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    • 31. 发明申请
    • IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRODIALYSIS INCLUDING FILLED CELL ELECTRODIALYSIS (ELECTRODEIONIZATION)
    • 电解质的改进,包括填充电池电解(电极化)
    • WO1995029005A1
    • 1995-11-02
    • PCT/US1995004196
    • 1995-04-04
    • IONICS, INCORPORATED
    • IONICS, INCORPORATEDBATCHELDER, Bruce, T.ELYANOW, Irving, D.GOLDSTEIN, Arthur, L.MACDONALD, Russell, J.MACRAE, Wayne, A.SIMS, Keith, J.ZHANG, Li
    • B01D61/44
    • A23C9/144B01D61/025B01D61/027B01D61/145B01D61/147B01D61/422B01D61/44B01D61/48B01D61/58B01J47/08C01B11/04C01B11/06C02F1/42C02F1/44C02F1/441C02F1/4674C02F1/469C02F1/4693C02F1/4695C02F9/00C02F2101/163C02F2201/46115
    • Improved electrodialysis (ED) stacks are disclosed having one or more components selected from the group: a) cation exchange membranes having ion exchange groups predominantly sulfonic acid groups and a minor amount of weakly acidic and/or weakly basic groups or membranes which are selective to monovalent cations and simultaneously therewith, cation exchange granules selective to monovalent cations as packing in the dilute compartments; b) anion exchange membranes having as ion exchange groups only quaternary ammonium and/or quaternary phosphonium groups and substantially no primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine and/or phosphine groups or membranes which are selective to monovalent anions simultaneously therewith, anion exchange granules selective to monovalent anions as packing in the dilute compartments; c) as packing in the dilute compartment, anion exchange granules which are selctive to monovalent anions, or cation exchange granules which are selective to monovalent cations, or cation exchange granules having as exchange groups a predominant amount of sulfonic acid groups and a minor amount of weakly acidic and/or weakly basic groups, or anion exchange granules consisting of organic polymers having as anion exchange groups only quaternary ammonium and/or quaternary phosphonium groups and almost no primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine and/or phosphine groups.
    • 公开了改进的电渗析(ED)堆叠,其具有一个或多个选自以下的组分:a)具有主要为磺酸基团的离子交换基团和少量弱酸性和/或弱碱性基团或膜的阳离子交换膜, 一价阳离子,同时具有选择性的阳离子交换颗粒,作为填充在稀室中的一价阳离子; b)具有作为离子交换基团的离子交换基团的阴离子交换膜仅具有季铵和/或季鏻基团,并且基本上不具有与单价阴离子同时选择性的伯,仲和/或叔胺和/或膦基或膜,阴离子交换颗粒选择性 作为包装在稀释室中的单价阴离子; c)作为稀释室中的填料,对一价阴离子有选择性的阴离子交换颗粒或对一价阳离子有选择性的阳离子交换颗粒,或具有主要量的磺酸基和交换基团的阳离子交换颗粒, 弱酸性和/或弱碱性基团或由具有阴离子交换基团的有机聚合物组成的阴离子交换颗粒仅为季铵和/或季鏻基团,并且几乎不具有伯,仲和/或叔胺和/或膦基团。
    • 36. 发明授权
    • PROCESS FOR PREPARING ALKYLENE OXIDES
    • 用于生产亚
    • EP0730559B1
    • 1997-09-17
    • EP95904059.3
    • 1994-11-09
    • THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY
    • TRENT, David, L.QUARDERER, GeorgeBARGERON, Kim, G.GREMINGER, Douglas, C.KORANEK, David, J.STEWART, Erik J.SWISHER, Curtis, N.TIRTOWIDJOJO, Cheryl, A.TIRTOWIDJOJO, Danil
    • C01B11/04C07C29/66C07D301/26
    • C01B11/04B01F13/0059C01B11/064C07C29/66C07D301/26C07C31/36
    • A process of preparing alkylene oxides comprises steps of: (1) optionally contacting metal hydroxide or oxide with chlorine to form a metal hypochlorite solution; (2) contacting chlorine with a solution of a metal hypochlorite at a temperature below 60 °C, and a pH of less than 5.5, with sufficient micromixing to achieve a product hypochlorous acid in a yield of at least 80 mole percent based on hypochlorite; (3) separating at least a portion of the hypochlorous acid from an aqueous metal chloride solution thereof, hereinafter referred to as chloride brine, wherein the solution is sprayed as droplets having a volume median diameter of less than 500 micrometers into a vapor stream such that at least 30 mole percent of the hypochlorous acid is desorbed from a liquid phase into a vapor phase where hypochlorous acid and dichlorine monoxide are in equilibrium; (4) distilling the remaining liquid phase to obtain additional hypochlorous acid and dichlorine monoxide vapor; (5) absorbing the hypochlorous acid and dichlorine monoxide in low-chlorides water to produce a low-chlorides aqueous hypochlorous acid solution; (6) contacting the low-chlorides aqueous hypochlorous acid solution with an olefin in a continuous process using a continuous stirred tank reactor to maintain a uniform steady-state HOCl concentration in the reactor of 0.2 weight percent or less to form a corresponding olefin chlorohydrin; (7) optionally contacting the olefin chlorohydrin with a base to form a corresponding alkylene oxide and a salt solution; and (8) optionally separating the alkylene oxide from the salt solution; (9) optionally removing chlorates from the chloride brine from at least one of Steps 3 or 4 by contacting the chlorates with acid to convert the chlorates to chlorine; and (10) optionally recycling the chlorine to at least one of Steps 1 or 4. The process yields particularly high yields of the alkylene oxide without substantial production of by-products.