06F3/0656G06F3/0674G06F12/0862
    • A system manages data transfer between a computer, a data storage disk, and a data buffer which is associated with the disk. Upon receipt of a write request during data read-ahead from the disk to the buffer, the system preempts the read-ahead to write the data to the disk only when the target write track on the disk is different from the track being read ahead into the buffer. Otherwise, the system permits read-ahead to continue until the target write sector is positioned beneath the disk drive head. Also, upon receipt of a read request during cache writing from the buffer to the disk, the system immediately satisfies the read request prior to completing the cache writing when the requested read data is contained in the buffer. Moreover, the system provides for dynamic switching between a data read-ahead preempt policy and a data read-ahead no-preempt policy based upon parallel monitoring and comparison of data request service times under both policies.
    • 系统管理计算机,数据存储盘和与盘相关联的数据缓冲器之间的数据传输。 在从磁盘到缓冲器的数据读取期间接收到写入请求时,系统只有当磁盘上的目标写入磁道与正在读取的磁道不同时才先读取数据才能将数据写入磁盘 缓冲区。 否则,系统允许预读继续,直到目标写入扇区位于磁盘驱动器头下方。 此外,当从缓冲器写入缓存器的缓存器中接收到读取请求时,当所请求的读取数据被包含在缓冲器中时,系统在完成高速缓存写入之前立即满足读取请求。 此外,该系统基于两种策略下的数据请求服务时间的并行监视和比较,提供数据预读抢占策略和数据预读无抢占策略之间的动态切换。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Disk drive with nonvolatile memory for storage of failure-related data
    • 带有非易失性存储器的磁盘驱动器,用于存储故障相关数据
    • US08015433B2
    • 2011-09-06
    • US11531380
    • 2006-09-13
    • Frank R. ChuGeorge A. DunnRichard M. H. NewSpencer W. Ng
    • Frank R. ChuGeorge A. DunnRichard M. H. NewSpencer W. Ng
    • G06F11/00
    • G11B20/18
    • A disk drive that includes nonvolatile memory monitors the drive's reliability-related parameters to detect real or potential failure events, and records failure-related data in nonvolatile memory, rather than in reserved areas of the disks. The monitoring may be by running a diagnostic routine or by regular or periodic monitoring of disk drive sensors, like temperature and shock sensors. The failure events to be monitored and recorded may include defective data sectors. When a new defective sector is detected after the disk drive has been put into operation, that defective sector is taken out of service and its logical block address (LBA) is mapped to a memory space in the nonvolatile memory rather to a reserved spare sector on the disk. When a read or write command is received for an LBA range that includes the defective sector's LBA, the defective sector is skipped while the whole LBA range of the command is processed and the user data for the defective sector's LBA is read from or written to the mapped memory space in the nonvolatile memory.
    • 包含非易失性存储器的磁盘驱动器监视驱动器与可靠性相关的参数以检测实际或潜在的故障事件,并将故障相关数据记录在非易失性存储器中,而不是在磁盘的保留区域中。 监控可能是通过运行诊断程序或通过定期或周期性地监视磁盘驱动器传感器,如温度和冲击传感器。 要监视和记录的故障事件可能包括有缺陷的数据扇区。 当磁盘驱动器投入运行后检测到新的缺陷扇区时,该缺陷扇区被取消服务,其逻辑块地址(LBA)映射到非易失性存储器中的存储器空间,而不是映射到备用扇区 磁盘。 当接收到包含缺陷扇区的LBA的LBA范围的读取或写入命令时,跳过缺陷扇区,同时处理命令的整个LBA范围,并且将缺陷扇区的LBA的用户数据从或写入到 在非易失性存储器中映射的存储空间。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Method and system for determining the data layout geometry of a disk drive
    • 用于确定磁盘驱动器的数据布局几何的方法和系统
    • US06237070B1
    • 2001-05-22
    • US09126745
    • 1998-07-31
    • Spencer W. Ng
    • Spencer W. Ng
    • G06F1200
    • G06F3/0613G06F3/0653G06F3/0674G11B5/012G11B20/1258G11B27/105G11B27/36
    • A system and method for determining the disk drive parameters of any disk drive that may be encountered. A novel access pattern is applied to the disk drive and a novel technique used to interpret the measured results. In order to determine a data layout geometry of a disk drive, access times for a plurality of sectors on the disk drive are measured by alternately performing the steps of: accessing an anchor sector of the disk drive, and accessing a successive sector of the disk drive and measuring a completion time of the access. Parameters related to the data layout geometry of the disk drive are determined based on the measured access times. Contiguous patterns of the measured access times are detected and gaps between contiguous patterns are detected. Gaps of a first size, representing a track skew, and gaps of a second size, representing a cylinder skew, are detected. A number of sectors per track is determined based on a contiguous pattern of access times between two track skew gaps, wherein the number of sectors per track is equal to the number of contiguous access times in the contiguous pattern. A number of tracks per cylinder, which is equal to a number of contiguous patterns of access times between two cylinder skew gaps, is determined. A gap of a third size, representing a revolution is detected and a revolution speed of the disk drive is determined based on the size of the revolution gap.
    • 用于确定可能遇到的任何磁盘驱动器的磁盘驱动器参数的系统和方法。 一种新颖的访问模式被应用于磁盘驱动器和用于解释测量结果的新技术。 为了确定磁盘驱动器的数据布局几何形状,通过交替地执行以下步骤来测量磁盘驱动器上的多个扇区的访问时间:访问磁盘驱动器的锚定扇区,并访问磁盘的连续扇区 驱动并测量访问的完成时间。 基于测量的访问时间确定与磁盘驱动器的数据布局几何相关的参数。 检测测量的访问时间的连续模式,并检测相邻模式之间的间隙。 检测出表示轨道偏移的第一尺寸间隙和表示气缸偏斜的第二尺寸的间隙。 基于两个轨道间的间隔之间的连续访问时间图来确定每个磁道的扇区数,其中每个磁道的扇区数等于连续模式中的连续访问次数。 确定每个气缸的多个轨道,其等于两个气缸倾斜间隙之间的连续的接近时间图案的数量。 检测出表示旋转的第三尺寸的间隙,并且基于旋转间隙的尺寸确定盘驱动器的转速。
    • 10. 再颁专利
    • Recovery from errors in a redundant array of disk drives
    • 从磁盘驱动器冗余阵列中的错误中恢复
    • USRE36846E
    • 2000-08-29
    • US583773
    • 1996-01-11
    • Spencer W. NgDavid W. PalmerRichard S. Thompson
    • Spencer W. NgDavid W. PalmerRichard S. Thompson
    • G06F3/06G06F11/00G06F11/10G11B20/18
    • G06F11/1092G11B20/1833
    • Fault tolerance in a redundant array of disk drives is degraded when error conditions exist in the array. Several methods for rebuilding data of the array to remove the degradation are described. Data rebuilding for entire disk drives and partial data rebuilds of disk drives are described. All rebuild methods tend to reduce the negative affect of using array resources for the data rebuild. In one method rebuilding occurs during idle time of the array. In a second method rebuilding is interleaved between current data area accessing operations of the array at a rate which is inversely proportional to activity level of the array. In a third method, the data are rebuilt when a data area being accessed is a data area needing rebuilding.
    • 当阵列中存在错误条件时,磁盘驱动器冗余阵列中的容错会降级。 描述了重建数组的数据以消除劣化的几种方法。 描述整个磁盘驱动器的数据重建和磁盘驱动器的部分数据重建。 所有重建方法都倾向于减少使用数组资源进行数据重建的负面影响。 在一种方法中,重建在阵列的空闲时间发生。 在第二种方法中,重建以与阵列的活动级别成反比的速率在阵列的当前数据区域访问操作之间进行交织。 在第三种方法中,当正在访问的数据区域是需要重建的数据区域时,重建数据。