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    • 35. 发明授权
    • Temperature control system for a thermal reactor
    • 热反应器的温度控制系统
    • US06211495B1
    • 2001-04-03
    • US09386678
    • 1999-08-31
    • Kevin StoddardPaul R. McHughKonstantinos Tsakalis
    • Kevin StoddardPaul R. McHughKonstantinos Tsakalis
    • H05B102
    • H01L21/67248C23C16/52C30B25/10C30B25/16C30B31/12C30B31/18F27B9/024F27B9/063F27B9/40F27D19/00F27D21/0014H01L21/67109
    • A temperature control system for a thermal reactor is disclosed that addresses many of the problems in the art. In accordance with one aspect of the disclosed control system, a plurality of temperature controllers are employed. Each temperature controller employs one or more dynamic models that are optimized for a given temperature range. The temperature range over which a particular controller is optimized is preferably generally exclusive of the temperature ranges over which other controllers of the plurality of temperature controllers are optimized. In accordance with another aspect of the control system, the control system employs enhanced ramp trajectory logic. In accordance with another aspect of the control system, the control system employs a virtual temperature sensor in the event of a hardware failure of the corresponding non-virtual temperature sensor. Upon the detection of a failure of the non-virtual temperature sensor, the temperature control system automatically substitutes a virtual temperature sensor in its place as a control system input. In accordance with a still further aspect of the temperature control system, the control system is provided with control logic that switches the control mode of the system in the event of a failure of a heating element. All of the foregoing aspect of the present invention may be combined into a single temperature controller. Alternatively, these temperature control system improvements may be incorporated as individual elements, without reliance on the other inventive aspects disclosed herein.
    • 公开了一种用于热反应器的温度控制系统,其解决了本领域的许多问题。 根据所公开的控制系统的一个方面,采用多个温度控制器。 每个温度控制器都使用一个或多个针对给定温度范围进行优化的动态模型。 特定控制器优化的温度范围优选地通常不超过多个温度控制器中的其它控制器被优化的温度范围。 根据控制系统的另一方面,控制系统采用增强的斜坡轨迹逻辑。 根据控制系统的另一方面,在对应的非虚拟温度传感器发生硬件故障的情况下,控制系统采用虚拟温度传感器。 在检测到非虚拟温度传感器的故障时,温度控制系统自动地将虚拟温度传感器替代为控制系统输入。 根据温度控制系统的另一方面,控制系统设置有控制逻辑,其在加热元件发生故障的情况下切换系统的控制模式。 本发明的所有前述方面可以组合成单个温度控制器。 或者,这些温度控制系统改进可以作为单独的元件并入,而不依赖于本文公开的其它发明方面。
    • 36. 发明授权
    • Installation for manufacture of hot rolled steel strips
    • 热轧钢带的制造安装
    • US5333366A
    • 1994-08-02
    • US83109
    • 1993-06-24
    • Rudolf Guse
    • Rudolf Guse
    • B21B1/00B21B1/46B21B45/00B22D11/14C21D9/00F27B9/02B22D11/12
    • C21D9/0081B21B1/466B22D11/147F27B9/024Y10T29/49989Y10T29/5184
    • An installation for the manufacture of hot rolled steel strips is disclosed which reduces the constructions costs, energy expenditure and space consumed. The installation comprises at least two thin slab casters, arrangements for preheating and/or keeping the thin slabs at a particular temperature and a hot finishing rolling train. Two thin slab casters 1 and 2 are disposed to face each other and have opposite billet output conveyance, with a cut-to-length line 20, 21, a two-high furnace 22, 23 with superimposed roller tables 27, 28 and a transfer furnace 24, 25 with a roller table 34. The height of the roller table is adjustable to match the superimposed roller tables 27, 28 of the two-high furnace 22, 23 and is located downstream of each thin slab caster 1, 2. Lower roller tables 28 of the two-high furnaces 22, 23 are interconnected by an intermediate roller table 32, extending beneath the continuous casters 1, 2 and are connected with the rolling mill feed roller table 6 by a roller table 34 of an adjustable height transfer furnace 33.
    • 公开了用于制造热轧钢带的装置,其减少了结构成本,能量消耗和消耗的空间。 该装置包括至少两个薄板坯脚轮,用于将薄板坯预热和/或保持在特定温度的布置和热精轧机构。 两个薄板坯脚轮1和2被设置为彼此面对并具有相对的坯料输出输送,具有切割长度线20,21,具有叠加的辊台27,28的二高炉22,23和转印 具有辊台34的炉24,25。辊台的高度是可调节的,以匹配双高炉22,23的重叠辊台27,28,并且位于每个薄板坯连铸机1,2的下游。下部 两高炉22,23的辊台28通过中间辊台32相互连接,中间辊台32在连续脚轮1,2下方延伸,并通过可调节高度传递的辊台34与轧机进料辊台6连接 炉33。
    • 37. 发明授权
    • Method and apparatus for preparing test specimens subjected to different
heat treatments
    • 用于制备经受不同热处理的试样的方法和装置
    • US3982882A
    • 1976-09-28
    • US578814
    • 1975-05-19
    • Saul Weingrad
    • Saul Weingrad
    • F27B9/02F27B9/22F27B17/02F27D5/00F27B9/40
    • F27B17/02F27B9/024F27B9/22
    • A furnace for preparing test specimens, such as specimens of ceramic materials, is provided, such furnace including a furnace chamber having a heating zone; heating means for heating the heating zone; first specimen support means disposed in the heating zone supporting at least two test specimens to be subjected to heat treatment; heat sensing means disposed in the heating zone for sensing the degree of heat treatment of at least one of said test specimens; specimen outlet conveyor means for removing from the heating zone at least one test specimen subjected to a predetermined heat treatment; and specimen inlet conveyor means for feeding control or blank specimens into the heating zone to maintain constant the total number (total mass) of specimens subjected to heat treatment in the heating zone. In a preferred embodiment, the specimen inlet and outlet conveyor means are adapted to cause the specimens to be moved about a predetermined path in the heating zone after the specimens are subjected to a predetermined heat treatment so as to allow the removal of at least one of the test specimens and the feeding of a corresponding number of control specimens onto the first specimen support means. In this manner, the total number and mass of specimens, including actual test specimens and control specimens, in the heating zone will be constant, from start to finish. Preferably, the control specimens should have the same heat absorption properties as the test specimens. In addition, it is also preferable to pre-heat the control specimens to the temperature of the heating zone before they are fed into the heating zone to more accurately duplicate conditions in the furnace.A method of preparing a plurality of test specimens employing the above apparatus is also provided, which method includes the steps of feeding at least first and second test specimens to be heat treated into a heating zone, subjecting said test specimens to a first predetermined heat treatment, removing said first test specimen from said heating zone, said first test specimen representing a specimen subjected to said first predetermined heat treatment, substantially simultaneously feeding a control specimen into the heating zone to replace said first test specimen, thereby maintaining constant the total number and total mass of specimens present in the heating zone, subjecting said second test specimen and said control specimen remaining in the heating zone to a second predetermined heat treatment, and removing said second test specimen from the heating zone, said second test specimen representing a specimen subjected to said first heat treatment under the same conditions as was said first test specimen and also subjected to said second predetermined heat treatment.
    • 提供了用于制备诸如陶瓷材料样品的试样的炉,该炉包括具有加热区的炉室; 用于加热加热区的加热装置; 第一样本支撑装置设置在加热区域中,支撑至少两个待进行热处理的试样; 热传感装置设置在加热区中,用于感测至少一个所述试样的热处理程度; 用于从加热区移除经受预定热处理的至少一个试样的标本出口输送装置; 以及用于将控制或空白样品送入加热区的试样入口传送装置,以保持在加热区中进行热处理的试样的总数(总质量)。 在优选实施例中,样本入口和出口传送装置适于在试样进行预定的热处理之后使试样在加热区中围绕预定的路径移动,以允许将样品中的至少一种 试样和将相应数量的对照样品进料到第一试样支撑装置上。 以这种方式,从开始到结束,加热区域中的试样(包括实际试样和对照样品)的总数和质量将是恒定的。 优选地,对照样品应具有与试样相同的吸热性能。 此外,还优选在加热区域被加热到加热区域之前将加热区域的温度预加热到更准确地重复炉内的条件。