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51. 发明授权

US06491420B1 Addressable vehicular lighting system 失效
标题翻译：可寻址车辆照明系统
公开(公告)号：US06491420B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-10
申请号：US09590523
申请日：2000-06-08
申请人： Donald R. Scifres
发明人： Donald R. Scifres
IPC分类号： F21V800
CPC分类号： G02B6/0001 , B60Q1/0011 , Y10S362/80
摘要： A vehicle with a plurality of individually addressable light sources, preferably semiconductor laser light sources or light emitting diodes, each of which produce a beam of light, are optically coupled to a fiber optic waveguide. The laser light sources are grouped together preferably at a single location within the vehicle for easy access and conveniently located within the vehicle. Fiber waveguides distally transmits the beams to the optical loads of the vehicle, including the brake lights, taillights, instrumentation lights and turn signals. Each fiber optic waveguide may be a single optical fiber, such as a multimode fiber, having a numerical aperture large enough to receive illumination from a plurality of light sources. In cases where some optical loads require a larger flux or brightness of light, such as vehicular headlights, which may greater than a single optic fiber can transmit, the waveguide may comprise of a bundle of optical fibers. Multiple light sources to a single optical output load allows switching to another operational light source or increase the intensity of remaining light sources should one light source fail. In this manner, the operational life of the vehicular lighting system is increased. Also disclosed is circuitry for operating applications of the system as well as illustrating the employment of color wavelength laser light sources.
摘要翻译：具有多个独立寻址的光源的车辆，优选半导体激光光源或发光二极管，其每一个产生光束，光学耦合到光纤波导。激光光源优选地在车辆内的单个位置分组，以便于接近并且方便地位于车辆内。光纤波导将光束向远端传输到车辆的光学负载，包括制动灯，尾灯，仪表灯和转向信号。每个光纤波导可以是单个光纤，例如多模光纤，其具有足够大的数值孔径以接收来自多个光源的照明。在一些光学负载需要较大的光通量或亮度的情况下，例如大于单个光纤可以传输的车辆头灯，波导可以包括一束光纤。单个光输出负载的多个光源允许切换到另一个操作光源，或者如果一个光源发生故障，则增加剩余光源的强度。以这种方式，车辆照明系统的使用寿命增加。还公开了用于操作系统的应用的电路以及说明使用彩色波长激光光源。

52. 再颁专利

USRE37354E1 Semiconductor laser with integral spatial mode filter 有权
标题翻译：具有积分空间模式滤波器的半导体激光器
公开(公告)号：USRE37354E1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-04
申请号：US09418905
申请日：1999-10-15
申请人： David F. Welch , David G. Mehuys , Donald R. Scifres
发明人： David F. Welch , David G. Mehuys , Donald R. Scifres
IPC分类号： H01S319
CPC分类号： H01S5/1014 , G02B6/12004 , G02B6/305 , H01S3/0818 , H01S3/113 , H01S5/026 , H01S5/0286 , H01S5/0425 , H01S5/0625 , H01S5/06256 , H01S5/065 , H01S5/0655 , H01S5/10 , H01S5/1003 , H01S5/1064 , H01S5/1082 , H01S5/1085 , H01S5/1215 , H01S5/125 , H01S5/14 , H01S5/141 , H01S5/146 , H01S5/18 , H01S5/187 , H01S5/20 , H01S5/2036 , H01S5/2063 , H01S5/4025 , H01S5/4062 , H01S5/4087 , H01S5/50 , H01S2301/166
摘要： A semiconductor laser having a light amplifying diode heterostructure with a flared gain region in an external resonant cavity. The flared gain region has a narrow aperture end which may be coupled to a single mode waveguide and a wide output end. A light emitting surface of the heterostructure proximate to the wide end of the flared gain region is partially reflective and combines with an external reflector to form a resonant cavity that is effectively unstable. The intracavity light-emitting surface proximate to the narrow aperture end is antireflection coated. The external reflector may be a planar mirror or a grating reflector. A lens or an optical fiber may couple the aperture end of the flared gain region to the external reflector. Frequency-selective feedback is provided by orienting the grating reflector or providing a prism in the cavity in front of the external planar mirror. Other filtering elements may also be placed in the external cavity. The flared gain region and waveguide may be differentially pumped or modulated with current provided by separate contacts.
摘要翻译：一种具有在外部谐振腔中具有扩张增益区的光放大二极管异质结构的半导体激光器。扩口增益区域具有窄孔径端，其可以耦合到单模波导和宽输出端。接近扩张增益区域的宽端的异质结构的发光表面是部分反射的，并且与外部反射器组合以形成有效不稳定的谐振腔。靠近窄孔径的腔内发光表面是抗反射涂层的。外部反射器可以是平面镜或光栅反射器。透镜或光纤可将扩张增益区域的孔径端耦合到外部反射器。通过定向光栅反射器或在外部平面镜的前面的空腔中提供棱镜来提供频率选择反馈。其它过滤元件也可以放置在外部空腔中。扩张增益区域和波导可以通过由单独的触点提供的电流进行差分泵浦或调制。

53. 发明授权

US5894492A Semiconductor laser with integral spatial mode filter 失效
标题翻译：具有积分空间模式滤波器的半导体激光器
公开(公告)号：US5894492A
公开(公告)日：1999-04-13
申请号：US767092
申请日：1996-12-16
申请人： David F. Welch , David G. Mehuys , Donald R. Scifres
发明人： David F. Welch , David G. Mehuys , Donald R. Scifres
IPC分类号： H01S3/081 , H01S3/23 , H01S5/026 , H01S5/042 , H01S5/0625 , H01S5/065 , H01S5/10 , H01S5/12 , H01S5/125 , H01S5/14 , H01S5/18 , H01S5/187 , H01S5/20 , H01S5/40 , H01S5/50 , H01S3/19
CPC分类号： H01S5/1014 , G02B6/305 , H01S5/026 , H01S5/065 , H01S5/10 , H01S5/141 , H01S5/20 , G02B6/12004 , H01S2301/166 , H01S3/0818 , H01S3/113 , H01S5/0286 , H01S5/0425 , H01S5/0625 , H01S5/06256 , H01S5/0655 , H01S5/1003 , H01S5/1064 , H01S5/1082 , H01S5/1085 , H01S5/1215 , H01S5/125 , H01S5/14 , H01S5/146 , H01S5/18 , H01S5/187 , H01S5/2036 , H01S5/2063 , H01S5/4025 , H01S5/4062 , H01S5/4087 , H01S5/50
摘要： A semiconductor laser having a light amplifying diode heterostructure with a flared gain region in an narrow aperture end whoch may be coupled to a single mode waveguide and a wide output end. A light emitting surface of the heterostructure proximate to the wide end of the flared gain region is partially reflective and combines with an external reflector to form a resonant cavity that is effectively unstable. The intracavity light-emitting surface proximate to the narrow aperture end is antireflection coated. The external reflector may be a planar mirror or a grating reflector. A lens or an optical fiber may couple the aperture end of the flared gain region to the external reflector. Frequency-selective feedback is provided by orienting the grating reflector or providing a prism in the cavity in front of the external planar mirror. Other filtering elements may also be placed in the external cavity. The flared gain region and waveguide may be differentially pumped or modulated with current provided by separate contacts.
摘要翻译：具有光放大二极管异质结构的半导体激光器，其在窄孔径端部中的扩张增益区域可以耦合到单模波导和宽输出端。接近扩张增益区域的宽端的异质结构的发光表面是部分反射的，并且与外部反射器组合以形成有效不稳定的谐振腔。靠近窄孔径的腔内发光表面是抗反射涂层的。外部反射器可以是平面镜或光栅反射器。透镜或光纤可将扩张增益区域的孔径端耦合到外部反射器。通过定向光栅反射器或在外部平面镜的前面的空腔中提供棱镜来提供频率选择反馈。其它过滤元件也可以放置在外部空腔中。扩张增益区域和波导可以通过由单独的触点提供的电流进行差分泵浦或调制。

54. 发明授权

US5689123A III-V aresenide-nitride semiconductor materials and devices 失效
标题翻译： III-V族砷化物半导体材料和器件
公开(公告)号：US5689123A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-18
申请号：US724321
申请日：1996-10-01
申请人： Jo S. Major , David F. Welch , Donald R. Scifres
发明人： Jo S. Major , David F. Welch , Donald R. Scifres
IPC分类号： C23C16/30 , H01L33/32 , H01S5/323 , H01L29/205
CPC分类号： H01S5/3235 , C23C16/303 , C30B25/02 , C30B29/40 , H01L33/32 , H01S5/32 , H01S5/323 , H01S5/32341 , H01S5/32366 , H01S5/32375
摘要： III-V arsenide-nitride semiconductor crystals, methods for producing such crystals and devices employing such crystals. Group III elements are combined with group V elements, including at least nitrogen and arsenic, in concentrations chosen to lattice match commercially available crystalline substrates. Epitaxial growth of these III-V crystals results in direct bandgap materials, which can be used in applications such as light emitting diodes and lasers. Varying the concentrations of the elements in the III-V crystals varies the bandgaps, such that materials emitting light spanning the visible spectra, as well as mid-IR and near-UV emitters, can be created. Conversely, such material can be used to create devices that acquire light and convert the light to electricity, for applications such as full color photodetectors and solar energy collectors. The growth of the III-V crystals can be accomplished by growing thin layers of elements or compounds in sequences that result in the overall lattice match and bandgap desired.
摘要翻译： III-V族氮化物半导体晶体，这种晶体的制造方法和使用这种晶体的器件。 III族元素与V族元素组合，包括至少氮和砷，其浓度选择为与市售的晶体基质匹配。这些III-V晶体的外延生长导致直接的带隙材料，其可以用于诸如发光二极管和激光器的应用中。改变III-V晶体中元素的浓度会改变带隙，从而可以产生跨越可见光谱的光的材料，以及中红外和近紫外线发射器。相反，这种材料可用于产生获得光并将光转换成电的装置，用于诸如全色光电检测器和太阳能收集器的应用。 III-V晶体的生长可以通过在导致总体晶格匹配和带隙期望的序列中生长薄层的元素或化合物来实现。

55. 发明授权

US5544184A Semiconductor illumination system with expansion matched components 失效
标题翻译：半导体照明系统具有扩展匹配组件
公开(公告)号：US5544184A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-06
申请号：US258521
申请日：1994-06-10
申请人： Edmund L. Wolak , John Endriz , D. Philip Worland , David D. Dawson , Donald R. Scifres
发明人： Edmund L. Wolak , John Endriz , D. Philip Worland , David D. Dawson , Donald R. Scifres
IPC分类号： G02B6/42 , H01S3/00 , H01S5/00 , H01S5/022 , H01S3/18
CPC分类号： H01S3/005 , G02B6/4204 , H01S5/02252 , G02B6/4239 , H01S5/005
摘要： A semiconductor laser that includes a monolithic submount with a light emitting source aligned along one side thereby defining a radiation path over which the emitted light propagates. The submount includes two notches that flank the light emitting source. A micro-lens is mounted adjacent to the light emitting source by attaching to the submount with either epoxy or solder. Finally, the components of the semiconductor laser have matching coefficients of thermal expansion so that the optical alignment of the light emitting source and the micro-lens is maintained notwithstanding thermal cycling.
摘要翻译：一种半导体激光器，其包括具有沿着一侧对准的发光源的单片基座，从而限定发射的光在其上传播的辐射路径。底座包括位于发光源侧面的两个凹口。微透镜通过用环氧树脂或焊料附接到底座安装在发光源附近。最后，半导体激光器的部件具有匹配的热膨胀系数，使得发光源和微透镜的光学取向尽管保持热循环。

56. 发明授权

US5530709A Double-clad upconversion fiber laser 失效
标题翻译：双层上转换光纤激光器
公开(公告)号：US5530709A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-25
申请号：US301544
申请日：1994-09-06
申请人： Robert G. Waarts , David F. Welch , Steven Sanders , Donald R. Scifres
发明人： Robert G. Waarts , David F. Welch , Steven Sanders , Donald R. Scifres
IPC分类号： G02B6/036 , G02B6/42 , H01S3/067 , H01S3/094 , H01S3/0941 , H01S5/10 , H01S5/40 , H01S3/30
CPC分类号： G02B6/03638 , G02B6/03605 , G02B6/03633 , H01S3/06708 , H01S3/094003 , C03B2201/82 , C03B2203/12 , C03B2203/32 , G02B6/4204 , H01S3/06729 , H01S3/0675 , H01S3/094069 , H01S3/094092 , H01S3/0941 , H01S5/1064 , H01S5/4025
摘要： An upconversion fiber laser with a double-clad fiber is pumped with a laser-diode-based laser pump source, the inner cladding of the fiber forming a low transmission loss waveguide for the pump light. The central core of the fiber is doped with an active lasing ionic species capable of undergoing upconversion excitation, such as certain rare earth ionic species. The use of a double-clad fiber permits the use of high power, high brightness laser diodes, including those with broad emitting apertures, as well as high power diode laser pumped fiber lasers, as the pump source, thereby achieving higher pump intensities within the upconversion laser fiber and improved upconversion efficiency. Pump brightness can be further increased with multiple pump schemes which use multiple pump wavelengths in different absorption bands, multiple pump wavelengths within the same absorption band, pump light from pairs of cross-polarized sources, and pumping from both ends of the fiber.
摘要翻译：具有双包层光纤的上转换光纤激光器用基于激光二极管的激光泵浦泵浦，纤维的内包层形成用于泵浦光的低传输损耗波导。纤维的中心芯掺杂有能够经历上转换激发的活性激光离子物质，例如某些稀土离子物质。使用双包层光纤允许使用大功率，高亮度激光二极管，包括具有广泛发射孔的激光二极管，以及作为泵浦源的大功率二极管激光泵浦光纤激光器，从而实现更高的泵浦强度上转换激光光纤，提高转换效率。泵浦亮度可以通过多种泵方案进一步提高，这些泵方案在不同吸收带内使用多个泵浦波长，在同一吸收带内的多个泵浦波长，来自成对的交叉极化源的泵浦光以及来自光纤两端的泵浦。

57. 发明授权

US5520244A Micropost waste heat removal system 失效
标题翻译：微型废热除热系统
公开(公告)号：US5520244A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-28
申请号：US258955
申请日：1994-06-13
申请人： David C. Mundinger , Donald R. Scifres
发明人： David C. Mundinger , Donald R. Scifres
IPC分类号： F28D9/00 , F28D15/02 , H01L23/473 , H01L23/34
CPC分类号： F28D9/00 , F28D15/0266 , F28D15/046 , H01L23/473 , F28F2260/02 , H01L2924/0002 , H01S5/024 , H01S5/02423
摘要： A cooling device formed in a thermally conductive substrate having a microstructure, such as a plurality of thermally conductive posts spaced apart by dimensions that induce capillary action in a liquid coolant. The posts extend away from the heated region and a space between the posts is supplied with liquid coolant which is contained by a meniscus near the tips of the posts. The coolant vaporizes at the meniscus and absorbs heat but, due to increased pressure in the coolant contained by the meniscus, does not boil within the space between the posts, allowing more liquid coolant contact with the thermally conductive substrate and posts. The vaporized coolant may be discharged into the air or into a chamber adjoining the tips having a lower pressure for removal of additional heat by gaseous expansion. The discharge of gaseous coolant allows the capillary flow of the liquid coolant in the space to be unimpeded, and the flow of liquid coolant may be augmented by a fluid pump. The gaseous coolant may be in thermal contact with a condenser that liquefies the coolant for supply to the space, by an array of capillaries, in a self contained cooling device. An array of such devices is provided with holes and stacked to connect adjacent liquid and gaseous coolant flows to cool an array of heated objects, such as laser diode bars.
摘要翻译：一种冷却装置，其形成在具有微结构的导热基底中，所述微结构例如多个导热柱，所述多个导热柱由在液体冷却剂中引起毛细管作用的尺寸间隔开。柱延伸远离加热区域，并且柱之间的空间被供应液体冷却剂，该液体冷却剂由靠近柱的顶端的弯液面容纳。冷却剂在弯液面处蒸发并吸收热量，但是由于弯液面所含的冷却剂中的压力增加，在柱之间的空间内不会沸腾，从而允许更多的液体冷却剂与导热基底和柱接触。蒸发的冷却剂可以排放到空气中或与邻近具有较低压力的尖端的室中排放，以通过气体膨胀来除去额外的热量。气体冷却剂的排放允许空间中的液体冷却剂的毛细管流动不受阻碍，并且液体冷却剂的流动可以通过流体泵来增加。气态冷却剂可以与冷凝器热接触，冷凝器通过在自含冷却装置中的毛细管阵列液化冷却剂供应到空间。这种装置的阵列设置有孔并且被堆叠以连接相邻的液体和气态冷却剂流以冷却加热物体阵列，例如激光二极管条。

58. 发明授权

US5499261A Light emitting optical device with on-chip external cavity reflector 失效
标题翻译：具有片上外腔反射器的发光光学器件
公开(公告)号：US5499261A
公开(公告)日：1996-03-12
申请号：US304530
申请日：1994-09-12
申请人： David F. Welch , David G. Mehuys , Donald R. Scifres
发明人： David F. Welch , David G. Mehuys , Donald R. Scifres
IPC分类号： H01S3/081 , H01S3/23 , H01S5/026 , H01S5/0625 , H01S5/10 , H01S5/12 , H01S5/125 , H01S5/14 , H01S5/18 , H01S5/187 , H01S5/20 , H01S5/40 , H01S5/50 , H01S3/19
CPC分类号： H01S5/026 , G02B6/12004 , G02B6/305 , H01S5/1014 , H01S5/141 , H01S5/20 , H01S3/0818 , H01S3/113 , H01S5/0286 , H01S5/0625 , H01S5/06256 , H01S5/0655 , H01S5/1003 , H01S5/1064 , H01S5/1082 , H01S5/1085 , H01S5/1215 , H01S5/125 , H01S5/14 , H01S5/146 , H01S5/18 , H01S5/187 , H01S5/2036 , H01S5/2063 , H01S5/4025 , H01S5/4062 , H01S5/4087 , H01S5/50
摘要： A semiconductor laser having a light amplifying diode heterostructure with a flared gain region in an external resonant cavity. The flared gain region has a narrow aperture end which may be coupled to a single mode waveguide and a wide output end. A light emitting surface of the heterostructure proximate to the wide end of the flared gain region is partially reflective and combines with an external reflector to form a resonant cavity that is effectively unstable. The intracavity light-emitting surface proximate to the narrow aperture end is antireflection coated. The external reflector may be a planar mirror or a grating reflector. A lens or an optical fiber may couple the aperture end of the flared gain region to the external reflector. Frequency-selective feedback is provided by orienting the grating reflector or providing a prism in the cavity in front of the external planar mirror. Other filtering elements may also be placed in the external cavity. The flared gain region and waveguide may be differentially pumped or modulated with current provided by separate contacts.
摘要翻译：一种具有在外部谐振腔中具有扩张增益区的光放大二极管异质结构的半导体激光器。扩口增益区域具有窄孔径端，其可以耦合到单模波导和宽输出端。接近扩张增益区域的宽端的异质结构的发光表面是部分反射的，并且与外部反射器组合以形成有效不稳定的谐振腔。靠近窄孔径的腔内发光表面是抗反射涂层的。外部反射器可以是平面反射镜或光栅反射器。透镜或光纤可将扩张增益区域的孔径端耦合到外部反射器。通过定向光栅反射器或在外部平面镜的前面的空腔中提供棱镜来提供频率选择反馈。其它过滤元件也可以放置在外部空腔中。扩张增益区域和波导可以通过由单独的触点提供的电流进行差分泵浦或调制。

59. 发明授权

US5453641A Waste heat removal system 失效
标题翻译：废热排除系统
公开(公告)号：US5453641A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-26
申请号：US093206
申请日：1993-07-16
申请人： David C. Mundinger , Donald R. Scifres
发明人： David C. Mundinger , Donald R. Scifres
IPC分类号： F28D9/00 , F28D15/02 , H01L23/473 , H01L25/04 , H01L23/02
CPC分类号： F28D15/0266 , F28D15/046 , F28D9/00 , H01L23/473 , F28F2260/02 , H01L2924/0002 , H01S5/024 , H01S5/02423
摘要： A cooling device formed in a thermally conductive substrate having at least one microchannel of dimensions that induce capillary action and a surface in thermal contact with a heated region. The microchannel has a longitudinal opening oriented away from the heated region and is supplied with liquid coolant which is contained by a meniscus near the opening. The coolant vaporizes at the meniscus and absorbs heat but, due to increased pressure in the coolant contained by the meniscus, does not boil within the microchannel, allowing more liquid coolant contact with the thermally conductive substrate and walls. The vaporized coolant is discharged into a chamber facing the opening which can be at a lower pressure to remove additional heat by gaseous expansion. The discharge of gaseous coolant allows the capillary flow of the liquid coolant in the microchannels to be unimpeded, and may be augmented by a fluid pump. The gaseous coolant may be in thermal contact with a condenser that liquefies the coolant for supply to the microchannels, by an array of capillaries, in a self contained cooling device. An array of such devices is provided with holes and stacked to connect adjacent liquid and gaseous coolant flows to cool an array of heated objects, such as laser diode bars.
摘要翻译：形成在导热基底中的冷却装置，其具有至少一个引起毛细管作用的尺寸的微通道和与加热区域热接触的表面。微通道具有远离加热区域的纵向开口，并且供应液体冷却剂，该液体冷却剂由开口附近的弯液面容纳。冷却剂在弯液面处蒸发并吸收热量，但是由于弯液面中包含的冷却剂中的压力增加，在微通道内不沸腾，允许更多的液体冷却剂与导热基材和壁接触。蒸发的冷却剂被排放到面向开口的室中，该室可以处于较低的压力以通过气体膨胀除去额外的热量。气态冷却剂的排放允许微通道中的液体冷却剂的毛细管流动不受阻碍，并且可以通过流体泵来增加。气态冷却剂可以与冷凝器热接触，冷凝器通过在自含冷却装置中的毛细管阵列液化冷却剂以供给微通道。这种装置的阵列设置有孔并且被堆叠以连接相邻的液体和气态冷却剂流以冷却加热物体阵列，例如激光二极管条。

60. 发明授权

US5392308A Semiconductor laser with integral spatial mode filter 失效
标题翻译：具有积分空间模式滤波器的半导体激光器
公开(公告)号：US5392308A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-21
申请号：US1735
申请日：1993-01-07
申请人： David F. Welch , David G. Mehuys , Donald R. Scifres
发明人： David F. Welch , David G. Mehuys , Donald R. Scifres
IPC分类号： H01S3/081 , H01S3/23 , H01S5/026 , H01S5/042 , H01S5/0625 , H01S5/065 , H01S5/10 , H01S5/12 , H01S5/125 , H01S5/14 , H01S5/18 , H01S5/187 , H01S5/20 , H01S5/40 , H01S5/50 , H01S3/19
CPC分类号： H01S5/1014 , G02B6/305 , H01S5/026 , H01S5/065 , H01S5/10 , H01S5/141 , H01S5/20 , G02B6/12004 , H01S2301/166 , H01S3/0818 , H01S3/113 , H01S5/0286 , H01S5/0425 , H01S5/0625 , H01S5/06256 , H01S5/0655 , H01S5/1003 , H01S5/1064 , H01S5/1082 , H01S5/1085 , H01S5/1215 , H01S5/125 , H01S5/14 , H01S5/146 , H01S5/18 , H01S5/187 , H01S5/2036 , H01S5/2063 , H01S5/4025 , H01S5/4062 , H01S5/4087 , H01S5/50
摘要： A semiconductor laser having a light amplifying diode heterostructure with a flared gain region in an external resonant cavity. The flared gain region has a narrow aperture end which may be coupled to a single mode waveguide and a wide output end. A light emitting surface of the heterostructure proximate to the wide end of the flared gain region is partially reflective and combines with an external reflector to form a resonant cavity that is effectively unstable. The intracavity light-emitting surface proximate to the narrow aperture end is antireflection coated. The external reflector may be a planar mirror or a grating reflector. A lens or an optical fiber may couple the aperture end of the flared gain region to the external reflector. Frequency-selective feedback is provided by orienting the grating reflector or providing a prism in the cavity in front of the external planar mirror. Other filtering elements may also be placed in the external cavity. The flared gain region and waveguide may be differentially pumped or modulated with current provided by separate contacts.
摘要翻译：一种具有在外部谐振腔中具有扩张增益区的光放大二极管异质结构的半导体激光器。扩口增益区域具有窄孔径端，其可以耦合到单模波导和宽输出端。接近扩张增益区域的宽端的异质结构的发光表面是部分反射的，并且与外部反射器组合以形成有效不稳定的谐振腔。靠近窄孔径的腔内发光表面是抗反射涂层的。外部反射器可以是平面反射镜或光栅反射器。透镜或光纤可将扩张增益区域的孔径端耦合到外部反射器。通过定向光栅反射器或在外部平面镜的前面的空腔中提供棱镜来提供频率选择反馈。其它过滤元件也可以放置在外部空腔中。扩张增益区域和波导可以通过由单独的触点提供的电流进行差分泵浦或调制。

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