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    • 83. 发明专利
    • Improvements in the manufacture of artificial silk
    • GB351527A
    • 1931-06-25
    • GB945930
    • 1930-03-25
    • WILLIAM HARRISON
    • D01F2/00D01F2/28
    • In order to obtain modified elasticity and strength a filament or thread formed from cellulose or a derivative or compound is treated so as to change the nature of the outer layers while leaving an unchanged or only partially changed core, and then subjected to the action of a medium adapted to swell the core more than the outer layers and thus produce an expanding pressure which will cause the crystallites of the outer layer to be re-arranged with their long axes substantially transverse to the axis of the thread. Stretching may be applied before, during, or after the above treatment. Viscose may be spun into 20 per cent sulphuric acid, with or without neutral salts such as sodium sulphate, under such conditions as to leave a core of xanthate in the threads, which are subjected to the action of a base such as sodium carbonate or acetate, but not caustic alkali or ammonia. The neutralized threads are washed and passed through a caustic alkali solution not exceeding 20 DEG Tw. or a 1-20 per cent ammonia solution, whereby the core is caused to swell. The threads are then carried through an acid bath and finished in the usual way. Cellulose nitrate or acetate solution may be spun into threads which are converted superficially into cellulose; this may be done by treating the nitrate with a sulphide solution of more than 10 per cent strength, or the acetate with caustic soda lye of similar strength; not more than 50 per cent of the acetate should be converted. A solvent, partial solvent, or swelling agent is then applied, for instance an aqueous solution of acetone of more than 40 per cent strength. Solvents soluble in water are preferred, e.g. acetone, formic, acetic, or lactic acid, or formalin. After the treatment, the threads may be insolubilized and purified. The Provisional Specification states that the invention is applicable to filaments of cellulose ethers or of the compounds described in Specifications 264,261, 286,331, 286,332 [all in Class 2 (ii), Cellulose &c.]. Specifications 8083/02, [Class 120, Spinning], 135,205, 166,931, 192,214, 274,521, 298,548, and 309,053, [all in Class 2 (ii), Cellulose &c.], also are referred to.
    • 88. 发明专利
    • The manufacture of carbohydrate derivatives
    • GB286332A
    • 1928-02-29
    • GB2718626
    • 1926-10-30
    • WILLIAM HARRISON
    • C08B15/06
    • 286,332. Harrison, W. Oct. 30, 1926. Starch and other carbohydrate derivatives. - Stable and permanent derivatives of starch and other carbohydrates are obtained by oxidizing a carbohydrate compound containing the CSS group, in the presence of an organic derivative of ammonia in which at least one atom of hydrogen is reactive ; one or both of the other hydrogen atoms may be replaced by an alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl group, or by an oxy- or hydroxy-, alkyl-, aryl-, or aralkyl group. The carbohydrate compound and the ammonia derivative may be mixed together before the addition of the oxidizing agent. Suitable ammonia derivatives are :- alkylamines, arylamines such as aniline, aralkylamines, acid amides such as acetamide. benzamide or phthalimide, amino acids such as aminoacetic acid, amidines. urea and its derivatives, cyanamide, dicyanodiamide, dicyanamide, guanidine and its derivatives, urethanes, and thiourea and its derivatives. The reaction may be carried out under alkaline, neutral or faintly acid conditions; and it may be conducted at normal temperature or at raised temperatures up to 100‹ C. ; when carried out at low temperature the products appear to be derivatives of diimido carboxylic disulphide, whereas at 100‹ C. they appear to be derivatives of benzothiazol. The oxidizing-agents used are such as will oxidize sulphuretted hydrogen ; they may be ferricyanides, bichromates, chlorates, hypochlorites, peroxides, nitrous acid, sulphurous acid, ferric salts, and air or oxygen with or without oxygen carriers; when air or oxygen is employed, this must be blown through the mixture, or the oxygen may be used in the nascent state as produced by electrolysis of the solution. In examples, the starting material is starch xanthogenate, and the reaction is carried out either in the alkaline solution, or after neutralizing with acetic, carbonic, sulphurous or phosphoric acid; the ammonia derivative is aniline, toluidine, methylaniline, or urea ; the products either separate out of themselves, or are separated out by acidifying the mixture ; and either during or after the formation of the carbohydrate compound it is treated with acetone, carbon disulphide, sodium sulphite, or other solvent for sulphur. The products obtained may be dissolved in caustic alkalies, or in cellulose solvents such as zinc chloride, sulphuric acid, and ammoniacal copper solution; and they may be worked up into films, filaments, filling materials. &c. Specifications 27732/12, [Class 2 (ii), Cellulose &c.] ; and 286,331 are referred to.