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    • 62. 发明专利
      NL84948C  未知
    • NL84948C
    • 1957-04-15
    • NL194047
    • 1956-11-15
    • C08F2/00 , C08F4/42 , C08F4/44 , C08F4/50 , C08F4/64 , C08F4/68 , C08F4/78 , C08F6/02 , C08F10/00 , C08F36/02 , C08F110/02 , C10M159/22 , D01D1/06 , D01F6/04 , F02B3/06 , H01B3/44 , H01B7/14 , H01B7/28 , H01B11/00 , H01B11/18 , H01J13/10
    • A catalyst suitable for the polymerization of ethylene (see Group IV (a)) is formed by mixing an organo-metallic compound of magnesium or zinc with a compound of a Group IVa, Va or VIa metal, including thorium and uranium. The organo-metallic compounds specified are magnesium and zinc alkyls and aryls, such as the dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl and dibutyl compounds, and halogen derivatives thereof such as Grignard compounds and the corresponding zinc compounds, e.g. magnesium butyl and propyl chlorides, and magnesium phenyl bromide-these latter compounds preferably being ether-free. Group IVa, Va and VIa metal compounds disclosed are: the halides, such as the chlorides and bromides; oxyhalides such as the oxychloride; complex halides such as the complex fluorides; freshly precipitated oxides and hydroxides; and organic compounds, such as alkoxides (e.g. titanic acid tetrabutyl ester), acetates, benzoates and acetyl acetonates. Suitable metals for such compounds are Ti, Zr, Hf, Th, V, U, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and W. Inert solvents which may be present include pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, paraffins, diesel oil, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichlorobenzene, chlorinated naphthalene, dibutyl ether, dioxane, and tetrahydrofurane. Catalyst formation is preferably conducted in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen. Following polymerization the catalyst may be destroyed with methanol and methanolic hydrochloric acid or steam distillation in the presence of hydrochloric acid.ALSO:Ethylene is polymerized with a catalyst formed by mixing an organo-metallic compound of magnesium or zinc with a compound of a Group IVa, Va or VIa metal, including thorium and uranium. Organometallic compounds specified are magnesium and zinc alkyls and aryls, such as the dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl and dibutyl compounds, and halogen derivatives thereof such as Grignard compounds and the corresponding zinc compounds, e.g. magnesium butyl and propyl chlorides, and magnesium phenyl bromide; these latter being preferably ether free. Groups IVa, Va and VIa metal compounds disclosed are: the halides, such as the chlorides and bromides; oxyhalides such as the oxychloride; complex halides such as the complex fluorides; freshly precipitated oxides and hydroxides; and organic compounds, such as alkoxides (e.g. titanic acid tetrabutyl ester), acetates, benzoates and acetyl acetonates. An inert solvent is preferably used and listed are pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, paraffins, diesel oil, benzene, toluene, xylene, dichlorobenzene, chlorinated naphthalene, dibutyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofurane. The ethylene may be pure or in admixture with gases, such as ethane and propane, produced in cracking or in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Catalyst formation and polymerization is preferably conducted in an inert atmosphere. The polymerization process is operable at normal pressures and temperatures and products of molecular weight up to 3,000,000 and of high melting point may be obtained. The examples illustrate the continuous and intermittent addition of ethylene and the purification of the products/destruction of catalyst with methanol and methanolic hydrochloric acid, or by steam distillation in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The polyethylenes may be stretched in the cold and applications given are sheets, foils, threads, fibres and filaments.
    • 基本信息 添加关注 加入工作空间 PDF全文 PDF下载 全文下载 相似专利 双屏查看 权利要求书 说明书全文 Espacenet 法律信息 同族专利 专利引用
    • 65. 发明专利
      BE543912A  未知
    • BE543912A
    • 1956-06-23
    • BE543912
    • 1955-12-23
    • B65G65/00 , C08F2/00 , C08F4/42 , C08F4/44 , C08F4/50 , C08F4/64 , C08F4/68 , C08F4/78 , C08F6/02 , C08F10/00 , C08F36/02 , C08F110/02 , C08F210/00 , C10M159/22 , D01D1/06 , D01F6/04 , F02B3/06 , H01B3/44 , H01B7/14 , H01B7/28 , H01B11/00 , H01B11/18 , H01J13/10
    • Catalysts for the polymerization of ethylene comprise a mixture of aluminium trialkyl and a compound of a metal of the a-sub groups of Groups IV to VI of the Periodic Table. Aluminium trialkyls with alkyl radicals containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, such as may be obtained by the union of ethylene with triethylaluminium and corresponding to trioctyl or dodecyl aluminium are used preferably in an amount formed by mixing from 2 mm. to 3 mm. mols. of aluminium trialkyl with n mols. of metal compound where n is the valency of the metal in the compound. Compounds of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, thorium, uranium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten such as zirconium or titanium, tetrachloride, oxychloride and acetyl acetonate are mentioned. In examples, titanium and uranium tetrachloride, zirconium tetrabromide, tantalum pentachloride, tungsten hexachloride, potassium titanium hexafluoride, zirconium and titanium oxyhydrate, zirconium tetrabutylate, and zirconium, thorium, vanadium, chromium and molybdenum acetyl acetonates are used and the mixtures may be prepared in suspension or solution by the addition, optionally dropwise, of the metal compound to the trialkylaluminium in solvents such as liquid paraffin, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, diesel oil, tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, benzene, xylene, o-dichlorobenzene, chlorinated naphthalene, dibutyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofurane. The reaction is carried out in the presence of solvents at pressures below 100 atmospheres and below 100 DEG C. High molecular weight polyethylenes, preferably above 10,000 and from 300,000 to 3,000,000, with a melting point above 130 DEG C. and insoluble in the usual organic solvents, and with a highly crystalline linear structure are obtained, and films and fibres may be extruded. Specifications 713,081 and 773,536, [both in Group IV (a)], are referred to.ALSO:High molecular weight polyethylenes are prepared by contacting gaseous ethylene with a mixture of an aluminium trialkyl and a compound of the a sub-group of Groups IV to VI of the Periodic Table, at low pressure and temperature, e.g. below 100 atmospheres and 100 DEG C. Pure ethylene or mixtures obtained by cracking mixtures of saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. ethane and propane, or of petroleum and its fractions or gases from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis may be used. The catalysts comprise aluminium trialkyl preferably in which the alkyl group contains 2 to 12 carbon atoms, such as is produced by the union of ethylene with triethylaluminium corresponding to trioctyl, and dodecyl, and in an amount of from 2 mm. to 3 mm. mols. of aluminium trialkyl with m. mols. of metal compound where n is the valency of the metal in the compound. Compounds of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, thorium, uranium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten such as zirconium or titanium tetrachloride, oxychloride and acetyl acetonate are mentioned. In examples, titanium and uranium tetrachloride, zirconium tetrabromide, tantalum pentachloride, tungsten hexachloride, potassium titanium hexafluoride, titanium and zirconium oxyhydrate, zirconium tetrabutylate, and zirconium, thorium vanadium, chromium and molybdenum acetyl acetonates are used in suspension or solution in solvents such as liquid paraffin, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, diesel oil, tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, benzene, xylene, o - dichlorobenzene, chlorinated naphthalene, dibutyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofurane. The reactions are performed in an autoclave in the absence of air or under nitrogen to which the catalyst or ethylene may be added portionwise or in one amount, and the polymer is extracted with solvents, e.g. methanol, methanol-hydrochloric acid, acetone and benzene and filtered to yield a powdered or filament product. The products have a highly crystalline linear structure, with practically no branched chains and not more than three methyl groups per hundred methylene groups, a molecular weight preferably above 10,000, which may range from 300,000 to 3,000,000, a melting point above 130 DEG C. and are insoluble in the usual organic solvents. Films or strips may be extruded and filaments spun from the molten material. Specifications 763,081 and 773,536 are referred to.
    • 基本信息 添加关注 加入工作空间 PDF全文 PDF下载 全文下载 相似专利 双屏查看 权利要求书 说明书全文 Espacenet 法律信息 同族专利 专利引用
    • 70. 发明专利
      GB665469A Improvements in and relating to electric discharge devices 未知
    • Improvements in and relating to electric discharge devices
    • GB665469A
    • 1952-01-23
    • GB2793448
    • 1948-10-27
    • ENGLISH ELECTRIC CO LTD
    • SMART DAVID LORIMER
    • H01J13/10
    • 665,469. Metal-vapour discharge apparatus. ENGLISH ELECTRIC CO.; Ltd. Oct. 21, 1949 [Oct. 27, 1948], No. 27934/48. Class 39 (i). The liquid-cathode of an electric discharge device, cooled by air convection and radiation, is provided with heat-absorbing means whereby, when starting from cold under normal load conditions, its temperature is maintained below normal until the anode has reached its normal operating temperature. A mercury rectifier has a steel cathode vessel 2, sealed to the envelope in accordance with Specification 666,468, and a grid 4 which supports through a glass bead 6 a movable electrode 5 for striking and maintaining the arc; the leading-in wires 7 are sealed through the vessel 2 by welded eyelets and are coated with glass. Exhaustion is effected through the eyelet 10 finally sealed by the glass tube 11. A reinforcing steel plate 12, apertured to house the leading-in wires, is copper brazed to the vessel 2, and a heatabsorbing block 13, provided with cooling fins 14 and a screwed hole 16 for a connecting bolt, is secured thereto by screws 15. The volume of the heat-absorbing means should be not less than that of the cathode liquid, and should increase the heat-absorbing capacity of the cathode at least three times. Forced-air cooling may be used.
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