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21. 发明申请

US20110270352A1 Encoding of Size and Brightness of Percepts in a Visual Prosthesis 有权
标题翻译：视觉假体中感觉的尺寸和亮度的编码
公开(公告)号：US20110270352A1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-03
申请号：US13097534
申请日：2011-04-29
申请人： Devyani Nanduri , Mark S. Humayun , James D. Weiland , Jessy Dorn , Robert J. Greenberg
发明人： Devyani Nanduri , Mark S. Humayun , James D. Weiland , Jessy Dorn , Robert J. Greenberg
IPC分类号： A61F9/08
CPC分类号： A61N1/36046 , A61N1/0543
摘要： Methods of electrically stimulating percepts in a patient with a visual prosthesis are discussed. Changes in amplitude of stimulation increase both the perceived brightness and the perceived size of the precept. Changes in frequency of stimulation change the perceived brightness without altering the perceived size of the percept. Hence, a source image may be mapped to a combination of amplitude and frequency that best induces the desired image.
摘要翻译：讨论了在具有视觉假体的患者中电刺激感觉的方法。刺激幅度的变化增加了感觉的亮度和感知的尺寸。刺激频率的变化会改变感知亮度，而不会改变感知的感知尺寸。因此，源图像可以被映射到最佳地诱导期望图像的幅度和频率的组合。

22. 发明申请

US20080119908A1 METHOD OF IMPROVING ELECTRODE TISSUE INTERFACE 有权
标题翻译：改善电极组织界面的方法
公开(公告)号：US20080119908A1
公开(公告)日：2008-05-22
申请号：US11943487
申请日：2007-11-20
申请人： Samip Shah , Amy Chu Peishuan Hines , Dao Min Zhou , Robert J. Greenberg , Mark S. Humayun , James D. Weiland
发明人： Samip Shah , Amy Chu Peishuan Hines , Dao Min Zhou , Robert J. Greenberg , Mark S. Humayun , James D. Weiland
IPC分类号： A61N1/05
CPC分类号： A61N1/0543
摘要： A critical element of a retinal prosthesis is the stimulating electrode array, which is placed in close proximity to the retina. It is via this interface that a retinal prosthesis electrically stimulates nerve cells to produce the perception of light. The impedance load seen by the current driver consists of the tissue resistance and the complex electrode impedance. The results show that the tissue resistance of the retina is significantly greater than that of the vitreous humor in the eye. Circuit models of the electrode-retina interface are used to parameterize the different contributors to the overall impedance.
摘要翻译：视网膜假体的关键元件是刺激电极阵列，其被放置在靠近视网膜的位置。通过该界面，视网膜假体电刺激神经细胞产生光的感知。电流驱动器所看到的阻抗由组织电阻和复合电极阻抗组成。结果表明，视网膜的组织电阻显着大于眼玻璃体液的组织电阻。电极 - 视网膜界面的电路模型用于参数化整个阻抗的不同贡献者。

23. 发明授权

US10188853B2 Flexible circuit electrode array with a drum stress relief 有权
公开(公告)号：US10188853B2
公开(公告)日：2019-01-29
申请号：US12044830
申请日：2008-03-07
申请人： Rajat Agrawal , Robert J. Greenberg , Mark S. Humayun , James Singleton Little , Brian V. Mech , Jordan Matthew Neysmith , Neil Hamilton Talbot , Dao Min Zhou
发明人： Rajat Agrawal , Robert J. Greenberg , Mark S. Humayun , James Singleton Little , Brian V. Mech , Jordan Matthew Neysmith , Neil Hamilton Talbot , Dao Min Zhou
IPC分类号： A61N1/05 , A61N1/36
摘要： The present invention is a flexible circuit electrode array with a polymer base layer, metal traces deposited on the polymer base layer, including electrodes suitable to stimulate neural tissue, a polymer top layer deposited on the polymer base layer and the metal traces, and a soft polymer filling a void through both the polymer base layer and polymer top layer, the soft polymer forming drum stress relief around an attachment point.

24. 发明授权

US08571671B2 Method of improving electrode tissue interface 有权
标题翻译：改善电极组织界面的方法
公开(公告)号：US08571671B2
公开(公告)日：2013-10-29
申请号：US13540137
申请日：2012-07-02
申请人： Samip Shah , Amy Chu Peishuan Hines , Dao Min Zhou , Robert J. Greenberg , Mark S. Humayun , James D. Weiland
发明人： Samip Shah , Amy Chu Peishuan Hines , Dao Min Zhou , Robert J. Greenberg , Mark S. Humayun , James D. Weiland
IPC分类号： A61N1/36
CPC分类号： A61N1/0543
摘要： A critical element of a retinal prosthesis is the stimulating electrode array, which is placed in close proximity to the retina. It is via this interface that a retinal prosthesis electrically stimulates nerve cells to produce the perception of light. The impedance load seen by the current driver consists of the tissue resistance and the complex electrode impedance. The results show that the tissue resistance of the retina is significantly greater than that of the vitreous humor in the eye. Circuit models of the electrode-retina interface are used to parameterize the different contributors to the overall impedance.
摘要翻译：视网膜假体的关键元件是刺激电极阵列，其被放置在靠近视网膜的位置。通过该界面，视网膜假体电刺激神经细胞产生光的感知。电流驱动器所看到的阻抗由组织电阻和复合电极阻抗组成。结果表明，视网膜的组织电阻显着大于眼玻璃体液的组织电阻。电极 - 视网膜界面的电路模型用于参数化整个阻抗的不同贡献者。

25. 发明申请

US20120277620A1 Method of Improving Electrode Tissue Interface 有权
标题翻译：改善电极组织界面的方法
公开(公告)号：US20120277620A1
公开(公告)日：2012-11-01
申请号：US13540137
申请日：2012-07-02
申请人： Samip Shah , Amy Chu Peishuan Hines , Dao Min Zhou , Robert J. Greenberg , Mark S. Humayun , James D. Weiland
发明人： Samip Shah , Amy Chu Peishuan Hines , Dao Min Zhou , Robert J. Greenberg , Mark S. Humayun , James D. Weiland
IPC分类号： A61B5/053
CPC分类号： A61N1/0543
摘要： A critical element of a retinal prosthesis is the stimulating electrode array, which is placed in close proximity to the retina. It is via this interface that a retinal prosthesis electrically stimulates nerve cells to produce the perception of light. The impedance load seen by the current driver consists of the tissue resistance and the complex electrode impedance. The results show that the tissue resistance of the retina is significantly greater than that of the vitreous humor in the eye. Circuit models of the electrode-retina interface are used to parameterize the different contributors to the overall impedance.
摘要翻译：视网膜假体的关键元件是刺激电极阵列，其被放置在靠近视网膜的位置。通过这个界面，视网膜假体电刺激神经细胞产生光的感知。电流驱动器所看到的阻抗由组织电阻和复合电极阻抗组成。结果表明，视网膜的组织电阻显着大于眼玻璃体液的组织电阻。电极 - 视网膜界面的电路模型用于参数化整个阻抗的不同贡献者。

26. 发明授权

US08150534B2 Electrode array for even neural pressure 有权
标题翻译：电极阵列甚至神经压力
公开(公告)号：US08150534B2
公开(公告)日：2012-04-03
申请号：US13029955
申请日：2011-02-17
申请人： Robert J. Greenberg , Mark S. Humayun , James Singleton Little , Jordan Matthew Neysmith
发明人： Robert J. Greenberg , Mark S. Humayun , James Singleton Little , Jordan Matthew Neysmith
IPC分类号： A61N1/00
CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 , A61N1/0558
摘要： An electrode array attached to neural tissue, such as the retina, necessarily has graded pressure exerted on the tissue, with higher pressure near the attachment point. Greater pressure improves contact between the electrodes and neural tissue while too much pressure may damage neural tissue. Hence it is advantageous to obtain equal pressure across the array field. In the present invention multiple and selective attachment points are provided on an electrode array allowing a surgeon to select the attachment points providing the best electrode tissue contact.
摘要翻译：附着到神经组织（例如视网膜）上的电极阵列必须具有施加在组织上的分级压力，附近点附近具有更高的压力。更大的压力改善了电极和神经组织之间的接触，而太多的压力可能损伤神经组织。因此，有利的是在阵列场上获得相等的压力。在本发明中，在电极阵列上提供多个选择性附着点，允许外科医生选择提供最佳电极组织接触的附着点。

27. 发明申请

US20090149915A1 Electrode Array for Even Neural Pressure 有权
标题翻译：用于均匀神经压力的电极阵列
公开(公告)号：US20090149915A1
公开(公告)日：2009-06-11
申请号：US12258296
申请日：2008-10-24
申请人： Robert J. Greenberg , Mark S. Humayun
发明人： Robert J. Greenberg , Mark S. Humayun
IPC分类号： A61F9/08 , A61N1/05
CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 , A61N1/0558
摘要： The present invention is an electrode array for neural stimulation. In particular it is an electrode array for use with a visual prosthesis with the electrode array suitable to be positioned on the retina. The array includes multiple attachment points to provide for even pressure across the electrode array surface. The attachment points are arranged so as to not damage retinal tissue stimulated by the electrode array.
摘要翻译：本发明是用于神经刺激的电极阵列。特别地，它是用于视觉假体的电极阵列，其中电极阵列适合于定位在视网膜上。该阵列包括多个连接点，以提供穿过电极阵列表面的均匀的压力。安装点被布置成不损伤由电极阵列刺激的视网膜组织。

28. 发明申请

US20080288036A1 Flexible Circuit Electrode Array with Wire or Film Support 有权
标题翻译：带电线或薄膜支架的柔性电路电极阵列
公开(公告)号：US20080288036A1
公开(公告)日：2008-11-20
申请号：US12032627
申请日：2008-02-15
申请人： Robert J. Greenberg , Eugene de Juan , Mark S. Humayun , Kelly H. McClure , Neil Hamilton Talbot , Jordan Matthew Neysmith , Brian V. Mech , James Singleton Little , Mohamed Khaldi
发明人： Robert J. Greenberg , Eugene de Juan , Mark S. Humayun , Kelly H. McClure , Neil Hamilton Talbot , Jordan Matthew Neysmith , Brian V. Mech , James Singleton Little , Mohamed Khaldi
IPC分类号： A61N1/04
CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 , A61N1/05 , A61N1/0541 , H05K1/0393 , H05K1/118
摘要： The disclosure relates to a flexible circuit electrode array comprising: a polymer base layer; metal traces deposited on said polymer base layer, including electrodes suitable to stimulate neural tissue; a polymer top layer deposited on said polymer base layer and said metal traces; and at least one support embedded in said array. The disclosure further relates to a flexible circuit electrode array comprising: a polymer base layer; metal traces deposited on said polymer base layer, including electrodes suitable to stimulate neural tissue; a polymer top layer deposited on said polymer base layer and said metal traces; and a folded flexible circuit cable connecting the electrode array with an interconnection pad. The disclosure further relates to a method of making a flexible circuit electrode array comprising: depositing a polymer base layer; depositing metal on said polymer base layer; patterning said metal to form metal traces; depositing a polymer top layer on said polymer base layer and said metal traces; heating said flexible circuit electrode array in a mold to form a three dimensional shape in said flexible circuit electrode array, embedding a support at least in the base layer, top layer or between the base and top layer, and/or folding a flexible circuit cable at least once connecting the electrode array with an interconnection pad the array.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及柔性电路电极阵列，包括：聚合物基层; 沉积在所述聚合物基层上的金属痕迹，包括适于刺激神经组织的电极; 沉积在所述聚合物基底层和所述金属迹线上的聚合物顶层; 以及嵌入在所述阵列中的至少一个支撑。本发明还涉及一种柔性电路电极阵列，包括：聚合物基层; 沉积在所述聚合物基层上的金属痕迹，包括适于刺激神经组织的电极; 沉积在所述聚合物基底层和所述金属迹线上的聚合物顶层; 以及将电极阵列与互连衬垫连接的折叠柔性电路电缆。本公开还涉及一种制造柔性电路电极阵列的方法，包括：沉积聚合物基层; 在所述聚合物基层上沉积金属; 图案化所述金属以形成金属痕迹; 在所述聚合物基底层和所述金属迹线上沉积聚合物顶层; 将所述柔性电路电极阵列加热到模具中以在所述柔性电路电极阵列中形成三维形状，至少在基层，顶层或基底与顶层之间嵌入支撑件，和/或折叠柔性电路电缆至少一次将电极阵列与互连衬垫连接在一起。

29. 发明授权

US5944747A Method for preferential outer retinal stimulation 失效
标题翻译：优良外视网膜刺激的方法
公开(公告)号：US5944747A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-31
申请号：US041932
申请日：1998-03-13
申请人： Robert J. Greenberg , Mark S. Humayun , Eugene de Juan, Jr.
发明人： Robert J. Greenberg , Mark S. Humayun , Eugene de Juan, Jr.
IPC分类号： A61F9/08 , A61N1/36 , A61N1/32
CPC分类号： A61N1/36046
摘要： A method of focused phosphene generation through deeper intermediate retinal cellular electrical stimulation to the exclusion of direct ganglion cellular electrical stimulation comprises the steps of: a) positioning a stimulating electrode in the vicinity of retinal tissue; and b) applying a long duration stimulation signal to the electrode such that deeper intermediate retinal cells are preferentially stimulated over the retinal ganglion cells and proximal overlying surface axons. The long duration stimulation signal is preferably a biphasic signal having a negative and a positive phase pulse which is applied in cathodic fashion. To preferentially stimulate the deeper intermediate retinal elements the duration of the long duration stimulation signal is greater than 0.5 millisecond per phase pulse, and preferably equal to or longer than 2 millisecond per phase pulse. The biphasic signal is preferably adjusted to simulate a monophasic signal by adjusting the magnitude of the negative pulse in relation to positive pulse, and by adjusting the duration of the positive pulse in relation to the negative pulse to maintain approximately net zero charge introduction. Preferably, the ratio of the negative pulse to the positive pulse is approximately 10:1 or greater.
摘要翻译：通过更深的中间视网膜细胞电刺激产生聚焦磷酸的方法排除直接神经节细胞电刺激包括以下步骤：a）将刺激电极定位在视网膜组织附近; 和b）对电极施加长时间刺激信号，使得较深的中间视网膜细胞优先在视网膜神经节细胞和近侧上表面轴突上被刺激。长持续时间刺激信号优选是具有以阴极方式施加的负相和正相脉冲的双相信号。为了优先地刺激较深的中间视网膜元件，长时间刺激信号的持续时间大于每相脉冲0.5毫秒，并且优选地等于或大于每相脉冲2毫秒。优选地调节双相信号以通过相对于正脉冲调整负脉冲的幅度，并通过相对于负脉冲调整正脉冲的持续时间来维持近似净零电荷引入来模拟单相信号。优选地，负脉冲与正脉冲的比率为大约10:1或更大。

30. 发明申请

US20120172961A1 Electrode Array for Even Neural Pressure 有权
标题翻译：用于均匀神经压力的电极阵列
公开(公告)号：US20120172961A1
公开(公告)日：2012-07-05
申请号：US13417604
申请日：2012-03-12
申请人： Robert J. Greenberg , Mark S. Humayun
发明人： Robert J. Greenberg , Mark S. Humayun
IPC分类号： A61F9/08 , A61N1/04
CPC分类号： A61N1/0543 , A61N1/0558
摘要： The present invention is an electrode array for neural stimulation. In particular it is an electrode array for use with a visual prosthesis with the electrode array suitable to be positioned on the retina. The array includes multiple attachment points to provide for even pressure across the electrode array surface. The attachment points are arranged so as to not damage retinal tissue stimulated by the electrode array.
摘要翻译：本发明是用于神经刺激的电极阵列。特别地，它是用于视觉假体的电极阵列，其中电极阵列适合于定位在视网膜上。该阵列包括多个连接点，以提供穿过电极阵列表面的均匀的压力。安装点被布置成不损伤由电极阵列刺激的视网膜组织。

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