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    • 5. 发明专利
    • Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of hydrocyanic acid
    • GB442737A
    • 1936-02-13
    • GB2338134
    • 1934-08-13
    • DU PONTPAUL JOHNSON CARLISLEALEXANDER DOUGLAS MACALLUM
    • C01C3/02
    • Hydrocyanic acid is obtained by reacting, in the absence of a catalyst, ammonia, a hydrocarbon or mixture of hydrocarbons, and oxygen or air, the hydrocarbon constituent being in excess of the amount stoichiometrically equivalent to the quantity of ammonia present, the heat required for the endothermic reaction between ammonia and hydrocarbon being supplied at least in part by a concurrent exothermic reaction between oxygen and hydrocarbon, and the quantity of oxygen present in the initial mixture being equivalent to a part only of the excess of hydrocarbon. A part of the necessary heat may be supplied by external heating, say by preheating the reaction mixture to not less than 400 DEG C., preferably by heat exchange with the exit reaction gases. Suitable reaction temperatures lie between about 1000 and 1500 DEG C. Preferred proportions of the reacting gases are about one volume of ammonia, a quantity of hydrocarbon or mixture of hydrocarbons equivalent to 2 to 5 volumes of methane and 1 to 3 volumes of oxygen or an equivalent volume of air. The hydrocarbons which may be employed include methane, natural gas, ethylene, ethane, propane or butane. Atmospheric or higher or lower pressures may be employed. According to a modification, hydrocarbon, carbon or other carbonaceous material is burnt with air or oxygen to produce a flue gas having a temperature of 400--1000 DEG C., and a mixture of ammonia with an excess of hydrocarbon and sufficient air or oxygen to burn, a part of this excess is introduced into the hot flue gas. The process may be conducted by passing the mixture of gases through a silica tube heated in an electric furnace.
    • 6. 发明专利
    • Apparatus for effecting animal restraint
    • GB751328A
    • 1956-06-27
    • GB2585454
    • 1954-08-25
    • HARRY PAUL JOHNSON
    • A01K13/00
    • 751,328. Restraining animals. JOHNSON, H. P. Aug. 26, 1954 [Sept. 2, 1953], No. 24864/54. Class 81(2). Animal restraint apparatus comprises a tail embracing member shaped to engage the underside and opposite sides of the tail, anchor means for attachment to the animal forward of the tail and a tension structure between said means and said member for supporting the tail in a forward dorsal position. The tail embracing member 12 consists of relatively heavy moulded rubber disposed in a plane and is bent about a vertical axis a-a to embrace the tail from underneath. Stiffening members 26 prevent the member 12 being bent about a haircutal axis b-b. The tail embracing member 12 is held in supporting position by a rope 14 secured to an eyeletted plate 22 which is secured to the animal by a halter 16. Another form of tail embracing member (not shown) is made of webbing and leather.