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51. 发明授权

US07489817B2 Background maintenance of an image sequence 有权
标题翻译：图像序列的后台维护
公开(公告)号：US07489817B2
公开(公告)日：2009-02-10
申请号：US11255447
申请日：2005-10-22
申请人： Kentaro Toyama , John C. Krumm , Barry L. Brumitt , Brian R. Meyers
发明人： Kentaro Toyama , John C. Krumm , Barry L. Brumitt , Brian R. Meyers
IPC分类号： G06K9/34 , G06K9/46 , G06K9/66
CPC分类号： G06K9/38 , G06T7/11 , G06T7/174 , G06T7/194 , G06T2207/10016 , G06T2207/20016 , G06T2207/20081
摘要： An image background maintenance system and method for maintaining a background model of an image sequence by processing on multiple spatial scales. These multiple spatial scales include a pixel scale, a regional scale and a frame scale. The image sequence undergoes pixel processing that determines a current background model and provides an initial pixel assignment as either a background or a foreground pixel. Region processing further refines the initial pixel assignments by considering relationships between pixels and possibly reassigning pixels. Frame processing further refines the current background model by determining whether a substantial change has occurred in the actual background and, if so, providing a more accurate background model.
摘要翻译：一种用于通过在多个空间尺度上处理来维护图像序列的背景模型的图像背景维护系统和方法。这些多个空间尺度包括像素尺度，区域尺度和帧尺度。图像序列经历像素处理，其确定当前背景模型，并将初始像素分配提供为背景或前景像素。区域处理通过考虑像素之间的关系和可能重新分配的像素进一步优化初始像素分配。帧处理通过确定在实际背景中是否发生实质性变化而进一步优化当前背景模型，如果是，则提供更准确的背景模型。

52. 发明申请

US20080107344A1 SYSTEM AND METHOD PROVIDING SUBPIXEL-EDGE-OFFSET-BASED DETERMINATION OF OPACITY 有权
标题翻译：提供基于边缘边缘偏移的系统和方法的可行性确定
公开(公告)号：US20080107344A1
公开(公告)日：2008-05-08
申请号：US11965821
申请日：2007-12-28
申请人： Andrew Blake , Kentaro Toyama
发明人： Andrew Blake , Kentaro Toyama
IPC分类号： G06K9/40 , G06K9/48
CPC分类号： G06T11/001 , G06T7/12 , G06T7/194
摘要： A system is provided for selecting a foreground region of an image, given a set of pixels defining the boundary of the foreground region of the image. The system includes a component to determine a foreground value (F) and opacity value (α) for each pixel on the set wherein α is determined via a subpixel edge-offset to facilitate a separation the foreground region from background portions of the image. The foreground value (F) and opacity value (α) are then employed to smoothly mix the foreground region of the image with a subsequent image background region.
摘要翻译：给定一组定义图像的前景区域的边界的像素的集合，用于选择图像的前景区域。该系统包括用于确定集合上的每个像素的前景值（F）和不透明度值（α）的组件，其中通过子像素边缘偏移来确定α，以便于将前景区域与图像的背景部分分离。然后使用前景值（F）和不透明度值（alpha）来平滑地将图像的前景区域与随后的图像背景区域进行混合。

53. 发明授权

US07315647B2 System and method providing subpixel-edge-offset-based determination of opacity 有权
公开(公告)号：US07315647B2
公开(公告)日：2008-01-01
申请号：US10967722
申请日：2004-10-18
申请人： Andrew Blake , Kentaro Toyama
发明人： Andrew Blake , Kentaro Toyama
IPC分类号： G06K9/34
CPC分类号： G06T11/001 , G06T7/12 , G06T7/194
摘要： A system is provided for selecting a foreground region of an image, given a set of pixels defining the boundary of the foreground region of the image. The system includes a component to determine a foreground value (F) and opacity value (α) for each pixel on the set wherein α is determined via a subpixel edge-offset to facilitate a separation the foreground region from background portions of the image. The foreground value (F) and opacity value (α) are then employed to smoothly mix the foreground region of the image with a subsequent image background region.

54. 发明申请

US20070171915A1 Cost-aware networking over heterogeneous data channels 失效
标题翻译：异构数据通道的成本感知网络
公开(公告)号：US20070171915A1
公开(公告)日：2007-07-26
申请号：US11342147
申请日：2006-01-26
申请人： Kentaro Toyama , Rohan Murty , Chandramohan Thekkath , Ranveer Chandra
发明人： Kentaro Toyama , Rohan Murty , Chandramohan Thekkath , Ranveer Chandra
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L47/762 , H04L47/15 , H04L47/70 , H04L47/788 , H04L47/826
摘要： Disclosed herein are scheduling techniques for transmitting time-critical data in a cost-aware manner over a network comprising a plurality of heterogeneous transmission interfaces. The scheduling problem is formulated as a linear programming problem with the deliver-by deadlines of the various data blocks as hard constraints and minimizing cost set as an objective (soft) constraint. The problem is simplified by assuming data blocks with the earliest deadlines should be scheduled first and the most aggressive interfaces should be used first. To formulate the linear programming problem, the time domain is divided into bins and various bin-level schedules are enumerated for switching the transmission of the data over various transmission interfaces. The linear programming techniques are applied to the various bin configurations and the least costly of the resulting transmission schedule is selected for submission to a switching layer.
摘要翻译：这里公开了用于通过包括多个异构传输接口的网络以成本感知方式传送时间关键数据的调度技术。调度问题被形成为作为硬约束的各种数据块的交付期限的线性规划问题，并且将成本设定为目标（软）约束的最小化。通过假设最早的最后期限的数据块应该首先被调度并且应该首先使用最积极的接口来简化问题。为了制定线性规划问题，将时域划分成箱体，并列举各种二进制计划，用于切换各种传输接口上的数据传输。线性编程技术被应用于各种箱体配置，并且选择最终的传输调度成本最低以提交给切换层。

55. 发明申请

US20070153017A1 Semantics-guided non-photorealistic rendering of images 审中-公开
标题翻译：语义引导的非真实感的图像渲染
公开(公告)号：US20070153017A1
公开(公告)日：2007-07-05
申请号：US11325250
申请日：2006-01-03
申请人： Kentaro Toyama , Neeharika Adabala
发明人： Kentaro Toyama , Neeharika Adabala
IPC分类号： G09G5/00
CPC分类号： G06T15/02
摘要： A facility for semantics-guided non-photorealistic rendering is described. In various embodiments, the facility receives a set of objects that are to be rendered in a non-photorealistic manner. For each received object, the facility determines whether the object has an associated indication of a feature type and, when the object has an associated indication of a feature type, employs a transformation function corresponding to the indicated feature type to render the object in a non-photorealistic style provided by the transformation function.
摘要翻译：描述了一种用于语义指导的非真实感渲染的设施。在各种实施例中，设施接收将以非真实感的方式呈现的一组对象。对于每个接收到的对象，设备确定对象是否具有相关联的特征类型的指示，并且当对象具有特征类型的相关联的指示时，采用与所指示的特征类型相对应的变换函数来将对象呈现为非特征类型，由转换功能提供的逼真风格。

56. 发明授权

US07136525B1 System and method for background maintenance of an image sequence 有权
标题翻译：用于图像序列的后台维护的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07136525B1
公开(公告)日：2006-11-14
申请号：US09400346
申请日：1999-09-20
申请人： Kentaro Toyama , John C. Krumm , Barry L. Brumitt , Brian R. Meyers
发明人： Kentaro Toyama , John C. Krumm , Barry L. Brumitt , Brian R. Meyers
IPC分类号： G06K9/34 , G06K9/46 , G06K9/66
CPC分类号： G06K9/38 , G06T7/11 , G06T7/174 , G06T7/194 , G06T2207/10016 , G06T2207/20016 , G06T2207/20081
摘要： The present invention is embodied in a system and method for maintaining a background model of an image sequence by processing on multiple spatial scales. These multiple spatial scales include a pixel scale, a regional scale and a frame scale. The image sequence undergoes pixel processing that determines a current background model and provides an initial pixel assignment as either a background or a foreground pixel. Region processing further refines the initial pixel assignments by considering relationships between pixels and possibly reassigning pixels. Frame processing further refines the current background model by determining whether a substantial change has occurred in the actual background and, if so, providing a more accurate background model.
摘要翻译：本发明体现在通过在多个空间尺度上进行处理来保持图像序列的背景模型的系统和方法。这些多个空间尺度包括像素尺度，区域尺度和帧尺度。图像序列经历像素处理，其确定当前背景模型，并将初始像素分配提供为背景或前景像素。区域处理通过考虑像素之间的关系和可能重新分配的像素进一步优化初始像素分配。帧处理通过确定在实际背景中是否发生实质性变化而进一步优化当前背景模型，如果是，则提供更准确的背景模型。

57. 发明申请

US20060193494A1 MACHINE VISION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ESTIMATING AND TRACKING FACIAL POSE 有权
公开(公告)号：US20060193494A1
公开(公告)日：2006-08-31
申请号：US11382012
申请日：2006-05-05
申请人： Kentaro Toyama
发明人： Kentaro Toyama
IPC分类号： G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G06K9/00228 , G06K9/32 , G06K2009/3291 , G06T7/277 , G06T7/74
摘要： System and method for estimating and tracking an orientation of a user's face by combining head tracking and face detection techniques. The orientation of the face, or facial pose, can be expressed in terms of pitch, roll and yaw of the user's head. Facial pose information can be used, for example, to ascertain in which direction the user is looking. In general, the facial pose estimation method obtains a position of the head and a position of the face and compares the two to obtain the facial pose. In particular, a camera is used to obtain an image containing a user's head. Any movement of the user's head is tracked and the head position is determined. A face then is detected on the head and the face position is determined. The head and face positions then are compared.

58. 发明申请

US20060107297A1 System and method for exchanging images 有权
标题翻译：用于交换图像的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20060107297A1
公开(公告)日：2006-05-18
申请号：US11251041
申请日：2005-10-14
申请人： Kentaro Toyama , David Vronay , Padmanabhan Anandan
发明人： Kentaro Toyama , David Vronay , Padmanabhan Anandan
IPC分类号： H04N7/173
CPC分类号： H04L67/306 , G06F17/30265 , H04N1/00132 , H04N1/00137 , H04N1/00148 , H04N1/00172 , H04N1/00244 , H04N5/765 , H04N5/77 , H04N5/781 , H04N5/85 , H04N5/907 , H04N5/9201 , Y10S707/99933
摘要： A system and method for providing a peer-to-peer photo-sharing environment. The system includes: manual and automatic photo annotation at the client; periodic client-server synchronization; an index of client photos on a central server or a photo database that is resident on the central server, which is updated by the client-server synchronization function; end-user search functionality to search the centralized index or photo database; and transmission of the relevant photos to the client via an on-line image cache. In one embodiment, one client's new photos are automatically displayed on another client's computer (e.g., via screen saver or another mechanism).
摘要翻译：一种用于提供对等照片共享环境的系统和方法。系统包括：客户端手动和自动照片注释; 定期客户端 - 服务器同步; 在中央服务器上的客户端照片的索引或驻留在中央服务器上的照片数据库，其由客户端 - 服务器同步功能更新; 最终用户搜索功能搜索集中式索引或照片数据库; 以及通过在线图像缓存将相关照片发送到客户端。在一个实施例中，一个客户端的新照片被自动显示在另一个客户端的计算机上（例如，通过屏幕保护程序或其他机构）。

59. 发明申请

US20060101377A1 Parsing location histories 有权
标题翻译：解析位置历史
公开(公告)号：US20060101377A1
公开(公告)日：2006-05-11
申请号：US10968861
申请日：2004-10-19
申请人： Kentaro Toyama , Ramaswamy Hariharan , Ross Cutler , John Douceur , Nuria Oliver , Eric Ringger , Daniel Robbins , Matthew Uyttendaele
发明人： Kentaro Toyama , Ramaswamy Hariharan , Ross Cutler , John Douceur , Nuria Oliver , Eric Ringger , Daniel Robbins , Matthew Uyttendaele
IPC分类号： G06F9/44 , G06F12/14 , G06F17/21 , G06F12/16 , G06F12/00 , G06F17/24
CPC分类号： G06Q30/02
摘要： A location history is a collection of locations over time for an object. A stay is a single instance of an object spending some time in one place, and a destination is any place where one or more objects have experienced a stay. Location histories are parsed using stays and destinations. In a described implementation, each location of a location history is recorded as a spatial position and a corresponding time at which the spatial position is acquired. Stays are extracted from a location history by analyzing locations thereof with regard to a temporal threshold and a spatial threshold. Specifically, two or more locations are considered a stay if they exceed a minimum stay duration and are within a maximum roaming distance. Each stay includes a location, a starting time, and an ending time. Destinations are produced from the extracted stays using a clustering operation and a predetermined scaling factor.
摘要翻译：位置历史记录是对象的一段时间内的位置集合。逗留是在一个地方花费一些时间的对象的单个实例，目的地是一个或多个对象经历了逗留的任何地方。使用停留和目的地解析位置历史记录。在描述的实现中，将位置历史的每个位置记录为空间位置和获取空间位置的对应时间。通过相对于时间阈值和空间阈值分析其位置，从位置历史中提取静止。具体来说，如果两个或多个位置超过最小停留持续时间并处于最大漫游距离内，则将其视为停留。每个住宿包括一个位置，一个起始时间和一个结束时间。使用聚类操作和预定缩放因子从所提取的逗留中产生目的地。

60. 发明申请

US20060093188A1 Probabilistic exemplar-based pattern tracking 有权
标题翻译：基于概率模式的模式跟踪
公开(公告)号：US20060093188A1
公开(公告)日：2006-05-04
申请号：US11298798
申请日：2005-12-09
申请人： Andrew Blake , Kentaro Toyama
发明人： Andrew Blake , Kentaro Toyama
IPC分类号： G06K9/00 , G06K9/62
CPC分类号： G06K9/6255 , G06K2009/3291 , G06T7/277
摘要： The present invention involves a new system and method for probabilistic exemplar-based tracking of patterns or objects. Tracking is accomplished by first extracting a set of exemplars from training data. The exemplars are then clustered using conventional statistical techniques. Such clustering techniques include k-medoids clustering which is based on a distance function for determining the distance or similarity between the exemplars. A dimensionality for each exemplar cluster is then estimated and used for generating a probabilistic likelihood function for each exemplar cluster. Any of a number of conventional tracking algorithms is then used in combination with the exemplars and the probabilistic likelihood functions for tracking patterns or objects in a sequence of images, or in a space, or frequency domain.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种用于模式或对象的概率示例性跟踪的新系统和方法。通过首先从训练数据提取一组样本来实现跟踪。然后使用常规统计技术将样本聚类。这种聚类技术包括基于用于确定样本之间的距离或相似性的距离函数的k-聚类聚类。然后估计每个样本簇的维数，并用于为每个样本簇生成概率似然函数。然后将许多常规跟踪算法中的任何一种与用于跟踪图像序列中的图案或物体的样本和概率似然函数组合使用，或者在空间或频域中使用。

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