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    • 71. 发明授权
    • Air flow measuring apparatus
    • 气流测量仪
    • US4571991A
    • 1986-02-25
    • US645393
    • 1984-08-29
    • Tomoaki AbeMasumi KinugawaAtsushi Suzuki
    • Tomoaki AbeMasumi KinugawaAtsushi Suzuki
    • G01F1/68G01F1/698G01M15/00
    • G01F1/698
    • An air flow detecting element is located in the air flow to be measured. This air flow detecting element comprises a heater made of resistant material having a positive temperature coefficient and wound around a first heat resistant frame, a first heat sensitive element wound around the first frame together with the heater and made of resistant material having a positive temperature coefficient and receiving heat from the heater, and a second heat sensitive element wound around a second heat resistant frame and made of resistant material having a positive temperature coefficient, and serving to measure the temperature of the air. A bridge circuit comprises a series circuit consisting of the heater and fixed resistances connected in series with each other, and a series circuit consisting of the first and second heat sensitive elements connected in series with each other. Potential differences at the output terminal of this bridge circuit are compared by an OP amplifier. The base of a transistor, with controls the power source current relative to the bridge circuit, is controlled by the OP amplifier. An output voltage signal which corresponds to the value of the current flowing to the heater is detected and supplied as a terminal voltage of the fixed resistance.
    • 空气流量检测元件位于要测量的空气流中。 这种气流检测元件包括由耐温材料制成的加热器,其具有正温度系数并缠绕在第一耐热框架上,第一热敏元件与加热器一起缠绕在第一框架周围,并由具有正温度系数的电阻材料制成 并且从加热器接收热量,以及缠绕在第二耐热框架周围并由具有正温度系数的耐热材料制成并用于测量空气温度的第二热敏元件。 桥式电路包括由加热器和彼此串联连接的固定电阻组成的串联电路,以及由彼此串联连接的第一和第二热敏元件组成的串联电路。 该桥式电路输出端的电位差由OP放大器进行比较。 控制电源电流相对于桥式电路的晶体管的基极由OP放大器控制。 检测并输出与流过加热器的电流值对应的输出电压信号作为固定电阻的端子电压。
    • 72. 发明授权
    • Apparatus and method for controlling air-to-fuel ratio for an internal
combustion engine
    • 用于控制内燃机的空燃比的装置和方法
    • US4566419A
    • 1986-01-28
    • US640987
    • 1984-08-15
    • Masakazu NinomiyaHideya FujisawaNorio OmoriAtsushi Suzuki
    • Masakazu NinomiyaHideya FujisawaNorio OmoriAtsushi Suzuki
    • F02D41/14F02B3/00G01N27/58
    • F02D41/1476
    • A gas sensor of constant-current type is used to detect a gas component in exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine so as to perform feedback control of air/fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture supplied to the engine. In order to detect an air/fuel ratio which is richer than a stoichiometric value, a voltage applied to the gas sensor is set to a high value so that the gas sensor does not exhibit a constant-current characteristic. In the case it is desired to detect an air/fuel ratio which is either richer or leaner than the stoichiometric value, the voltage may be changed between the high value and a lower value at which the gas sensor exhibits a constant-current characteristic. Engine parameters are detected to determine whether the engine requires a rich mixture or a lean mixture, and the voltage may be changed as the result of such determination. An output current of the gas sensor is detected to ascertain air/fuel ratio so that air/fuel ratio is controlled to a desired value suitable for engine operating condition.
    • 使用恒流型气体传感器来检测来自内燃机的废气中的气体成分,以对供给发动机的空气 - 燃料混合物的空气/燃料比进行反馈控制。 为了检测比化学计量值更浓的空气/燃料比,施加到气体传感器的电压被设定为高值,使得气体传感器不呈现恒定电流特性。 在需要检测比化学计量值更浓或更稀的空燃比的情况下,可以在气体传感器呈现恒定电流特性的高值和较低值之间改变电压。 检测发动机参数以确定发动机是否需要富混合物或稀混合物,并且可以作为这种确定的结果而改变电压。 检测气体传感器的输出电流以确定空气/燃料比,使得空气/燃料比被控制到适合于发动机运行状态的期望值。
    • 76. 发明授权
    • Fluorescent material
    • 荧光材料
    • US4107273A
    • 1978-08-15
    • US846535
    • 1977-10-28
    • Atsushi SuzukiJean-Pierre Jeser
    • Atsushi SuzukiJean-Pierre Jeser
    • G06K19/06B42D15/10C09K11/08C09K11/77C09K11/81C09K11/82C09K11/46
    • C09K11/7777
    • An infrared rays excited - infrared rays emitting fluorescent material which contains predetermined quantities of neodymium and ytterbium as activators is disclosed.The fluorescent material according to this invention is higher in the luminescence intensity than a conventional, infrared rays excited - infrared rays emitting fluorescent material which is activated with neodymium only. Moreover, its maximum luminescence wavelength lies within a wavelength region which a silicon photosensor can detect at high sensitivity. It is therefore very useful in practical use.The fluorescent material is represented by the following formula:MM'.sub.1-x-y Nd.sub.x Yb.sub.y P.sub.4 O.sub.12wherein M denotes at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs, and M' denotes at least one element selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, La, Ce, Gd, Lu, Ga and In, and where 0.05 .ltoreq. x .ltoreq. 0.999, 0.001 .ltoreq. y .ltoreq. 0.950, and x + y .ltoreq. 1.0.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the InventionThis invention relates to a fluorescent material which is excited by infrared rays and which emits infrared rays (such a fluorescent material shall be termed an "infrared - infrared fluorescent material" in the present specification). More particularly, it relates to an infrared - infrared fluorescent material which is higher in the luminescence intensity than conventional infrared - infrared fluorescent materials and the peak of luminescence wavelength of which is well adapted to the responsivity spectrum of a solid-state photosensor.2. Description of the Prior ArtThe infrared - infrared fluorescent material had scanty applications in the past unlike other fluorescent materials, and only a very small number of substances were developed.Recently, however, the applications of the infrared - infrared fluorescent material have gradually widened for, e.g., the sensors of various analyzers. In consequence, an infrared - infrared fluorescent material exhibiting more excellent characteristics than in the prior art has been desired.It is stated in the following reference that several substances containing Nd, for example, CaWO.sub.4, Y.sub.3 Al.sub.5 O.sub.12, LaF.sub.3, CaNb.sub.2 O.sub.6 etc. can be used for solid-state devices for laser oscillation;(1) "Luminescence of Insulating Solid for Optical Masers," L. G. van Vitert in Luminescence of Inorganic Solids, ed. by Paul Goldberg, p. 465 - 5399, Academic Press 1966.Any of the above-mentioned substances has been used as the solid-state element for laser oscillation under the state of the single crystal, and there has not been any example in which it is employed as a fluorescent material. It is surely possible to use the substances as infrared - infrared fluorescent materials in the form of fine powder. The compounds which contain Nd ions have the properties that radiation in the infrared wavelength region is intensely absorbed by the Nd ions and that the efficiency of infrared emission is high. However, the concentration of cations to substitute is as low as several %, and the Nd ion concentration per unit volume is not high. Therefore, even if the substances are used as the powdery fluorescent materials, the influence of scattering on the powder surfaces will appear conspicuously, and it will be difficult to obtain a high output.Recently, several substances for new miniature elements have been reported in the following references:(2) "Minilasers of Neodymium Compounds," Stephen R. Chinn et al in Laser Focus, May 1976, p. 64 - 69.(3) "Stoichiometric Laser Materials," H. Danielmeyer in Festkorperproblem XV, p. 253, 1975, Viehweg (West Germany).The substance are the single-crystals of LiNdP.sub.4 O.sub.12, NdP.sub.5 O.sub.14, Al.sub.3 NdB.sub.4 O.sub.12 etc. A common feature is that the Nd ion concentration per unit volume is at least one order higher than the concentrations in the compounds mentioned previously. It is accordingly possible to obtain a high luminescence output even in case of the powdery form.However, the principal emission by the Nd ions lies in the vicinity of 1,050 nm, and this wavelength matches ill with the spectral sensitivity of a silicon photodetector which is the most excellent in the near infrared region. Accordingly, a fluorescent material with which a higher detector output is obtained is requested.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONAn object of this invention is to solve the problems of the prior arts and to provide a fluorescent material which has a high luminescence intensity and the luminescence of which can be detected at high sensitivity by a solid-state photosensor.In order to accomplish the object, this invention adds predetermined quantities of neodymium ions (Nd.sup.3+) and ytterbium ions (Yb.sup.3+) as activators, thereby to make the luminescence intensity high and to regulate the emission spectrum into a favorable shape.
    • 公开了含有预定量的钕和镱作为活化剂的红外线激发红外线发射荧光材料。
    • 80. 发明授权
    • Wet friction member and its manufacturing method
    • 湿摩擦件及其制造方法
    • US08765266B2
    • 2014-07-01
    • US13563039
    • 2012-07-31
    • Atsushi SuzukiMasataka KawabataMasami HataShoji Toida
    • Atsushi SuzukiMasataka KawabataMasami HataShoji Toida
    • B32B23/04
    • D21H17/67D21H21/18F16D69/026F16D2200/0095Y10T428/25Y10T428/2982Y10T428/31971Y10T428/31986Y10T428/31989Y10T428/31993
    • A wet friction member contains a pulverized cork heated to 150-200° C. if necessary. The pulverized cork is mixed with other papermaking materials and formed into a paper-made substrate. The paper-made substrate is impregnated with a synthetic resin to be a binder and heated and cured. The cork itself has a high friction coefficient μ. Moreover, a powder thereof increases surface area and area in contact with a separator plate of a counter member, thereby improving a friction coefficient of a friction surface of the wet friction member. The friction coefficient of the cork itself and capacities for absorbing and discharging oil are improved by heating the cork. Thus, there is provided a wet friction member that has a higher friction coefficient μ. An increase in the friction coefficient μ, weight reduction by reducing the number of friction members, and high efficiency are achieved when used as a wet friction member.
    • 如果需要,湿摩擦构件包含加热至150-200℃的粉碎软木塞。 将粉碎的软木与其他造纸材料混合并形成纸制基材。 用合成树脂浸渍造纸基材作为粘合剂并加热固化。 软木本身具有高摩擦系数μ。 此外,其粉末增加与对置构件的隔板接触的表面积和面积,从而提高湿摩擦构件的摩擦面的摩擦系数。 软木本身的摩擦系数和吸收和排出油的能力通过加热软木来提高。 因此,提供了具有较高摩擦系数μ的湿摩擦构件。 当用作湿摩擦构件时,实现摩擦系数μ的增加,减少摩擦构件的数量和高效率。