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71. 发明授权

US5208766A Automated evaluation of painted surface quality 失效
标题翻译：自动评估涂漆表面质量
公开(公告)号：US5208766A
公开(公告)日：1993-05-04
申请号：US611597
申请日：1990-11-13
申请人： David B. Chang , I-Fu Shih , Michael E. Stickney
发明人： David B. Chang , I-Fu Shih , Michael E. Stickney
IPC分类号： G01N21/88 , G01B11/30 , G01N21/93 , G06T1/00 , H04N7/18
CPC分类号： G01B11/303
摘要： Human aesthetic evaluation of a finished painted surface, such as an automotive body, is automatically simulated by analyzing a distorted reflected test pattern from the finished surface. Fourier power spectra of the distorted test pattern are generated to form a parameterization of the reflected distorted test pattern. A correlation is statistically made to reference Fourier power spectra, each of which has been associated with a specific human aesthetic evaluation, such as wetness, dullness, softness, brightness, and the like. The Fourier power spectra of the distorted reflected image are automatically generated through a digitized two dimensional pixel map, which are mapped into functions of the edge direction and edge intensity of the pixels. The functions are then Fourier transformed into Fourier power spectra and correlated with reference reflected patterns. Alternatively, the Fourier power spectrum of the distorted reflected pattern is optically generated by use of collimated coherent light in a Fourier transform lens. After that, the necessary parameterization is extracted from the optical Fourier transform plane and correlated to previously recorded aesthetic human evaluation. A segmentation parameter is also used for correlation with a reference segmentation indicator.

72. 发明授权

US5149957A Semiconductor-to-metal optical switch for power limitation in the infrared 失效
标题翻译：用于红外功率限制的半导体到金属光开关
公开(公告)号：US5149957A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-22
申请号：US748170
申请日：1991-08-21
申请人： Brian M. Pierce , George D. Lawrence , David B. Chang , Jonathan W. Arenberg
发明人： Brian M. Pierce , George D. Lawrence , David B. Chang , Jonathan W. Arenberg
IPC分类号： G01S7/495 , G02F1/015 , H01L31/0224 , H01L31/0296 , H01L31/109
CPC分类号： G01S7/495 , G02F1/015 , H01L31/022466 , H01L31/02966 , H01L31/109
摘要： A semiconductor-to-metal optical switch or device for power limitation in the infrared spectral region includes two thin semiconductor layers sandwiched between two transparent electrodes. An electrical voltage is applied across the two semiconductor layers to produce an active device for blocking incident light in the 8 to 12 .mu.m spectral region. The material composition and thickness of the two semiconductor layers are such that enough photo-excited electrons are generated in the first semiconductor layer so that the second semiconductor layer undergoes a rapid semiconductor-to-metal transition at a predetermined light intensity. The semiconductor layers remain transparent below the predetermined light intensity and the second layer will become metal-like at a light intensity above a threshold level. Upon becoming metal-like, the second semiconductor layer will block the incident light. The first semiconductor layer can be made from a material such as mercury cadium telluride and the second semiconductor layer can be made from a material such as germanium.
摘要翻译：在红外光谱区域中用于功率限制的半导体到金属光开关或器件包括夹在两个透明电极之间的两个薄的半导体层。在两个半导体层之间施加电压以产生用于阻挡8至12μm光谱区域中的入射光的有源器件。两个半导体层的材料组成和厚度使得在第一半导体层中产生足够的光激发电子，使得第二半导体层以预定的光强度经历快速的半导体到金属的转变。半导体层在预定光强度下保持透明，并且第二层将在高于阈值水平的光强度下变为金属样。在变成金属状时，第二半导体层将阻挡入射光。第一半导体层可以由诸如汞碲化镓的材料制成，并且第二半导体层可以由诸如锗的材料制成。

73. 发明授权

US5076662A Electro-optical IFS finder 失效
标题翻译：电光IFS探测器
公开(公告)号：US5076662A
公开(公告)日：1991-12-31
申请号：US340655
申请日：1989-04-20
申请人： I-Fu Shih , David B. Chang , Norton L. Moise , James E. Drummond
发明人： I-Fu Shih , David B. Chang , Norton L. Moise , James E. Drummond
IPC分类号： G06E1/00 , G06E3/00 , G06T1/00
CPC分类号： G06E3/001
摘要： An electro-optical system that implements the self-tiling process of fining proper Iterated Function Systems for modeling natural objects. The system can operate in two different modes, a real-time interactive mode and an automated mode. The purpose of the system is to speed up the process of finding a proper IFS for a given object to be modeled. The system makes use of optical processing, including optical means for rotating, magnifying/demagnifying and translating an input image. Optical beamsplitters are used to combine transformed images to produce a tiled output image. In one embodiment, an automated controller evaluates the goodness of the match between the tiled image and the input image and generates control signals which cause adjustment of the settings of the optical means. The process is repeated automatically until the match is sufficiently good. The invention can also be operated in a manual, man-in-the-loop mode.

74. 发明授权

US5009502A System of holographic optical elements for testing laser range finders 失效
标题翻译：用于测试激光测距仪的全息光学元件系统
公开(公告)号：US5009502A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-23
申请号：US341010
申请日：1989-04-20
申请人： I-Fu Shih , David B. Chang , James A. Arns , Gaylord E. Moss , Ronald T. Smith
发明人： I-Fu Shih , David B. Chang , James A. Arns , Gaylord E. Moss , Ronald T. Smith
IPC分类号： G01S7/497
CPC分类号： G01S7/4972
摘要： A focusing, collimating, and beamsplitting test system for testing laser rangefinders for their beam quality, ranging accuracy, and sight unit alignment. The system includes holographic optical elements in place of conventional mirrors, lenses and beamsplitters. The advantages of this system are that it not only reduces the size and weight of optical elements, but also reduces the number of required elements. Consequently, the resulting test equipment requires less labor to assemble and is more compact and much lighter than conventional test systems.
摘要翻译：一种聚焦，准直和分光测试系统，用于测试激光测距仪的光束质量，测距精度和瞄准单元对准。该系统包括全息光学元件代替传统的反射镜，透镜和分束器。该系统的优点在于它不仅减小了光学元件的尺寸和重量，而且减少了所需元件的数量。因此，所得到的测试设备需要较少的装配成本并且比常规测试系统更紧凑和更轻。

75. 发明授权

US4986639A Eye protection device against broadband high intensity light 失效
标题翻译：眼睛防护装置防止宽带高强度灯
公开(公告)号：US4986639A
公开(公告)日：1991-01-22
申请号：US296643
申请日：1989-01-13
申请人： David B. Chang , Brian M. Pierce
发明人： David B. Chang , Brian M. Pierce
IPC分类号： A61F9/02 , G02B5/23 , G02C7/10 , G02F1/015
CPC分类号： A61F9/023 , G02B5/23 , G02C7/101 , G02F1/015
摘要： An eye protection device against broadband high intensity light sources, including a fast response component (picosecond to microsecond) and a slow response component (microsecond and longer). The fast response component consists of two thin semiconductor layers "sandwiched" between two transparent electrodes. The natures and dimensions of the semiconductor layers and the voltage bias applied to them are determined such that enough photo-excited electrons are generated in the first small bandgap layer so that the second large bandgap layer undergoes a rapid insulator-to-metal transition at the light-intensity threshold for eye damage. Upon becoming metal-like, this layer blocks the incident light. Below the damage threshold, the fast response component is transparent. The slow response component includes a PLZT (lanthanum-modified lead zirconium titanate) or similar electro-optic shutter. This component is transparent below the damage threshold. Finally, ballistic and chemical protection are obtained by embedding these slow and fast response components in a suitable plastic goggle.
摘要翻译：一种针对宽带高强度光源的眼睛保护装置，包括快速响应分量（微秒至微秒）和慢响应分量（微秒和更长）。快速响应分量由两个薄的半导体层“夹在两个透明电极之间”组成。确定半导体层的性质和尺寸以及施加到它们的电压偏置，使得在第一小带隙层中产生足够的光激发电子，使得第二大带隙层在第一小带隙层处经历快速的绝缘体到金属的转变眼睛损伤的光强阈值。在成为金属状时，该层阻挡入射光。低于损伤阈值，快速响应组件是透明的。慢响应组件包括PLZT（镧改性的钛酸铅锆）或类似的电光快门。该组件在损伤阈值以下是透明的。最后，通过将这些缓慢而快速的响应部件嵌入合适的塑料护目镜中获得弹道和化学防护。

76. 发明授权

US4929841A Dynamic infrared target 失效
标题翻译：动态红外目标
公开(公告)号：US4929841A
公开(公告)日：1990-05-29
申请号：US249143
申请日：1988-09-26
申请人： David B. Chang
发明人： David B. Chang
IPC分类号： F41J2/02 , G02F2/02
CPC分类号： G02F2/02 , F41J2/02
摘要： An inexpensive broadband dynamic IR target with a fast response time, good spatial resolution, and adequate dynamic range is disclosed. The IR target is made by coating a thin photo-conductive film on a transparent insulator. The emissivity of the film-substrate block is changed by irradiating the block with a visible image of the desired IR image. The image temperature varies from the block temperature T by an amount related to the photo-conductivity produced change in the emissivity.

77. 发明授权

US4894623A Compact tunable RF generator using a current carrying diffraction grating 失效
$Compact tunable RF generator using a current carrying diffraction grating$
标题翻译：紧凑型可调谐RF发生器，使用载流衍射光栅
公开(公告)号：US4894623A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-16
申请号：US223990
申请日：1988-07-25
申请人： David B. Chang
发明人： David B. Chang
IPC分类号： H01Q13/20
CPC分类号： H01Q13/20
摘要： A compact tunable generator of radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic energy is disclosed. A thin conducting film is applied to a diffraction grating formed from a nonconducting substrate. A voltage source is applied to the film so that a current flows in the convoluted plane of the film in a direction perpendicular to the grooves of the grating. The frequency of the RF energy radiated by this system is determined both by the grating spacing and the applied voltage. The power levels are adequate for testing sensitive receiver systems over a wide range of frequencies.
摘要翻译：公开了一种射频（RF）电磁能的紧凑型可调谐发生器。将薄导电膜施加到由不导电基板形成的衍射光栅。将电压源施加到膜上，使得电流在垂直于光栅槽的方向上在膜的回旋平面中流动。由该系统辐射的RF能量的频率由光栅间隔和施加电压确定。功率电平足以在宽频率范围内测试敏感的接收机系统。

78. 发明授权

US4782494A Method of providing continuous lasing operation 失效
标题翻译：提供连续激光操作的方法
公开(公告)号：US4782494A
公开(公告)日：1988-11-01
申请号：US868929
申请日：1986-05-30
申请人： Slava A. Pollack , David B. Chang
发明人： Slava A. Pollack , David B. Chang
IPC分类号： H01S3/091 , H01S3/093 , H01S3/16 , H01S3/09
CPC分类号： H01S3/093 , H01S3/1608 , H01S3/1645
摘要： The method of producing at least quasi-continuous lasing operation between initial and terminal lasing states comprising the steps of selecting a laser medium and cavity configuration (lasing frequency) with the laser medium containing upconverting material which provides for the exchange of energy between sufficient number of electrons at the terminal lasing state (manifold) so as to maintain population inversion between the initial and terminal lasing states during the lasing operation; and applying excitation energy of a suitable amount to the laser medium during at least a quasi-continuous time period.
摘要翻译：在初始和末端激光状态之间产生至少准连续激光运行的方法，包括以下步骤：用包含上变频材料的激光介质选择激光介质和空腔配置（激光频率），所述激光介质提供足够数量的电子在端子激光状态（歧管），以便在激光操作期间保持初始和末端激光状态之间的总体反转; 以及在至少准连续时间段期间将适当量的激发能量施加到激光介质。

79. 发明授权

US3942975A Method and apparatus for reducing matter to constituent elements and separating one of the elements from the other elements 失效
标题翻译：用于将物质还原成组成元件并将元件与其它元件分离的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US3942975A
公开(公告)日：1976-03-09
申请号：US269634
申请日：1972-07-07
申请人： James E. Drummond , David B. Chang , Derek W. Mahaffey
发明人： James E. Drummond , David B. Chang , Derek W. Mahaffey
IPC分类号： B01J19/12 , C22B4/00 , C22D7/00 , B01K1/00 , B03C1/10
CPC分类号： C22B4/005
摘要： A method and apparatus for reducing matter, particularly chemical compounds, to constituent elements in a high temperature environment (a plasma) and separating one of the elements from the other elements. Reduction is effected by raising the input compound to a high temperature -- thermally disassociating it. Separation is effected by partly ionizing one of the species (elements) to be separated and moving the resultant mixture of gas and plasma at a velocity (v) through a magnetic field (B) having a vector component (B.sub..vertline.) perpendicular to the plasma velocity vector. The interaction of the perpendicular and parallel components of the magnetic field with the ions and electrons in the plasma produces a separating force perpendicular to the direction of plasma flow. The separating force acts on the entire specie which is significantly ionized even though it is only partially ionized. Axial symmetry is maintained so that a space charge does not build up and destroy the flow of electric current in a direction transverse to the plasma flow.
摘要翻译：一种用于将物质，特别是化合物还原成高温环境（等离子体）中的组成元素并将其中一种元素与其它元素分离的方法和装置。通过将输入的化合物升高至高温 - 使其分解而实现还原。通过部分电离待分离的物质（元素）中的一种进行分离，并以所述速度（v）将所得到的气体和等离子体的混合物通过具有垂直于所述物质（B）的矢量分量（B + 234）的磁场等离子体速度矢量。磁场的垂直和平行分量与等离子体中的离子和电子的相互作用产生垂直于等离子体流动方向的分离力。分离力作用于整个物质，即使仅部分离子化，该分离力也显着离子化。保持轴向对称性，使得空间电荷不会在横向于等离子体流的方向上积累并破坏电流。

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